Narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy is used in various tumor detection and is important in detecting early tumors.
To explore the application value of NBI endoscopy in diagnosing pharyngeal tumors.
...Ninety-one patients with pharyngeal masses who attended the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2023 to February 2024 were selected, and NBI and white light (WL) endoscopy were applied to examine the pharynx and the relationship between the two was observed. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.
The sensitivity of NBI endoscopy for diagnosing laryngeal malignant lesions was 92.0 %, the specificity was 93.0 %, the positive predictive value was 88.5 %, and the negative predictive value was 95.2 %, with a high degree of concordance between the results of NBI endoscopy and the pathology; WL endoscopy had a sensitivity of 64.0 %, a specificity of 76. 7 %, a positive predictive value of 61.5 %, and a negative predictive value of 78.6 %, with WL endoscopic findings had moderate concordance with pathology. The diagnostic accuracy of NBI endoscopy was higher than that of WL endoscopy for both benign and malignant lesions and precancerous lesions.
NBI endoscopy can detect laryngeal cancer lesions more accurately.
Liver precancerous lesions are the key to improving the efficacy of cancer treatment because of the extremely poor prognosis of HCC patients in moderate and late stages. Obesity-related HCC ...progression is closely related to the inflammatory microenvironment, in which macrophages are one of the major constituents. In the present study, we ask whether obesity promotes diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced precancerous lesions by M1 macrophage polarization. First, an association between obesity and liver precancerous lesions was determined by histopathological observations, immunochemistry and immunoblotting. The characteristics of early precancerous lesions (trabecular thickening) appeared earlier eight weeks in obese mice than in normal diet mice after DEN induction. The glutathione S-transferase placental-1 (Gstp 1) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression in obese mice after DEN induction was higher than that in the same period after DEN injection in normal diet mice. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the total macrophage number (F4/80+) of DEN and M1 macrophage number (CD86+F4/80+) in obese mice compared with that in normal diet mice. Besides, the expressions of four pro-inflammatory factors in DEN-induced obese mice were significantly higher compared with that in normal diet mice. Additionally, angiogenesis was revealed by immunostaining assay to be associated with the inflammatory response. All the results demonstrate that obesity promotes DEN-induced precancerous lesions by inducing M1 macrophage polarization and angiogenesis.
Introduction: In India, cervical cancer stands as the 2nd most common female cancer and it is the 2nd most leading cause of deaths in women aged 15 to 44 years. The first visit to the gynecologist ...for most of the women in India is during pregnancy, thereby making it a fair opportunity for the screening of premalignant and malignant cervical disease. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India from January 2018 to January 2019. The Pap smear testing of 237 spontaneously conceived antenatal women, aging between 20 to 35 years was performed. The same women were followed up for postnatal testing after 6 weeks of delivery. Results: Out of 237, 8 women were reported positive for pre malignant lesions of cervix in the antenatal testing, 5 cases of ASCUS, 1 case of AGC, 1 case of ASC-H & 1 case of HSIL. In the postnatal Pap smear testing, 37 women were lost to follow-up including 1 case of ASCUS. Postnatal Pap smear testing of the remaining 200 women showed that 193 women who were reported NILM in the antenatal period remained unchanged in the postnatal screening too. Out of the 7 women who tested positive, 4 cases of ASCUS, 1 case of AGC and 1 case of ASC-H showed regression, giving result as NILM in the postnatal screening test. Out of the 7 positive antenatal tests, 1 case which was reported as HSIL in the antenatal screening, remained unchanged in the postnatal period.Conclusion: The study concluded that there is significant regression (p<0.01) of Positive Pap smear findings from antenatal to postnatal period. Hence, it is imperative to repeat Pap smear test in postnatal period.
Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are a special histopathological stage before the occurrence of gastric cancer. Effective treatment of GPL is the key to preventing its progression to gastric ...cancer. GPL has a high level of inflammation in gastric mucosa, and a large number of inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators are metabolized at a high level, which increases oxygen consumption and leads to the formation of a hypoxia microenvironment in gastric mucosa at the GPL stage, which is conducive to the initiation of mitochondrial autophagy and glucose metabolism reprogramming. As a conserved biological process, mitochondrial autophagy exists in various tissues and cells of the body. It can form autophagosome to wrap mitochondria with damaged functions and bind with lysosomes to digest and reuse target mitochondria. Appropriate autophagy level can prevent excessive proliferation of GPL heterotype cells and inhibit the progress of GPL. However, mitochondrial autophagy activity is inhibited during the course of GPL, and the activity of glycometabolic reprogramming into glycolysis is increased during GPL. Glycolysis is a way of energy metabolism in the hypoxia state of cells, which can accelerate the energy supply of cells and the proliferation of abnormal cells, and thus accelerate the deterioration of GPL. Some evidences suggest that there may be a mutually restricting relationship between mitochondrial autophagy and glycolysis reprogramming. The inhibition of autophagy in GPL can increase glycolysis activity on the one hand, while the increase of autophagy inhibits glycolysis activity on the other hand. At present, the specific relationship and mechanism of autophagy and glycolysis are not clear, however, the complex pathological environment of GPL gastric mucosa composed of hypoxia, bacterial infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, activation disorder of signal molecules and other factors may be the key to the low autophagy level and high glycolysis activity. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which is involved in hypoxia adaptation, is stably expressed in gastric mucosa at the GPL stage and acts as a switch to initiate autophagy and glycolysis. However, HIF-1α seems to be more involved in the regulation of glycolysis in the pathological process of GPL. The cause of this change may be related to the above-mentioned pathological factors. H. pylori infection, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and other factors inhibit autophagy. However, the continuous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after autophagy inhibition and the aggravation of inflammation caused by H. pylori infection can promote a series of signal interactions and synergies among nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-Κb), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and thus indirectly affect HIF-1α to promote glycolysis or directly improve glycolysis level. HIF-1α may be more involved in the activation of glycolysis due to the regulation of GPL pathological microenvironment and its upstream complex signals, thus unable to fully activate BNIP-3 mediated hypoxia-initiated autophagy, leading to the down-regulation or inhibition of autophagy level, and the inhibition of autophagy indirectly promotes the improvement of glycolysis level, forming a vicious cycle, and ultimately leading to the deterioration of GPL. This article reviewed the research progress of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial autophagy and glucose metabolism reprogramming in gastric precancerous lesions.
Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) develops through multistage epithelial cancer formation, i.e., from normal epithelium, low- and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma. ...However, how the precancerous lesions progress to carcinoma remains elusive. Here, we report a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic study of 79 multistage esophageal lesions from 29 patients with ESCC. We reveal a gradual and significant loss of ANXA1 expression in epithelial cells due to its transcription factor KLF4 suppression along the lesion progression. We demonstrate that ANXA1 is a ligand to formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2) on fibroblasts that maintain fibroblast homeostasis. Loss of ANXA1 leads to uncontrolled transformation of normal fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which can be enhanced by secreted TGF-β from malignant epithelial cells. Given the role of CAFs in cancer, our study underscores ANXA1/FPR2 signaling as an important crosstalk mechanism between epithelial cells and fibroblasts in promoting ESCC.
Display omitted
•Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses of multistage ESCC tumorigenesis•The ANXA1 level in epithelial cells is gradually depleted along ESCC progression•ANXA1 depletion promotes ESCC via activating cancer-associated fibroblast formation•Reduced transcription factor KLF4 level causes ANXA1 depletion
Chen et al. perform single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses of multistage esophageal lesions and reveal gradual loss of ANXA1 expression in epithelial cells during ESCC development. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that suppressed ANXA1-FPR2 ligand-receptor interaction between epithelial-fibroblast leads to cancer-associated fibroblast formation, which promotes ESCC progression.
Enterotoxigenic
(ETBF) produces
toxin (BFT), which is associated with acute diarrheal, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer (CRC). In experimental models, ETBF has been shown to ...contribute to colon carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate mucosal colonization of ETBF in the colon to find a possible association between the presence of ETBF and precancerous and cancerous lesions. The mucosal biopsies of involved sites were obtained from 68 patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions and 52 healthy controls (HC). The samples were cultured on Bacteroides Bile Esculin agar. Then, specific primers were designed to detect
and
gene using quantitative real-time PCR, and the possible links of ETBF with clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. Also real-time PCR was performed to detect the
gene subtypes.
was detected in 51% of the patients and 48% of HCs cultures. The 16SrRNA gene was found to be present in 63 and 81% of the patients and HCs' samples, respectively. Moreover, the
gene was detected in 47 and 3.8% of the patients and HCs, respectively. Also,
was significantly more abundant in the patients' samples compared to those of HCs. In the patient group, higher odds ratio (OR) of ETBF was significantly associated with serrated lesions and adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. The
gene was the most prevalent subtype of
, followed by the
gene. This was the first study in Iran to demonstrate increased positivity of ETBF in patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions. In this study, the
gene was found to be associated with CRC, especially in the patients with precancerous lesions and initial carcinogenic lesions. Moreover, the results suggest that mucosal BFT exposure is common and could be a risk factor and a screening marker for developing CRC.
Background/Aim: Geotropism of the human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the heterogeneous distribution of different genotypes worldwide. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the HPV ...infection in women from Vojvodina, Serbia, according to cytological status and pathological changes of cervix - dysplasia and cancer. Methods: The research was conducted as a retrospective study at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina and the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina (IPHV). Data from the medical records of female patients treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer at the Department of Gynaecology, Clinic for Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica in the period from 2016 to 2021 were used, as well as the laboratory findings of the IPHV for a group of patients with normal cytological results of the Papanikolau (PAPA) smear. Results: A total of 731 women, from 20 to 82 years of age, with different cytological results were enrolled. 567 samples were classified as NILM, while 164 samples belong to a group of abnormal histopathology (LSIL/HSIL/cervical cancer). The HPV genotyping assay was performed using the EUROArray HPV test to detect 30 HPV genotypes. In the overall number with normal cytological findings, HPV infection was verified in 242 (42.7 %) patients, of which 135 (55.8 %) were verified with high risk HPV, while 76 (31.4 %) were verified with a mixed group of HPV (Low risk/High risk HPV). Most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16, 31, 53, 51 and 18 in NILM cytological status. In the samples with the abnormal histopathology, the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16, 33, 31 and 56, while 18 and 39 were equally verified. Genotype 16 was the most prevalent in the examined sample, with a higher prevalence in higher-grade histopathological findings: 18.8 % in LSIL, 31.9 % in HSIL and 75.0 % in cervical cancer samples. Infection with multiple associated genotypes of HPV was not correlated with histopathology. By comparing histopathological diagnosis and age, older patients had higher-grade lesions. Conclusion: Based on the estimated oncogenic potential of HPV genotypes as well as their prevalence in presented sample, it can be concluded that the nine-valent HPV vaccine for genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 would have the potential to prevent HPV infection and the incidence of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in about 85 % of women. Observing trends in the prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV genotypes, can be important in the further strategy of applying secondary and primary prevention, as well as the application of HPV detection as part of co-testing or considering the introduction of HPV testing in the initial screening program.
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, with an estimated 600,000 new cases and 340,000 deaths worldwide in 2020. However, there remains limited understanding of the ...association between individual socioeconomic status, clinical characteristics, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of women with cervical precancerous lesions. This study investigates socioeconomic and clinical variations in HRQoL of women with cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in Yunnan Province, China. Methods: The present study employed a cross-sectional survey design. An EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was used to assess HRQoL of 400 patients with cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in Yunnan Province, China, from 2019 to 2020. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-tests were performed to identify the independent variables associated with EQ-5D-5L utility scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Predictors of utility scores were confirmed using a Tobit regression model. Results: The mean EQ-5D-5L utility scores of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer patients was 0.939 (standard deviation (SD), 0.104), and the mean VAS score was 80.84 (SD, 16.551). Patients aged 40–59 years (β = –0.037, p = 0.005), patients who were not aware of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (β = –0.032, p = 0.004), and patients who underwent radical hysterectomy (β = –0.036, p = 0.006) had significantly lower utility scores, whereas having high monthly household income (β = 0.023, p = 0.033) was significantly associated with higher EQ-5D-5L utility scores. Age (p = 0.023) was statistically significant in differences in patients’ VAS scores. Anxiety/depression was the most frequently reported issue (35.75%) among participants. Conclusions: Future cervical cancer prevention and treatment guidelines should focus on low-income women, women aged 40–59 years, and those lacking knowledge about cervical cancer prevention.
HIGHLIGHTS
1. One of the most prevalent disease in females worldwide is cervical cancer.2. Simple and safe modality with high efficacy to treat cervical precancerous lesions before being progressed ...to cancer is necessary. 3. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has those advantages, so it will become an effective treatment for cervical precancerous lesions in the future.
ABSTRACT
Cervical cancer becomes one of the most prevalent disease in female worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is main etiology of cervical cancer, thus this disease is preventable. Before progressed into invasive cervical cancer, cervical precancerous lesions developed and classified into 3 stages: CIN1 (LSIL), CIN2, and CIN3 (CIN2+ also referred as HSIL). World Health Organization (WHO) arranged ‘screen-and-treat’ programme to treat cervical precancerous lesions immediately before it progressed to cancer. However, a simple and safe modality with high efficacy is necessary to accommodate this strategy. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has those advantages and some research suggested high efficacy to treat cervical precancerous lesions with simple, safe, and cost-effective. TCA has potential to become effective treatment for cervical precancerous lesions in the future.
PDF
