The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of precarization as the property of the modern labor market in Ukraine that is spreading under the conditions of imbalance of the country’s ...employment system; to examine the positive and negative aspects of the impact of precarious employment on the domestic labor market and its regulation in order to preserve the labor potential of the country. The study uses the methods of generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis — to understand the essence of precarization and the peculiarities of the precariat formation as a special class; secondary analysis of statistical and sociological data — to identify the prerequisites for precarization, positive and negative consequences of precarization for Ukraine; graphical method — for clarity of data and a schematic presentation of the main provisions of the study. This paper considers the essence of the concept of «precarization» and defines the main attributes of precarious employment, among which the most significant are the absence or restriction of the rights of the employee in the workplace, access to social protection mechanisms, guarantees in obtaining a stable, permanent, legal workplace and income, ensuring decent work. It has been proven that in Ukraine the negative consequences of precarization prevail because Ukrainians are mostly forced to become precarians. Indicators of labor precarization in Ukraine have been determined and systematically analyzed. The scientific novelty is the systematization of precarious employment descriptors in the conditions of the labor market deformation in Ukraine. The results of the study can be used in the development of strategic plans for employment of the population, scientifically based monitoring of the implementation of the European Employment Strategy in terms of precarization of the labor market, and also form the basis for further research in this area. Keywords: precarization, precariat labor market precariat, migration policy. JEL Classіfіcatіon J45, J61, J69 Formulas: 0; fig.: 7; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 22.
This article aims to contextualize Ulrich Beck's thoughts, "Risk Society," regarding precarious digital work in Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. Data was obtained through mixed methods involving ...forty data sources that carry out digital work of a precarious nature in the online transportation and freelance sectors. The finding of this article is that "Risk Society" can be contextualized through the modernization of the world of work through the gig economy and digital work. Furthermore, modernity also creates three traps in the form of deskilling in the reality of digital work, creating alienation on platforms and dependence on algorithms. Lastly, modernity also creates a reduction in the role of the state when a reflective nature does not accompany it.
Objectives The lack of a common definition for precarious employment (PE) severely hampers the comparison of studies within and between countries, consequently reducing the applicability of research ...findings. We carried out a systematic review to summarize how PE has been conceptualized and implemented in research and identify the construct's dimensions in order to facilitate guidance on its operationalization. Methods According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science and Scopus for publications with variations of PE in the title or abstract. The search returned 1225 unique entries, which were screened for eligibility. Exclusion criteria were (i) language other than English, (ii) lack of a definition for PE, and (iii) non-original research. A total of 63 full-text articles were included and qualitative thematic-analysis was performed in order to identify dimensions of PE. Results We identified several theory-based definitions of PE developed by previous researchers. Most definitions and operationalizations were either an accommodation to available data or the direct result of qualitative studies identifying themes of PE. The thematic-analysis of the selected articles resulted in a multidimensional construct including the following three dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and lack of rights and protection. Conclusions Despite a growing number of studies on PE, most fail to clearly define the concept, severely restricting the advancement of the research of PE as a social determinant of health. Our combined theoretical and empirical review suggests that a common multidimensional definition could be developed and deployed in different labor market contexts using a variety of methodological approaches.
I den nordiske litteraturforskningen har man sett på litterære skildringer av prekariatet enten med utgangspunkt i sosiologen Guy Standings bok The Precariat. The New Dangerous Class fra 2011 eller i ...filosofen Judith Butlers essaysamling Precarious Life fra 2004. Å lese Cathrine Knudsens romaner inviterer til å videreutvikle forståelser av prekariatet. I De langtidsboende fra 2008 omfatter prekariatet pensjonatgjester eller -ansatte som har en prekær tilværelse ikke bare fordi de har en atypisk tiknytning til arbeidslivet, men fordi de er eller vil være usynlige. I Manuell fra 2014 argumenteres det for at økt bruk av teknologi særlig i omsorgssektoren gjør menneskene fremmede for hverandre og tvinger dem inn i prekaritet. I den dystopiske fremtidsromanen Den siste hjelperen (2018) kapitaliseres kroppen og omsorgsbehovet. Prekariatet beskrives i romanuniverset som en klasse som er et resultat av globaliseringsprosesser og velferdsstatens sammenbrudd, men også en forutsetning for at noe som ligner en velferdsstat, kan fortsette å fungere.
Women aged over 50 in Australia are becoming increasingly reliant on long-term welfare. Individual characteristics, societal norms, industry practices, and government policy create a multi-factorial, ...precariat population who have difficulties finding consistent, meaningful employment, live in financial distress, and have poor self-efficacy and mental health. Globally, entrepreneurial intervention programs are touted as an active labor market policy solution, helping people out of welfare into self-employment, and contributing to economic growth. While women and the long-term unemployed tend to struggle in such programs, in comparison, older participants thrive. The study aimed to identify the main factors that shape precariat women’s experiences in undertaking entrepreneurial intervention programs. Interview data collected longitudinally from 39 precariat women revealed four salient themes: the need for achievement as a motivator; self-efficacy and confidence; the negative impact of losing welfare assistance; and the beneficial impact of education and upskilling training. We discuss implications for research and policy.
The author of the reviewed monograph argues that social classes have not disappeared, but rather they have acquired new qualities and parameters. Thus J.T. Toschenko shows the need for a new approach ...towards analyzing social stratification. This analysis should be based not on “income, education and social status, but it should include such new factors as guaranteed sustained employment, the availability of social protection, preserving professional identity, participating in governance and confidence in the future”. The group of people who are deprived of any social achievements is going to keep growing. The author uses the term “the precariat” for those persons who lack any legal guarantees or legal protection of their basic needs. The precariat is characterised by multiple deprivation, which has never been observed on this scale before.
The monograph aims at highlighting the main reasons for the emergence of this “protoclass”. The main reason being the turbulence, the inconsistency and the distortion of social processes, which lead to a traumatized society, it being a result of long-term degradation and the social system withering away.
The purpose of this paper is to extend Bunnell’s (2016) thesis that international education teachers (IETs) are forming a ‘global educational precariat’. The paper draws upon interview data from a ...larger study of international teachers in two international schools in Shanghai, China. In order to substantiate and develop Bunnell’s thesis, narrative inquiry was employed as a guiding methodology, which ensured that data analysis remained rooted in the participants’ lived experience but also allowed for triangulation, thereby enhancing validity. Findings confirm Bunnell’s thesis by highlighting a lack of agency, financial insecurity, and the marginalisation of professional identities as common experiences of IET precarity. The findings also challenge the notion of a global educational precariat by arguing that it may be more appropriate to conceptualise IETs in terms of a localised educational precariat rather than a global class in and of itself. The paper ends by sketching a research agenda that would involve comparing teachers’ experiences in different types of international schools in China and other contexts.
The precariat is a new social category that exists in all countries around the world and consists of people who work in the gig economy and/or are employed under civil law contracts. One of the key ...factors that determines membership of the precariat is the uncertainty felt by individuals in the labour market as a result of, inter alia, being employed on flexible forms. The research aim of this article is to define the specificity of the Polish precariat and their sense of social security in the context of the current employment support and social policy of the Polish government. The utilitarian goal is to evaluate the “Polish Deal” programme currently proposed by the Polish government in terms of its strengths and weaknesses in order to reduce the precariat phenomenon and boost the Polish precariat’s sense of social security. The article also attempts to demonstrate the effects of actions taken by the Polish government since 2015, which were aimed at improving the situation on the precariat labour market.In order to determine the extent to which the current government in Poland affects the social security of the precariat and satisfies their needs by taking social welfare action and implementing indirect operations related to education, a questionnaire was used, conducted via the Internet, involving a survey panel of respondents. In this study, a stratified-quota sample selection was used, corresponding to the proportions of people working on the basis of various flexible forms of fixed-term employment and self-employment.One thousand respondents employed on flexible terms participated in the study. The study was carried out at the turn of March/April 2021.
Michael Burawoy’s writings lay a foundation for critical sociologies of immigration, social movements, race, and postcolonial society. To realize these promises, however, it will be necessary to ...reconstruct Burawoy, as he has done with the theories of so many others. In this piece, I trace my own engagements with Burawoy in three areas: migrant labor, the politics of economic precarity, and postcolonial and racial transformations. For each area, I show how Burawoy laid a foundation for subsequent analysis, which I sought to take forward in my own work. These reconstructions reveal just how valuable Burawoy’s theories are to the advancement of critical sociology.
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