Amaç: Bu çalışmada, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Parazitoloji Laboratuvarı’na başvuran hastalarda saptanan parazitler geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilerek parazit ...dağılımlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Parazit incelemesi için gönderilen dışkı örneklerine serum fizyolojik ve dışkı lugolü ile direkt bakı yöntemi uygulanmış, selofan bant örnekleri ise mikroskobik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Protozoon varlığı açısından şüphelenilen örnekler ise modifiye asit fast ve trikrom boyama yöntemi ile boyanarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda Ocak 2012 - Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında laboratuvarımıza başvuran hastaların parazitolojik inceleme sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Başvuran 20,948 hastanın %2,96’sının dışkısında parazit tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek oranda saptanan bağırsak paraziti Blastocystis spp.’dir (%63,23). Takiben sıklık sırasına göre %17,26 Giardia intestinalis, %12,58 Enterobius vermicularis, %2,42 Taenia saginata, %1,94 Cryptosporidium spp. ve %1,45 Entamoeba histolytica/dispar saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bağırsak parazit enfeksiyonlarının görülme oranları önceki yıllara göre azalma gösterse de günümüzde halen önemini korumaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle, bağırsak parazitlerinin prevalansının azaltılması için; alt yapı sorunlarının giderilmesi, kişisel hijyen ve sanitasyon kuralları hakkında bilgi verilmesi gelecek yıllar için önem taşımaktadır.
Objective:Despite a prevailing assumption that adult ADHD is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, no prospective longitudinal study has described the childhoods of the adult ADHD ...population. The authors report follow-back analyses of ADHD cases diagnosed in adulthood, alongside follow-forward analyses of ADHD cases diagnosed in childhood, in one cohort.Method:Participants belonged to a representative birth cohort of 1,037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972 and 1973 and followed to age 38, with 95% retention. Symptoms of ADHD, associated clinical features, comorbid disorders, neuropsychological deficits, genome-wide association study-derived polygenic risk, and life impairment indicators were assessed. Data sources were participants, parents, teachers, informants, neuropsychological test results, and administrative records. Adult ADHD diagnoses used DSM-5 criteria, apart from onset age and cross-setting corroboration, which were study outcome measures.Results:As expected, childhood ADHD had a prevalence of 6% (predominantly male) and was associated with childhood comorbid disorders, neurocognitive deficits, polygenic risk, and residual adult life impairment. Also as expected, adult ADHD had a prevalence of 3% (gender balanced) and was associated with adult substance dependence, adult life impairment, and treatment contact. Unexpectedly, the childhood ADHD and adult ADHD groups comprised virtually nonoverlapping sets; 90% of adult ADHD cases lacked a history of childhood ADHD. Also unexpectedly, the adult ADHD group did not show tested neuropsychological deficits in childhood or adulthood, nor did they show polygenic risk for childhood ADHD.Conclusions:The findings raise the possibility that adults presenting with the ADHD symptom picture may not have a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder. If this finding is replicated, then the disorder’s place in the classification system must be reconsidered, and research must investigate the etiology of adult ADHD.
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en Venezuela y a nivel mundial, vinculado estrechamente con factores de riesgo modificables, que a su vez ...tienen relación con el nivel de conocimiento que maneja la población acerca de los mismos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, cuyo objetivo fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre Hipertensión Arterial en pacientes adultos que acudieron al ambulatorio “Br. Eutimio Rivas”, en la comunidad de Pinto Salinas, Municipio Libertador – Caracas, en el período junio-julio, 2023. La muestra estuvo constituida por pacientes hipertensos y no hipertensos de ambos sexos, a partir de los 35 años, a los cuales se les pidió contestar un cuestionario estandarizado.
Introducción. La prevalencia de regurgitación infantil en niños latinoamericanos está entre el 8% y el 9,4% según los criterios de Roma III. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de regurgitación ...infantil en niños latinoamericanos según los criterios de Roma IV y sus posibles asociaciones.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de prevalencia, realizado en siete países latinoamericanos. Se utilizó la base de datos de la Functional International Digestive Epidemiological Research Survey para seleccionar la muestra. Se incluyeron en el estudio niños menores de 12 meses que fueron diagnosticados con regurgitación infantil mediante el Cuestionario de Síntomas Gastrointestinales Pediátricos Roma IV.
Resultados. Se analizaron 1802 lactantes (80,7% de América del Sur; 6,7±3,8 meses de edad). Se diagnosticó regurgitación infantil en 6,8% (52,5% mujeres; 39,8% mestizos; 46,7% colombianos). La edad pico fue 6 meses de vida. Hubo mayor probabilidad de presentar regurgitación infantil en los lactantes entre 1 y 6 meses de edad, de raza indígena, de Centroamérica, nacidos por cesárea, prematuros, atendidos en instituciones públicas, por gastroenterólogos pediatras y durante la pandemia del Covid-19. Hubo menor probabilidad de presentar regurgitación infantil en los lactantes con alimentación complementaria.
Conclusión. La regurgitación infantil es frecuente en lactantes latinoamericanos. La prevalencia es menor comparativamente a lo descripto en otros países, con factores de riesgo como raza, origen, cesárea, prematuridad, sitio y nivel de atención, y pandemia de COVID-19. El factor protector es la alimentación complementaria.
Recent genomic studies have identified chromosomal rearrangements defining new subtypes of B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), however many cases lack a known initiating genetic ...alteration. Using integrated genomic analysis of 1,988 childhood and adult cases, we describe a revised taxonomy of B-ALL incorporating 23 subtypes defined by chromosomal rearrangements, sequence mutations or heterogeneous genomic alterations, many of which show marked variation in prevalence according to age. Two subtypes have frequent alterations of the B lymphoid transcription-factor gene PAX5. One, PAX5alt (7.4%), has diverse PAX5 alterations (rearrangements, intragenic amplifications or mutations); a second subtype is defined by PAX5 p.Pro80Arg and biallelic PAX5 alterations. We show that p.Pro80Arg impairs B lymphoid development and promotes the development of B-ALL with biallelic Pax5 alteration in vivo. These results demonstrate the utility of transcriptome sequencing to classify B-ALL and reinforce the central role of PAX5 as a checkpoint in B lymphoid maturation and leukemogenesis.
Accumulating data suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in younger people (aged <40 years), referred to as young-onset T2DM, has a more rapid deterioration of β-cell function than is seen in ...later-onset T2DM. Furthermore, individuals with young-onset T2DM seem to have a higher risk of complications than those with type 1 diabetes mellitus. As the number of younger adults with T2DM increases, young-onset T2DM is predicted to become a more frequent feature of the broader diabetes mellitus population in both developing and developed nations, particularly in certain ethnicities. However, the magnitude of excess risk of premature death and incident complications remains incompletely understood; likewise, the potential reasons for this excess risk are unclear. Here, we review the evidence pertaining to young-onset T2DM and its current and future burden of disease in terms of incidence and prevalence in both developed and developing nations. In addition, we highlight the associations of young-onset T2DM with premature mortality and morbidity.
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