Background:
Blocking and even reversing gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) is a key measure to lower the incidence of gastric cancer. Atractylenolide III (AT-III) is a mainly active component of the ...Atractylodes rhizome and has been widely used in tumor treatment. However, the effects of AT-III on GPL and its mechanisms have not been reported.
Methods:
H & E staining and AB-PAS staining were employed to evaluate the histopathology in the gastric mucosa. In parallel, CD34 immunostaining was performed for angiogenesis assessment, and transmission electron microscope for microvessel ultrastructural observation. Investigation for the possible mechanism
in vivo
and
in vitro
was conducted using immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and western blotting.
Results:
In most GPL specimens, AT-III treatment reduced microvascular abnormalities and attenuated early angiogenesis, with the regression of most intestinal metaplasia and partial dysplasia. Meanwhile, the expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α was enhanced in GPL samples of model rats, and their expressions were decreased in AT-III-treated GPL rats. Moreover, DLL4 mRNA and protein expression were higher in GPL rats than in control rats. DLL4 protein expression was significantly enhanced in human GPL tissues. In addition, AT-III treatment could diminish DLL4 mRNA level and protein expression in the MNNG-induced GPL rats.
In vitro
study showed that in AGS and HGC-27 cells, DLL4 mRNA level and protein expression were significantly decreased after AT-III treatment. However, AT-III had no significant regulatory effect on Notch1 and Notch4.
Conclusion:
AT-III treatment is beneficial in lessening gastric precancerous lesions and attenuating angiogenesis in rats, and that may be contributed by the decrease of angiogenesis-associated HIF-1α and VEGF-A, and downregulation of DLL4.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most predominant malignancies worldwide. The 5‐year survival rate is still relatively low due to few symptoms presenting with the early ...disease, diagnosis at middle to late stage, and high risk of recurrence after therapy. Novel protein biomarkers for early detection and treatment of ESCC have the potential to reduce incidence and mortality rates, and significantly prolong the 5‐year survival rate. To date, several ESCC biomarkers are being investigated for screening, diagnosis, and treatment to decrease the disease burden. This review summarizes recent developments in candidate protein biomarkers for early diagnosis, predictors for precancerous disease progression, and prognosis of ESCC. Protein biomarkers that enable identification of the different pathologic grades of ESCC will need to be identified. ESCC biomarkers have the potential to improve screening and treatment strategies; multicenter prospective studies with large sample sizes will be required to confirm the usefulness of these candidate biomarkers.
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori
) infection is a crucial element in chronic gastritis progression towards precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) formation and, potentially, gastric cancer; ...however, screening for and eliminating
H pylori
has several challenges. This study aimed to assess the present research status, prominent themes, and frontiers of
H pylori
-related PLGC and to provide impartial evaluations of the developmental trends in this domain. This study extracted articles and review papers concerning
H pylori
-related PLGC published from 2013 to 2023 from the Web of Science Core Collection. The data was analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The study encompassed 1426 papers, with a discernible upward trend in publications between 2013 and 2023. China emerged as the most productive country, whereas the United States exerted the greatest influence. Baylor College of Medicine was the most prolific institution.
World Journal of Gastroenterology
featured the highest number of published papers, whereas
Gastroenterology
was the most frequently cited journal. Kim N. from South Korea was the most prolific author. Co-cited literature pertained to various aspects such as gastritis classification,
H pylori
infection management, gastric cancer prevention, and managing patients with PLGC. Future research will focus on the Kyoto classification, cancer incidence, and gastric intestinal metaplasia. The results of this study indicate a persistent increase in attention directed toward
H pylori
-associated PLGC. The research emphasis has transitioned from molecular mechanisms, epidemiology, monitoring, and diagnosis to clinical prevention and treatment methodologies. The forthcoming research direction in this area will concentrate on controlling and preventing malignant PLGC transformation.
A survey on urban adult addiction pattern Jaiswal, Shradha; Dharkar, Digpal; Shrivastav, Rajeev
Journal of Radiation and Cancer Research,
01/2019, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction: Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease, which is largely preventable. Awareness about cancer and its risk factors and symptoms can lead to prevention and early clinical diagnosis. ...Proper monitoring of the high-risk population along with periodic follow-up and deaddiction protocol can help reduce the incidence of oral cancer and lead to an early clinical diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A pretested questionnaire was the primary tool of the study. It had a total of 24 questions which were divided into three categories which would analyze the awareness, habits, and symptoms. Results: We found a statistically significant correlation between habits and symptoms and also between habit, age, and awareness. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for improving awareness and self-assessment of oral symptoms for early detection of precancerous lesions.
Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are a major health concern worldwide due to their potential to progress to gastric cancer (GC). Understanding the mechanism underlying the transformation from GPL ...to GC can provide a fresh insight for the early detection of GC. Although chronic inflammation is prevalent in the GPL, how the inflammatory microenvironment monitored the progression of GPL-to-GC are still elusive. Inflammation has been recognized as a key player in the progression of GPL. This review aims to provide an overview of the inflammatory microenvironment in GPL and its implications for disease progression and potential therapeutic applications. We discuss the involvement of inflammation in the progression of GPL, highlighting
(
) as a mediator for inflammatory microenvironment and a key driver to GC progression. We explore the role of immune cells in mediating the progression of GPL, and focus on the regulation of inflammatory molecules in this disease. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting inflammatory pathways for GPL. There are currently no specific drugs for GPL treatment, but traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and natural antioxidants, known as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, exhibit promising effects in suppressing or reversing the progression of GPL. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the field are proposed. Overall, this review highlights the central role of the inflammatory microenvironment in the progression of GPL, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in the future.
Patients with gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) have a higher risk of gastric cancer (GC). However, the transformation of GPL into GC is an ongoing process that takes several years. At present, ...several factors including H.Pylori (Hp), flora imbalance, inflammatory factors, genetic variations, Claudin-4, gastric stem cells, solute carrier family member 26 (SLC26A9), bile reflux, exosomes, and miR-30a plays a considerable role in the transformation of GPL into GC. Moreover, timely intervention in the event of GPL can reduce the risk of GC. In clinical practice, GPL is mainly treated with endoscopy, acid suppression therapy, Hp eradication, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, aspirin, and diet. Currently, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or combination with western medication to remove Hp and the use of TCM to treat GPL are common in Asia, particularly China, and have also demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy. This review thoroughly discussed the combining of TCM and Western therapy for the treatment of precancerous lesions as conditions allow. Consequently, this review also focuses on the causes of the development and progression of GPL, as well as its current treatment. This may help us understand GPL and related treatment.
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy and screening for risk factors with early detection has been shown to reduce the mortality. In this study, we aimed to analyze the ...characteristics and risk factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and precancerous lesions in women and provide clinical evidence for developing strategies to prevent cervical precancerous lesions and cancer in women. Furthermore, we evaluated the influencing factors for high-risk HPV infection. From April 2018 to December 2021, 10,628 women were recruited for cervical cancer screening at Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang Sujiatun District Women’s and Infants Hospital, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County People’s Hospital, and Shandong Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The study participants were tested to determine if they were HPV-positive (HPV +) or underwent thinprep cytology test (TCT) for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and above. Furthermore, colposcopies and biopsies were performed for the histopathological examination. Finally, 9991 cases were included in the statistical analysis, and the factors influencing HPV infection and those related to cervical cancer and precancerous lesions were analyzed. HPV + infection, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion-positive (CINII +) in cervical high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and early cervical cancer diagnosis rates were 12.45, 1.09, and 95.41%, respectively. The potential risk factors for HPV were education ≤ high school odds ratio (OR) = 1.279 (1.129–1.449),
P
< 0.001, age at initial sexual activity ≤ 19 years OR = 1.517 (1.080–2.129),
P
= 0.016, sexual partners > 1 OR = 1.310 (1.044–1.644),
P
= 0.020, ASCUS and above OR = 11.891 (10.105–13.993),
P
< 0.001, non-condom contraception OR = 1.255 (1.059–1.487),
P
= 0.009, and HSIL and above OR = 1.541 (1.430–1.662),
P
< 0.001. Compared with women aged 56–65 and 35–45 years OR = 0.810 (0.690–0.950),
P
= 0.010 the HPV infection rate was significantly lower in those aged 46–55 years OR = 0.79 (0.683–0.915),
P
= 0.002. Furthermore, ≤ high school age OR = 1.577 (1.042–2.387),
P
= 0.031, not breastfeeding OR = 1.763 (1.109–2.804),
P
= 0.017, ASCUS and above OR = 42.396 (28.042–64.098),
P
< 0.001 were potential risk factors for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. In women with HPV infection, ≤ high school education level, initial sexual activity at ≤ 19 years of age, number of sexual partners > 1, ASCUS and above, non-condom contraception, HSIL and above were risk factors for HPV infection. Compared with women aged 56–65 years, those aged 35–45 and 46–55 years had significantly lower HPV infection rates, and high school age and below, non-breastfeeding, and ASCUS and above were all potential risk factors for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
Background and Aims:
Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) are the most important pathological phase with increased risk of gastric cancer (GC) and encompass the key stage in which the ...occurrence of GC can be prevented. In this study, we found that the gut microbiome changed significantly during the process of malignant transformation from chronic gastritis to GC in N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) multiple factors-induced rat model. Accumulating evidence has shown that alterations in gut microbiota and metabolism are potentially linked to chronic inflammation and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the correlation of gut microbiota and metabolites, inflammatory factors, and the potential mechanism in the formation of PLGC have not yet been revealed.
Methods:
In this study, multiple factors including MNNG, sodium salicylate drinking, ranitidine feed, and irregular diet were used to establish a PLGC rat model. The pathological state of the gastric mucosa of rats was identified through HE staining and the main inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum were detected by the Luminex liquid suspension chip (Wayen Biotechnologies, Shanghai, China). The microbial composition and metabolites in the stool samples were tested by using
16S ribosomal RNA
(
rRNA
) gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics. The correlation analysis of gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines in the serum and gut microbiota and differential metabolites in feces was performed to clarify their biological function.
Results:
The results showed that compared to the control group, the gastric mucosa of the model rats had obvious morphological and pathological malignant changes and the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) increased significantly, while the level of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) in serum reduced significantly. There were significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota and fecal metabolic profiles between the model and control rats. Among them,
Lactobacillus
and
Bifidobacterium
increased significantly, while
Turicibacter
,
Romboutsia
,
Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014
,
Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005
, and
Ruminococcus_1
reduced significantly in the model rats compared to the control rats. The metabolites related to the lipid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway have also undergone significant changes. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the changes of the differential inflammatory cytokines in the serum, fecal metabolic phenotypes, and gut microbial dysbiosis in model rats.
Conclusion:
The activation of the inflammatory response, disturbance of the gut microbiota, and changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype could be closely related to the occurrence of PLGC. This study provides a new idea to reveal the mechanism of risk factors of chronic gastritis and GC from the perspective of inflammation-immune homeostasis, gut microbiota, and metabolic function balance.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to assess the Pap smear screening method’s accuracy in detecting precancerous lesions.
METHODOLOGY
After fulfilling the inclusion criteria patients were selected, the ...patient’s bladder was emptied and put in a dorsal position, and Cusco’s speculum was introduced after lubrication followed by insertion of Ayer’s spatula, applied on the transformational zone, and rotated in 360 degrees. Specimen smeared on glass slides and sent to the laboratory with fulfilled lab pre-requisite form. Patients were requested to follow up with a histopathology report.
RESULTS
Mean age of the patient was 38.111+9.461 years. Among the 77 patients whose samples were taken 15.4% were asymptomatic, 32.1% with vaginal discharge, 17.9% vaginal discharge,17.0% with intermenstrual bleeding and 16.7% were having lower abdominal pain with p value=0.087. Histopathology reports were interpreted upon follow-up visit among those 1.3% came out to be positive for malignancy, 76.6% negative for malignancy while 22.1% had an inadequate sample.
CONCLUSION
The most common method for screening for cervical cancer is the Pap smear, but its efficacy in detecting early precancerous lesions is very low, possibly due to laboratory error or false technique to a gynecologist of sample technique in our tertiary care hospital. Other screening methods should be used instead of conventional Pap smear.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of disc excision in the treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc.METHODOLOGY
METHODOLGY
This study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, ...Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. A total of 62 patients had moderate to severe radicular pain due to Prolapsed intervertebral disc at L4/5 or L5/S1. All the enrolled patients were subjected to disc excision surgery. Postoperatively the patients were kept for 48 hours for observation and then discharged. All the patients were advised to come after 2 weeks for the follow-up to check effectiveness.
RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 34.59± 7.49 years. There were 64.5% male and 35.5% female. 53.2% of patients had L4-L5, 33.9% of patients had L5-S1 and 12.9% of patients had both L4–L5 and L5–S1 level disc herniation. 85.5% of patients had no pain, 8.1% had mild pain and 04.8% had moderate pain. Postoperatively 79.0% of patients were satisfied.
CONCLUSION
As compared to conservative care limited disc excision is safe, effective, and reliable in terms of pain. Disc excision technique provides immediate relief from radicular pain.
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