This study examines a dual-channel supply chain structure, in which the retailer and e-commerce platform can free ride the other’s sales efforts and the e-commerce platform can provide online finance ...services to the capital-constrained supplier. This study proves that bidirectional free riding under online finance can provide extra benefits to supply chain participants such as boosting total market share and enhancing participants’ profits. Through the formulation of a comprehensive model incorporating the price substitution effect, the positive effect of free riding and the negative effect of being free ridden, and different sales efforts and associated cost factors, we examine the impacts of free-riding behavior and online finance adoption on optimal pricing, efforts, and quantity, as well as on channel structure, market share, and pricing competition. We found that, in the same free-riding scenario, more retailer and e-commerce platform efforts lead to higher pricing. Being free ridden motivates participants to input more effort. Our study proves connections exist between free riding and online finance. We find the adoption of online finance between the supplier and e-commerce platform influences the retailer’s efforts input and that the free-riding phenomenon between the retailer and e-commerce platform affects the supplier’s willingness to accept online finance. We also extend our analytics to different scenarios with stochastic demand or limited loan-offering options. This study’s findings can guide firms to better implement efforts and pricing, adjust channel structure and use online finance to increase profits.
The ever increasing pressure to conserve the environment from global warming cannot be overemphasized. Emission from the inventory and production process contributes immensely to global warming and ...hence, the need to device a sustainable green inventory by the operational managers. In this paper, a multi-item multi-objective inventory model with back-ordered quantity incorporating green investment in order to save the environment is proposed. The model is formulated as a multi-objective fractional programming problem with four objectives: maximizing profit ratio to total back-ordered quantity, minimizing the holding cost in the system, minimizing total waste produced by the inventory system per cycle and minimizing the total penalty cost due to green investment. The constraints are included with budget limitation, space restrictions, a constraint on cost of ordering each item, environmental waste disposal restriction, cost of pollution control, electricity consumption cost during production and cost of greenhouse gas emission in the production process. The model effectiveness is illustrated numerically, and the solution obtained to give a useful suggestion to the decision-markers in the manufacturing sectors.
Integrated production and distribution planning have received a lot of attention throughout the years and its economic advantages are well documented. However, for highly perishable products this ...integrated approach has to include, further than the economic aspects, the intangible value of freshness. We explore, through a multi-objective framework, the advantages of integrating these two intertwined planning problems at an operational level. We formulate models for the case where perishable goods have a fixed and a loose shelf-life (i.e. with and without a best-before-date). The results show that the economic benefits derived from using an integrated approach are much dependent on the freshness level of products delivered.
Purpose
Flexibility is a fundamental performance objective for manufacturing operations, allowing them to respond to changing requirements in uncertain and competitive global markets. Additive ...manufacturing machines are often described as “flexible,” but there is no detailed understanding of such flexibility in an operations management context. The purpose of this paper is to examine flexibility from a manufacturing systems perspective, demonstrating the different competencies that can be achieved and the factors that can inhibit these in commercial practice.
Design/methodology/approach
This study extends existing flexibility theory in the context of an industrial additive manufacturing system through an investigation of 12 case studies, covering a range of sectors, product volumes, and technologies. Drawing upon multiple sources, this research takes a manufacturing systems perspective that recognizes the multitude of different resources that, together with individual industrial additive manufacturing machines, contribute to the satisfaction of demand.
Findings
The results show that the manufacturing system can achieve seven distinct internal flexibility competencies. This ability was shown to enable six out of seven external flexibility capabilities identified in the literature. Through a categorical assessment the extent to which each competency can be achieved is identified, supported by a detailed explanation of the enablers and inhibitors of flexibility for industrial additive manufacturing systems.
Originality/value
Additive manufacturing is widely expected to make an important contribution to future manufacturing, yet relevant management research is scant and the flexibility term is often ambiguously used. This research contributes the first detailed examination of flexibility for industrial additive manufacturing systems.
lThe resource scheduling model of intelligent manufacturing workshop is established with the goal of minimizing the maximum completion time, tardiness, machine load and energy consumption.lThe NSGA-Ⅱ ...algorithm is improved, and the evaluation function is established based on crowding ranking and ranking level.lthe competition mechanism is introduced, the elitist retention strategy is improved, the probability is determined by variable proportion method, and the optimal solution is determined by AHP.
With the intensification of globalization, the competition among various manufacturing enterprises has become increasingly fierce, enterprises are developing in the direction of the product diversification, zero inventory or low inventory, and scheduling in production management has become more complicated. In this paper, machine and workpiece were as objects to study the problem of workshop scheduling in intelligent manufacturing environment. The resource scheduling model of intelligent manufacturing workshop was established with the goal of minimizing the maximum completion time, tardiness, machine load and energy consumption. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) algorithm was improved, and the evaluation function was established based on ranking level and crowding degree, then the competition mechanism was introduced. Random mutation strategy and crossover method based on process and machine was adopted to generate a new generation of populations. The elitist retention strategy was improved, the variable proportion method was designed to determine the probability, and the optimal solution is determined by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The benchmark cases and practical production and processing problems were tested to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the improved algorithm.
Facets of trust in simulation studies Harper, Alison; Mustafee, Navonil; Yearworth, Mike
European journal of operational research,
02/2021, Letnik:
289, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•Trust plays an important role in model acceptability and results implementation.•Facets of trust interact between the stakeholder, the modeller and the model.•These interactions occur dynamically ...throughout the lifecycle of an M&S study.•The Trust Model allows reflection on relevant factors which influence trust in a model throughout the M&S study lifecycle.
The purpose of a modelling and simulation (M&S) study for real-world operations management applications is to support decision-making and inform potential action, therefore investigating the aspects of the modelling process which influence trust is important. Previous work has considered the question of trust through the lens of model validation. However, whilst a simulation model may be technically well executed, stakeholders’ trust in the results may also depend upon intangible factors such as interpersonal relationships. Existing literature has also focused on the credibility of the simulation practitioner, however the credibility attribute belongs to the stakeholder, and it ignores the trust aspects that may exist between the stakeholders and the model itself. In this paper, we argue that different facets of trust emerge throughout the stages of a simulation study, and both influence, and are influenced by, the interaction between the model, the modeller and the stakeholders of the study. We present a synthesis of existing literature and extend it by proposing a formative model of trust which presents a conceptualisation of this tripartite relationship. Our contribution is the identification of the different facets of trust in the lifecycle of a modelling and simulation study. We argue that these interacting facets converge via the three-way relationship between modeller, model and stakeholders toward epistemic trust in the knowledge generated by the simulation study and ultimately model acceptability and implementation. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study that focuses solely on the question of trust in an M&S study.
In this paper, we examine an apparel serial supply chain whose players initiate product “greening.” We consider situations in which the players cooperate or act individually. Our problem is motivated ...by recent developments in the supply chains of global apparel players. We build game theoretic models and show how greening levels, prices and profits are influenced by channel structures. We also study the impact of greening costs and consumer sensitivity towards green apparels. We propose a two-part tariff contract to coordinate the green channel. Our key contribution lies in the model of decision making of various supply chain structures and analyzing its impact on the players and supply chain. The problem throws interesting insights into the strategies of apparel players and their key decisions.
•Integrated assignment of pods and orders to picking stations.•Investigation of impacts of introducing split orders.•Developing a heuristic to solve a real-life case.•Allowing throughput to improve ...by 47%.
In robotic mobile fulfillment systems, human pickers don’t go to the inventory area to search for and pick the ordered items. Instead, robots carry shelves (called “pods”) containing ordered items from the inventory area to picking stations. At the picking stations, pickers put ordered items into totes; then these items are transported to the packing stations. This type of warehousing system relieves the human pickers and improves the picking process. In this paper, we concentrate on decisions about the assignment of pods to stations and orders to stations to fulfill picking for each incoming customer’s order. In previous research for an RMFS with multiple picking stations, these decisions are made sequentially with heuristics. Instead, we present a new MIP-model to integrate both decision problems. To improve the system performance even more, we extend our model by splitting orders. This means parts of an order are allowed to be picked at different stations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first publication on split orders in an RMFS. And we prove the computational complexity of our models. We analyze different performance metrics, such as pile-on, pod-station visits, robot moving distance and throughput. We compare the results of our models in different instances with the sequential method in our open-source simulation framework RAWSim-O. The integration of the decisions brings better performances, and allowing split orders further improves the performances (for example: increasing throughput by 46%). In order to reduce the computational time for a real-world application, we have proposed a heuristic.
What Determines Productivity? Syverson, Chad
Journal of economic literature,
06/2011, Letnik:
49, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Economists have shown that large and persistent differences in productivity levels across businesses are ubiquitous. This finding has shaped research agendas in a number of fields, including (but not ...limited to) macroeconomics, industrial organization, labor, and trade. This paper surveys and evaluates recent empirical work addressing the question of why businesses differ in their measured productivity levels. The causes are manifold, and differ depending on the particular setting. They include elements sourced in production practices—and therefore over which producers have some direct control, at least in theory—as well as from producers' external operating environments. After evaluating the current state of knowledge, I lay out what I see are the major questions that research in the area should address going forward.
O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de açúcar e biocombustíveis e, embora seja considerado um dos mais competitivos e sofisticados do mundo, ainda apresenta alto índice de perda durante o ...processo produtivo, reduzindo a rentabilidade da indústria sucroalcooleira e afetando a competitividade do negócio. Uma das formas de reduzir perdas e tornar o processo mais eficiente é através da padronização das atividades, desenvolvendo um procedimento operacional padrão (POP). Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar e implantar um POP no setor de recepção e preparo da cana de uma indústria sucroalcooleira a fim de reduzir o desperdício de matéria-prima nesse setor e tornar o processo mais eficiente. Foi utilizado o método de pesquisa-ação, onde os pesquisadores e participantes representativos da situação ou do problema estão envolvidos de modo cooperativo ou participativo, buscando solucioná-lo. A partir da implantação do POP foi possível reduzir significativamente o desperdício de matéria-prima no setor em análise, com baixo investimento e mudanças simples. Os resultados foram positivos, não apenas para o setor onde foi aplicado o estudo, mas para toda a empresa que percebeu que poderia replicar o trabalho feito nas demais etapas do processo produtivo, reduzindo ainda mais as perdas.
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