Neolithic settlements of the Upper Tigris Basin, prehistoric human-animal and environmental relations provide very important data from past to present. Zooarchaeological studies have been carried out ...in the Upper Tigris Basin from the 1980s to the present, at various times and for various purposes. Among them are the settlements of Körtiktepe, Hallan Çemi, Gusir Höyük, Hasankeyf Höyük, Demirköy, Çemka Höyük and Boncuklu Tarla from the PrePottery Neolithic (PPN) Period, while the settlements of Çayönü from the Pottery Neolithic period (PN), Next to Salat Mosque, referee Use, Sumak Höyük and Kerkuşti Höyük. The faunal remains of which zooarchaeological studies were carried out in these Neolithic settlements are approximately 55,046. In addition to the faunal remains, there are micro and macrobotanical remains that provide an understanding of the environmental conditions of the period, housing structures showing their social organizations, stone tool industries related to hunting factors and symbolic products showing the forms of belief, nutrition. The fauna, flora, architecture, tomb, symbolism and stone tool remains found in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and Pottery Neolithic settlements allowed the human-animal-environment relations of the Basin to be reconsidered and examined. This study focuses on the nutritional habits of the first inhabitants of the Upper Tigris basin, as well as the development of their relations with animals in the transition from hunting to pastoralism. In addition, ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological, ethno-zoo-archaeological and anthrozoological data were used to support human-animal relations of prehistoric Neolithic societies. In general, in this study, it is aimed to contribute to the prehistoric literature by presenting a new perspective on the Anatolian Neolithic, especially the West Asian Neolithic.
This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the historical and scientific context of the development of early research in the prehistory of Egypt. In particular, it explores to what ...extent the construction of prehistory as a field in Egypt at the beginning of the 20th century has been influenced by the European model of prehistory, by focusing on two case studies, which are the works of Paul Bovier– Lapierre in the Abbassieh region, near Cairo, and the works of Edmond Vignard in the Kom Ombo region.
This article begins when Jean Perrot (1920–2012), a young French archaeologist, arrives in British Mandate Palestine, at the end of the Second World War. Retracing his career and presenting the ...Israeli institutions and networks he relied on allows us to measure his role in the shaping of the field of prehistory during the formative years of the State of Israel. This takes us back in time, to the origins of the French prehistoric–presence in Palestine in the 19th century and its evolution during the British Mandate times. Lastly, this contextualized approach, on the longue durée, contributes to the history of the establishment, in Jerusalem, of a new French research structure dedicated to prehistory in the second half of the 20th century.
Following the recovery of the collections from D. Berciu’s excavations in Ceamurlia de Jos and Baia – Golovița, the lithic industries have been subjected to a characterization of the materials and to ...a technological and typological study. The exploitation focused mainly on local materials knapped on site, but the sites are also integrated into the circulation networks of semi finished products. The question of microlithism of Mesolithic origin is debated.
Nearly 20 years ago I presented a brief historiographical overview of the so-called Vatina culture. Being published in Romanian, the article had a limited distribution. My concluding remarks on the ...so-called Corneşti-Crvenka group were the only ones noticed, probably because they were included in the English summary. Now I found it useful to publish in English this historiographical work concerning the Vatina culture, because it is still relevant today and can be the basis for future discussions concerning the Middle Bronze Age in the historical Banat.
In-depth knowledge of the sources of supply of lithic and non-lithic raw materials, used in Neolithic and Eneolithic sites, represents one of the important challenges of archaeological, ...archaeometric, geological research, in a continuous multi- and interdisciplinary approach. In this sense, for the multilateral investigation of Neolithic and Eneolithic lithic tools, the establishment and operationalization of microzonal and regional archaeological lithothecs is essential.
In the present work, the author presents a brief history of archaeological lithothecs and their current status worldwide and the Romanian experience in this field. In order to achieve an applied treatment, it shows what were the concerns related to the petroarchaeological research on the Neolithic and Eneolithic lithic artifacts discovered in the Neamt subcarpathian depressions and pleads for the necessity and importance of creating a microzonal archaeological lithotheque (Cracău-Bistrița and Neamț-Topolița Depression), focusing - and the approach to the last geographical subunit, as a necessary condition for making real steps forward in this complex field.
The article presents new radiocarbon datings made for a funeral complex from Malice, site 1, located on the Sandomierz Upland and related to the Globular Amphora culture. The complex included at ...least two human graves (features no. 32 and 33) and two animal deposits or sacrificial pits (no. 31 and probably 54). Feature 32 was a collective grave including five burials (of a male, a female and three children), while in Feature 33 the only one disarticulated human skeleton has been excavated. Pit 31 contained at least three animal individuals. It is possible the unexamined Pit 54 also contained animal depositions. The described features probably formed two clusters, each of which included a human grave and an accompanying pit with animal deposits. Altogether ten radiocarbon dates were obtained with the dated bone samples coming from five human skeletons found in Graves 32 and 33, and animal remains from Pit 31. The calibration results point to the first half of the 3rd millennium BC and stay between 2909 and 2472 BC (with the probability of 95.4%) or more precisely between 2898 and 2490 BC (probability of 68.2%). However, thanks to the stratigraphic documentation it was possible to determine that five deceased from Feature 32 were buried in three phases most likely to ca. 2850–2750 BC. It is highly probable that individual burials were separated by short time intervals. A similar age should be adopted for Feature 31 – a sacrificial pit linked to Grave 32. However, it is not possible to determine with any certainty the age of Grave 33: it could have been contemporaneous with, or slightly younger (ca 2620–2500 BC) than Feature 32.
The influx of new data challenge existing divisions and schemes of archeological units such as the so-called “transitional industries” between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic or the Early Upper ...Paleolithic. An example of such an industry is Szeletian. After almost 70 years since this word was coined, it is still uncertain what characterizes this industry. To resolve these issues, we need to re-assess the inventory of known Szeletian sites. Across the geographical range of the Szeletian, sites from Poland have not been adequately studied. The analysis of available data showed significant heterogeneity among Szeletian sites in Poland, especially in terms of the distinguishing feature – the leaf points. The next issue is the problem of the distinction between Szeletian, Jerzmanowician, Bohunician, and Jankovichian. In the case of Poland, it is even more challenging because of small assemblages, uncertain context, and lack of publications concerning Szeletian sites.
By 2019 more than 70 sites had been discovered in the area of the High Bieszczady Mountains, most of them located within the Połonina Wetlińska massif. The sites discovered in 2017-2019 constitute ...two groups: sites represented by (1) single artefacts (Wetlina 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, Bukowska Pass, site 1) and (2) small series of artefacts (Wetlina 54, 55, 60, 62). Both groups include artefacts datable to the Late Neolithic and the Bronze Age. Moreover, there are no sufficient grounds to claim homogeneity of assemblages found in Wetlina 54, 55, 60 and 62. It is possible that at least some of these sites could have been used many times during the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. These finds confirm seasonal use of the High Bieszczady for grazing animals, probably within a system similar to the transhumant pastoralism practiced in European mountains.
