Lycium ruthenicum Murray possesses significant applications in both food and medicine, including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and various other effects. Consequently, ...there has been a surge in research endeavors dedicated to exploring its potential benefits, necessitating the organization and synthesis of these findings. This article systematically reviews the extraction and content determination methods of active substances such as polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in LRM in the past five years, as well as some active ingredient composition determination methods, biological activities, and product development. This review is divided into three main parts: extraction and determination methods, their bioactivity, and product development. Building upon prior research, we also delve into the economic and medicinal value of Lycium ruthenicum Murray, thereby contributing significantly to its further exploration and development. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for advancing research on Lycium ruthenicum Murray.
The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) was introduced by NASA in 1974 to measure the technical maturity of equipment deployment in space missions. It has since been widely adopted for the assessment of ...technical readiness in novel products and systems across many sectors. But TRL does not capture all the dimensions needed to assess the maturity and suitability for production of a given product concept. Additional metrics have been proposed to measure other design parameters, but we note the lack of a comprehensive mechanism capable of assessing together all the parameters that affect the potential for success or failure of a product. In this article we propose the novel Multi-Index Analysis (MIA) methodology that maps existing metrics onto one comprehensive single index. In this work we demonstrate the application of MIA with 10 known metrics comprising 39 design dimensions to demonstrate that this approach enables a multi-factor analysis that is not possible with individual metrics. We detail four general cases for the application of this index including the single evaluation of one or more product design concepts, and the multiple evaluations of one or more product concepts made over time. Multiple evaluations yield trend data and this can aid in predicting the likely success of a product concept over its lifecycle. Modelling and predicting the evolution of MIA scores for different product concepts at an early stage of design enables an optimum solution to be selected and crafted. We provide a software tool to enable convenient MIA assessment.
La presente investigación desarrolla un dispositivo que desecha las heces de los caninos sin hacer uso de bolsas plásticas. A partir de una metodología mixta de desarrollo de producto, se ...determinaron las necesidades primordiales que se deben satisfacer, se encontró que el usuario necesita un producto que facilite el desecho de las heces de perro, amigable con el medio ambiente, higiénico, versátil, duradero, cómodo para su uso y seguro. Con base en lo anterior se establecieron las características finales del dispositivo, las cuales son evidenciadas mediante un prototipo estético CAD, el cual cumple con los rangos definidos de las especificaciones dictadas en la investigación, aportando así una solución al problema de desechar las heces de los perros sin hacer uso de bolsas plásticas.
Research summary: Existing research describes a broad range of determinants of new product development (NPD), a fundamental competitive activity of firms. A considerable share of this work has ...occurred in the context of developed economies, raising a concern that some important determinants may remain unexamined. We suggest that one such determinant is competition from informal (unregistered) firms. Drawing from the attention-based view, we investigate the effects of informal competition on NPD in a large sample of firms located across Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We examine not only the direct effect but also how this effect is moderated by characteristics of the competitive and institutional context. Managerial summary: The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between competition from informal (unregistered) firms and new product development (NPD) by formal firms. We argue that NPD is an effective response to differentiate from informal firms, and our analyses of over 9,000 firms located in emerging economies across Eastern Europe and Central Asia indicate that NPD activities are more likely in formal firms who rate informal competition as a greater obstacle. The strength of this direct relationship depends on aspects of the competitive and institutional environment: it is weakened when levels of competition from other formal firms are higher, when alternative responses such as corruption are more available, and when managers are more optimistic about the regulatory environment.
Let and be von Neumann algebras. For , define by the skew Lie (Jordan) product of and . In this manuscript, we study a bijective mapping satisfying for all . Especially, we elaborate on the ...characteristics of the map Λ . The study revealed several constructive facts, leading to the conclusion that the map Λ is additive.
•We study how mimetic and coercive institutional pressures change the effect of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity on product exploration.•We argue that the benefits of a heterogeneous TMT for ...product exploration are higher in institutional environments characterized by higher levels of complexity; complexity that is created by conflicting institutional pressures.•We find that the effect of TMT heterogeneity on product exploration is stronger when mimetic and coercive pressures are inconsistent (i.e. one is high and the other is low).•In contrast, the relationship between TMT heterogeneity and product exploration is significantly reduced when mimetic and coercive pressures are aligned. This occurs because consistent pressures create an environment of lower complexity for the TMT.
Past research suggests that although heterogeneity in the top management team (TMT) is associated with exploratory innovation, this may be contingent on factors in the firm’s external environment. In this study, we examine how mimetic and coercive institutional pressures moderate the relationship between TMT heterogeneity and product exploration. Using data obtained from 141 U.S. manufacturers, we show that this relationship is stronger when mimetic and coercive pressures are conflicting. We argue that this occurs because inconsistency between these institutional pressures creates a complex decision-making situation for the TMT. In such situations, a heterogeneous TMT is beneficial. The opposite result occurs when these pressures are consistent (e.g., both are high). Our results have implications for research and decisions regarding TMT composition and exploration strategies. They also highlight the need to appreciate the varied influences of institutional pressures on the firm.
Enterprises must become 'sensing, smart and sustainable (S
3
)' to face global challenges related to local, national and global market dynamics. Therefore, reconceptualisation and redesign in these ...enterprises must accommodate emergent technologies, new practices and strategies. In this sense, enterprises have used new product development as a strategy for remaining competitive in the marketplace; thus, they can provide a new generation of products offering solutions to contemporary social problems and responding to changing consumer demands. These new-generation products are mostly technology-based and consider sustainable objectives. In this context, concepts such as sensing, smart and sustainable products (S
3
products) have emerged to satisfy different social requirements. Therefore, this work focuses on providing a reference framework that presents a systematic process for the development of S
3
products. This reference framework is based on the integrated product, process and manufacturing system development reference model. The main objective of this work is to fill the gap vis-à-vis the current lack of design roadmaps that permit the development of this new generation of products in S
3
enterprises. The development of a reconfigurable micro-machine tool is presented as that of an S
3
product.
Context: "Miracle tree" palm tree (Borassus flabellifer) is a traditional plant with multiple health benefits. Sprouts are rich in dietary fibers which help in boosting digestive functions. They also ...contain good amount of enzymes which are generally not available through food. Aims: The aim of present work is to highlight the importance of these underutilized palmyrah sprouts by converting them into flour along with its utilization in new product development. This flour was utilized for development of a popular bakery product − muffins. Settings and Design: For the preparation of muffins, palmyrah flour was combined with refined wheat flour in different ratios (30%, 40%, 50% and 60%). Methods and Material: The physico-chemical properties and proximate composition of the flour were calculated by standard methods. The final product was evaluated based on its physical properties like pH, color, texture, and its proximate composition. Statistical Analysis: The obtained values were statistically calculated as Mean ± SD and student's t-test analysis been carried out to find the level of significance (P < 0.05). Results: The crude fibre content of the palmyrah sprout flour was significantly higher (5.08%) compared to regular whole wheat flour (0.52%). The water activity value of the palmyrah sprout flour was found to be 0.55, which is less compared to wheat flour and hence appropriate to enhance the shelf life of the product. From the sensory results, the muffin with 50% palmyrah sprout flour was found to be most acceptable. Also, the proximate composition of the new palmyrah muffin was found to be favorable compared with refined wheat muffins. Conclusions: The present study included the incorporation of palmyrah sprout flour in muffins at increasing concentrations in order to select the most desirable muffin. The results of sensory and physical analysis of the final selected muffin i.e. the one containing 50% palmyrah sprout flour demonstrated that this flour enhances the nutritional quality of muffins. Thus, the incorporation of palmyrah sprouts flour can be studied for other such value-added products.
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