Resumen Las bases institucionales y fundamentales aprobadas por el Congreso para regular el nuevo proceso constituyente incluyen una cláusula de bien común, también introducida en el anteproyecto ...aprobado por la Comisión Experta. Con base en el método histórico y comparado y siguiendo el Derecho Interamericano, la cláusula del bien común debe interpretarse para sostener dos conclusiones: (i) los mandatos transformadores del Estado social deben interpretarse considerando la capacidad estatal y el principio de progresividad, y (ii) el Estado social debe interpretarse desde la centralidad de la dignidad humana. Esas conclusiones podrían evitar algunos excesos presentes en el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano.
The use of extraterritorial jurisdiction of competition law, based on the effect doctrine, has long been debated. This paper discusses the application of extraterritorial jurisdiction to Indonesian ...competition law. Competition law in Indonesia applies to any collusive or abusive behaviour that has a necessary effect on the business and economy spheres, regardless of the nationality or geographic location of the company or where the occurred conduct. This study employs a normative juridical method to analyse legal norms and principles. The approaches used include a statutory approach, a comparative law approach, and a case approach. This study reveals that the regulations concerning the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition have not explicitly regulated extraterritorial norms in Indonesia. However, the Business Competition Supervisory Commission makes legal breakthroughs by applying the extraterritorial principle to resolve the involvement of foreign business actors and impose penalties on them. This article argues that Indonesia significantly needs to amend its competition law and increase cooperation with other countries to enforce the competition law.
The article is focused on studying a video lecture as a component of modern digital educational resources. This topic is considered relevant because online learning is becoming an integral part and a ...tangible basis of modern education. Meanwhile, urgent move to remote learning because of the pandemic revealed a number of pending issues related to the principles of creating video content for digital educational resources. This problem is of special significance in philological education. This is due to the amount of educational information and metadisciplinary level of its presenting.The article outlines the problems associated with the implementation of online learning, and their impact on the lectures’ content and presentation. A set of issues related to creating video lectures for digital educational resources on historical and literary academic disciplines is examined. Firstly, it is the issue of selecting information for a video lecture, which is supposed to be both concise and informative. This issue is so relevant for the course of history of literature because academic disciplines of such kind involve a large amount of information that cannot be reduced to short logical constructions. Secondly, it is the issue of visual information corresponding to text resources. Here apt models of partial duplication, expansion and partial presenting of information, etc., are considered. Thirdly, not only the content, but also the form of presentation is becoming a significant issue. The principles of creating a video lecture aimed at maintaining a sustainable interest in the video content and in the studied topic are observed.
Random Boolean Networks (RBNs for short) are strongly simplified models of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which have also been widely studied as abstract models of complex systems and have been ...used to simulate different phenomena. We define the "common sea" (CS) as the set of nodes that take the same value in all the attractors of a given network realization, and the "specific part" (SP) as the set of all the other nodes, and we study their properties in different ensembles, generated with different parameter values. Both the CS and of the SP can be composed of one or more weakly connected components, which are emergent intermediate-level structures. We show that the study of these sets provides very important information about the behavior of the model. The distribution of distances between attractors is also examined. Moreover, we show how the notion of a "common sea" of genes can be used to analyze data from single-cell experiments.
Assessment of biodistribution and specific tumor accumulation is essential for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and requires animal experiments. The HET-CAM (hens-egg test—chorioallantoic ...membrane) model can be used in combination with the non-invasive imaging modalities PET and MRI for pre-selection during radiopharmaceutical development to reduce the number of animal experiments required. Critical to the acceptance of this model is the demonstration of the quantifiability and reproducibility of these data compared to the standard animal model. Tumor accumulation and biodistribution of the PSMA-specific radiotracer 18FF-siPSMA-14 was analyzed in the chick embryo and in an immunodeficient mouse model. Evaluation was based on MRI and PET data in both models. γ-counter measurements and histopathological analyses complemented these data. PSMA-specific accumulation of 18FF-siPSMA-14 was successfully demonstrated in the HET-CAM model, similar to the results obtained by mouse model studies. The combination of MR and PET imaging allowed precise quantification of peptide accumulation, initial assessment of biodistribution, and accurate determination of tumor volume. Thus, the use of the HET-CAM model is suitable for the pre-selection of new radiopharmaceuticals and potentially reduces animal testing in line with the 3Rs principles of animal welfare.
The research was conducted using a survey research design following the guidelines of Research Advisor (2007). The study examined the school principals’ perceptions about satisfaction and ...dissatisfaction with teacher performance regarding student development. Student development was dealt with as a comprehensive construct implying teacher efforts for academic achievement and personality development of students. The respondents comprised 300 principals of senior secondary schools in Kaduna State. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using simple frequencies and by calculating the mean and standard deviation. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to test the research hypotheses. All null hypotheses were rejected and research hypotheses were accepted concluding that there were significant differences between the perceptions of principals regarding teacher performance. The most interesting results were about teachers’ experience; principals expressed more satisfaction with highly experienced (more than 10 years) and less experienced teachers (less than 5 years) as compared to the middle group (5-10 years). These findings initiate a serious debate about whether or not teacher experience matters. Whereas the stakeholders of secondary school education are baptized upon to guarantee that senior teachers are better performers and most eligible for leadership roles, the findings suggest that young teachers can also impress their principals by their performance and are equally eligible for leadership roles to work for holistic student development.
We propose principal differential analysis based classification methods. Computations of squared multiple correlation function (RSQ) and principal differential analysis (PDA) scores are reviewed; in ...addition, we combine principal differential analysis results with the logistic regression for binary classification. In the numerical study, we compare the principal differential analysis based classification methods with functional principal component analysis based classification. Various scenarios are considered in a simulation study, and principal differential analysis based classification methods classify the functional data well. Gene expression data is considered for real data analysis. We observe that the PDA score based method also performs well.
Abstract
We conducted a replication of Shafir (1993) who showed that people are inconsistent in their preferences when faced with choosing versus rejecting decision-making scenarios. The effect was ...demonstrated using an enrichment paradigm, asking subjects to choose between enriched and impoverished alternatives, with enriched alternatives having more positive and negative features than the impoverished alternative. Using eight different decision scenarios, Shafir found support for a compatibility principle: subjects chose and rejected enriched alternatives in choose and reject decision scenarios (
d
= 0.32 0.23,0.40), respectively, and indicated greater preference for the enriched alternative in the choice task than in the rejection task (
d
= 0.38 0.29,0.46). In a preregistered very close replication of the original study (
N
= 1026), we found no consistent support for the hypotheses across the eight problems: two had similar effects, two had opposite effects, and four showed no effects (overall
d
= −0.01 −0.06,0.03). Seeking alternative explanations, we tested an extension, and found support for the accentuation hypothesis.
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