•We study how mimetic and coercive institutional pressures change the effect of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity on product exploration.•We argue that the benefits of a heterogeneous TMT for ...product exploration are higher in institutional environments characterized by higher levels of complexity; complexity that is created by conflicting institutional pressures.•We find that the effect of TMT heterogeneity on product exploration is stronger when mimetic and coercive pressures are inconsistent (i.e. one is high and the other is low).•In contrast, the relationship between TMT heterogeneity and product exploration is significantly reduced when mimetic and coercive pressures are aligned. This occurs because consistent pressures create an environment of lower complexity for the TMT.
Past research suggests that although heterogeneity in the top management team (TMT) is associated with exploratory innovation, this may be contingent on factors in the firm’s external environment. In this study, we examine how mimetic and coercive institutional pressures moderate the relationship between TMT heterogeneity and product exploration. Using data obtained from 141 U.S. manufacturers, we show that this relationship is stronger when mimetic and coercive pressures are conflicting. We argue that this occurs because inconsistency between these institutional pressures creates a complex decision-making situation for the TMT. In such situations, a heterogeneous TMT is beneficial. The opposite result occurs when these pressures are consistent (e.g., both are high). Our results have implications for research and decisions regarding TMT composition and exploration strategies. They also highlight the need to appreciate the varied influences of institutional pressures on the firm.
Lycium ruthenicum Murray possesses significant applications in both food and medicine, including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and various other effects. Consequently, ...there has been a surge in research endeavors dedicated to exploring its potential benefits, necessitating the organization and synthesis of these findings. This article systematically reviews the extraction and content determination methods of active substances such as polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in LRM in the past five years, as well as some active ingredient composition determination methods, biological activities, and product development. This review is divided into three main parts: extraction and determination methods, their bioactivity, and product development. Building upon prior research, we also delve into the economic and medicinal value of Lycium ruthenicum Murray, thereby contributing significantly to its further exploration and development. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for advancing research on Lycium ruthenicum Murray.
Research summary: Existing research describes a broad range of determinants of new product development (NPD), a fundamental competitive activity of firms. A considerable share of this work has ...occurred in the context of developed economies, raising a concern that some important determinants may remain unexamined. We suggest that one such determinant is competition from informal (unregistered) firms. Drawing from the attention-based view, we investigate the effects of informal competition on NPD in a large sample of firms located across Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We examine not only the direct effect but also how this effect is moderated by characteristics of the competitive and institutional context. Managerial summary: The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between competition from informal (unregistered) firms and new product development (NPD) by formal firms. We argue that NPD is an effective response to differentiate from informal firms, and our analyses of over 9,000 firms located in emerging economies across Eastern Europe and Central Asia indicate that NPD activities are more likely in formal firms who rate informal competition as a greater obstacle. The strength of this direct relationship depends on aspects of the competitive and institutional environment: it is weakened when levels of competition from other formal firms are higher, when alternative responses such as corruption are more available, and when managers are more optimistic about the regulatory environment.
La presente investigación desarrolla un dispositivo que desecha las heces de los caninos sin hacer uso de bolsas plásticas. A partir de una metodología mixta de desarrollo de producto, se ...determinaron las necesidades primordiales que se deben satisfacer, se encontró que el usuario necesita un producto que facilite el desecho de las heces de perro, amigable con el medio ambiente, higiénico, versátil, duradero, cómodo para su uso y seguro. Con base en lo anterior se establecieron las características finales del dispositivo, las cuales son evidenciadas mediante un prototipo estético CAD, el cual cumple con los rangos definidos de las especificaciones dictadas en la investigación, aportando así una solución al problema de desechar las heces de los perros sin hacer uso de bolsas plásticas.
PurposeThe study aims to explore the critical approaches adopted by innovative organizations and to build an environment of trust between the multiple stakeholders collaborating for new product ...development (NPD).Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach is adopted in this study. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from the wood product industry in Quebec, Canada. These organizations have successfully adopted the latest technological developments and have developed a strong collaboration with their stakeholders.FindingsThe study identified eleven strategies for the innovative organizations that included early involvement of the stakeholders in the design process, developing long-term relationships and fostering a transparent environment using Industry 4.0 technologies. A novel framework for using this strategy is presented with three stages of application, namely, planning, enactment and review.Practical implicationsInter-organizational collaborations in NPD are more successful when imbued with trust. The NPD strategies must allow innovative organizations to achieve a balanced ecosystem in which value created through the adaption of new technology can be thoroughly captured through commercialization on time with no field failure.Originality/valueThe study adds to the body of knowledge in stakeholder theory and NPD research and practice.
Enterprises must become 'sensing, smart and sustainable (S
3
)' to face global challenges related to local, national and global market dynamics. Therefore, reconceptualisation and redesign in these ...enterprises must accommodate emergent technologies, new practices and strategies. In this sense, enterprises have used new product development as a strategy for remaining competitive in the marketplace; thus, they can provide a new generation of products offering solutions to contemporary social problems and responding to changing consumer demands. These new-generation products are mostly technology-based and consider sustainable objectives. In this context, concepts such as sensing, smart and sustainable products (S
3
products) have emerged to satisfy different social requirements. Therefore, this work focuses on providing a reference framework that presents a systematic process for the development of S
3
products. This reference framework is based on the integrated product, process and manufacturing system development reference model. The main objective of this work is to fill the gap vis-à-vis the current lack of design roadmaps that permit the development of this new generation of products in S
3
enterprises. The development of a reconfigurable micro-machine tool is presented as that of an S
3
product.
Rescue aircraft are used to expedite evacuation and provide advanced support to victims. Compared to boat or land rescue, helicopters provide quick access and aerial viewing during the search. In ...this sense, this study aims to contribute to the work of the military police in rescue situations, increasing the carrying capacity during the lifting of victims and providing security during the operation. For that, with the aid of the PDP (Product Development Process) methodologies, a device for lifting loads was developed, with a capacity of 4000 N, properly dimensioned and easy to handle. The experimental procedure continued with the PDP methodologies linked to the CAx system as a guide. Using the combination of these tools, it was possible to develop a solution that allowed the lifting of victims from the outside of the helicopter and ensured the safety of the professionals involved during the operation.
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