Background
With the rapid rise in COVID 19 cases incomparable to the number of vaccinations available, there has been a demand to prioritize the older age groups receiving the vaccine as they have ...more risk of morbidity and mortality and thus better outcome from vaccination.
Main body
Some studies showed a lower seroconversion rate in older group patients; thus, we discuss the necessity to reprioritize vaccinations to younger age groups who have better seroconversion rates, but we may face some ethical dilemma that could hinder our hypothesis. Decreased seroconversion rates in adults are attributable to immuno-senescence which involves a decrease in humoral and cellular-mediated immunity with age. Despite this fact, there remains some ethical dilemma that can hinder widespread vaccination of younger generations, the most important of which is the unknown long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccines due their fast-tracking under the pressure of the pandemic.
Short conclusion
Prioritizing children vaccination against COVID-19 seems an interesting strategy that can help in containing the pandemic. Resolving some ethical dilemma needs to be done before implementing such strategy.
The main goal of proactive security is to prevent attacks before they happen. In modern information systems it largely depends on the vulnerability management process, where prioritization is one of ...the key steps. A widely used prioritization policy based only upon a common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) score is frequently criticised for bad effectiveness. The main reason is that the CVSS score alone is not a good predictor of vulnerability exploitation in the wild. Therefore, the aim of the research in this field is to determine in what way we can improve our prediction abilities. Clearly, software vulnerabilities are commodities used by attackers. Hence, it makes sense considering their characteristics in vulnerability prioritization. In contrast, one should be able to measure and compare the effectiveness of various policies. Therefore, an important goal of this paper was to develop an evaluation model, which would allow such comparisons. For this purpose, we developed an agent-based simulation model which measures the exposure of information system to exploitable vulnerabilities. Besides, some policies which take into account human threats were defined and then compared with the most popular existing methods. Experimental results imply that the proposed policy, which is based on CVSS vectors and attacker characteristics, achieves the highest effectiveness among existing methods.
The revised Organ Transplant Law in Japan that took effect in July 2010 allows organ procurement from brain-dead individuals, including children, only with family consent. The amended law also allows ...individuals to prioritize family members to receive their donated organs after death. This policy differs from the prioritization policy in Israel, which provides incentives to individuals who agree to help each other in society and rectifies the problem of free riders, individuals who are willing to accept an organ but refuse to donate. Despite these differences, however, the Japanese and Israeli policies have revealed new ethical dilemmas, including the fear of compromising fairness in organ allocation.
This paper argues that Home Area Networks (HANs) are a good candidate for advanced network management automation techniques, such as Policy-Based Network Management (PBNM). What is proposed is a ...simple use of policy based network management to introduce some level of Quality of Service (QoS) and Security management in the HAN, whilst hiding this complexity from the home user. In this paper we have presented the interim test results of our research experiments (based on a scenario) using the HAN testbed. After using policies to prioritize different traffic, packet loss decreased to 30% and VoIP quality improved dramatically without employing any intelligent bandwidth allocation technique.
Abstract This review aims to bring together current evidence on the impact of chronic pain in terms of its economic costs, cost to healthcare services and benefit agencies, and quality of life, and ...to discuss the implications of this for government policies. Quantifying the burden and cost of pain is challenging due to its multi-factorial nature and wide reaching effects. Nonetheless, there is a consensus that chronic pain has a significant impact on levels of resources across society and on quality of life. Pain is a complex bio-psychosocial experience and chronic pain is a consequence, in part, of adopting a narrow biomedical treatment approach to a problem which requires a multi-disciplinary approach to address the psychosocial, behavioural and biomedical aspects of pain. Although effective pain management interventions and programmes exist, provision of these services is inconsistent, and chronic pain is not given the priority it requires in view of the extent of its burden on individuals and society. Current relevant government policies in UK are discussed to highlight the need to prioritise pain and adopt a whole-systems approach to its management if governments are to successfully reduce its cost and burden.
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