•A safety of software in critical system should be demonstrated before used.•The NUREG/CR-6430 proposes a software hazard analysis process and guide phrases.•FPGA development includes two different ...aspect of development such as software and hardware.•This paper proposes a refined process at the software requirements phases of NUREG/CR-6430 for FPGA software.•This paper provides results of hazard analysis for a prototype version of FPGA software requirement specifications with the proposed process.
Hazard analysis is a widely-used technique to achieve the system/software safety by analyzing hazards systematically. While programmable logic controller-based digital instrumentation and control systems have been replaced with field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based ones, hazard analysis on FPGA software as well as FPGA-based controllers becomes one of the prerequisites of operational approval. The NUREG/CR-6430 provides applicable processes/methods of software safety hazard analysis (e.g., guide phrases and analysis techniques). Hazard analysis of FPGA software is different from typical software hazard analysis, since the FPGA is a hardware-based platform. This paper proposes a refined process and guide phrases at the software requirement analysis part in NUREG/CR-6430, tailored for the new target - FPGA software. We performed hazard analysis on FPGA software for a prototype version of an FPGA-based controller in Korea to show feasibility of the refined process and guide phrases.
Gemelos funcionales para validar el software de control Álvarez, María Luz; Sarachaga, Isabel; Burgos, Arantzazu ...
Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial,
2024, Letnik:
21, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
La innovación y los retos tecnológicos de la fabricación inteligente han provocado un incremento notable en la complejidad del software de control de los sistemas de producción automatizados (aPS) ...integrados en un entorno global interconectado. Una herramienta de pruebas muy potente para su validación es emplear plantas virtuales (uno de los pilares de la digitalización en la industria). En este contexto, este artículo contribuye con una metodología de diseño e implementación de gemelos funcionales construidos a partir de componentes funcionales básicos de librería, que no precisa herramientas comerciales de desarrollo de plantas virtuales. Como representación virtual de la funcionalidad de una entidad del sistema de producción, el gemelo funcional se empleará como herramienta de pruebas para probar la reacción del sistema de control tanto en producción normal como ante la inyección de fallos. La metodología se ha aplicado en la construcción de los gemelos funcionales que permiten validar el sistema de control de una célula de ensamblaje.
Microrobotics represents an important branch of robotics in the past decade, and demonstrates great potential in a broad range of applications such as targeted drug delivery, cell manipulation and ...bioimaging. However, it is rare while becomes critical to make integrated and programmable actuating systems with sophisticated and controllable architectures that are demanded for real applications. Here, we present a new family of bio-inspired programmable actuating systems assembled from carbon nanotube/platinum swimming fiber robots (SFRs). The SFRs demonstrate hetero-sectional structures that offer rapid and stable rotations in H2O2 solution. Similar to the building blocks like tentacle and spine of invertebrates, the SFRs are then assembled into programmable actuating systems that may move in rotation and translation or switch between them. As a general and effective strategy, this assembling methodology may also open up a new direction for microrobotics on system level.
A new family of bio-inspired programmable actuating systems have been made from carbon nanotube/platinum swimming fiber robots (SFRs). The SFRs demonstrate hetero-sectional structures that offer rapid and stable rotations in fuel solution. They can be assembled into programmable actuating systems that move in rotation and translation or switch between them. This assembling methodology may open up a new direction for microrobotics on system level. Display omitted
With the development of semiconductor chips manufacturing, the quality of chips are required to a higher level. At present, as a key element of chip produce process, wafer surface defect detection is ...a hard challenge for operators, as manual detection accuracy and efficiency are depend on such factors as visual fatigue and inspection error. This paper proposes a defect detection approach for silicon wafer and designs a control system. The system takes PLC as the control core in charge the communication of the PC and the robots, which carries out the logical control instruction. The silicon wafer images are taken by a high precision camera, and processed by the algorithms and the defect elements central coordinates are output to robots. The four-axis robots are driven by the servo motors to mark the defective elements. In order to improve work efficiency, two robots were designed to cooperate to realize wafer transplanting and marking. The device runs smoothly and efficiently, and has prospecting application future.
Recent advances in power converter applications with highly demanding control goals require the efficient implementation of superior control strategies. However, the real-time application of such ...control strategies demands high computational power that necessitates efficient digital controllers like field programmable gate array (FPGA). The inherent parallelism offered by FPGAs minimizes the execution time and exhibits an excellent cost-performance trade-off. In addition, rapid advancements in FPGA technology with a broad portfolio of intellectual property (IP) cores, design tools, and robust embedded processors resulted in a design paradigm shift. This article proposes a low-cost solution for the resource-optimized implementation of dynamic, highly accurate, and computationally intensive finite state-predictive direct current control (FS-PDCC). The challenges for implementing complex control algorithms for power converters are discussed in detail, and the control is implemented in Intel’s low-cost non-volatile FPGA-MAX®10. An efficient design methodology using finite state machine (FSM) is adopted to achieve time/resource-efficient implementation. The parallel and pipelined architecture of FPGA provides better resource utilization with high execution speed. The experimental results prove the efficiency of FPGA-based cost-effective solutions that offer superior performance with better output quality.
In this research, we present a data recovery scheme for wireless sensor networks. In some sensor networks, each node must be able to recover the complete information of the network, which leads to ...the problem of the high cost of energy in communication and storage of information. We proposed a modified gossip algorithm for acquire distributed measurements and communicate the information across all nodes of the network using compressive sampling and Gossip algorithms to compact the data to be stored and transmitted through a network. The experimental results on synthetic data show that the proposed method reconstruct better the signal and in less iterations than with a similar method using a thresholding algorithm.
The common cause of the mass mortality of fishes in a fish farm is a power failure. There can be many reasons for the power failures but most of them are the result of natural disasters, systematic ...faults, ill-willed sabotages, or mistakes of employees. Such incidents usually have a bad influence upon small or medium-scale farmers. To deal with unexpected power failures, this research proposes a status monitoring system utilizing both PLC and ICT. Consistent supply of electric power in Fish Farms is essential for the operation and management of farm facilities regardless of them being indoors or afloat. The statistics show that the power failure and the red tides are the major causes of ruining farmer’s earnings. The proposed system is autonomous and simple enough for the employees to operate such that prompt actions can be taken in times of crisis. There have been some concerns about applying the PLC technology as it often involves loss of transmission signals. To minimize signal losses, use of RUDP in the transmission layer was proposed as well. At the same time, a GUI-based operational mode has been embedded in the Android application to enhance user convenience for observing and managing farm’s activities such as controlling of seawater and farm accesses and checking locations, photoperiods, withdrawal periods, and system’s batteries. The proposed design can be quite suitable for the Vertical Fish Farm.
The micromechanical behavior of medium-Mn transformation-induced-plasticity (TRIP) steels with nominal chemical compositions of Fe-0.1C-10Mn (mass%) (0Al steel) and Fe-0.1C-10Mn-2Al (mass%) (2Al ...steel) fabricated by intercritical annealing 600 °C for 1 h and 650 °C for 1 h, respectively, was investigated using in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) with uniaxial tensile tests at 25 °C and 100 °C. We found that Lüders band propagation promoted lower volume fraction of austenite transformation to martensite in 0Al steel than 2Al steel at 25 °C while higher volume fraction of austenite transformation to martensite in 0Al steel than 2Al steel at 100 °C. Portevin-Le Châtelier (PLC) band propagation promoted higher volume fraction of austenite transformation to martensite in 0Al steel than 2Al steel during deformation at 25 °C and 100 °C. Moreover, the addition of Al obviously suppresses the formation of intermediate ε martensite during tensile deformation, thus the zigzag change in lattice strain of austenite was completely depressed in 2Al steel. Due to the controlled stability of metastable austenite, the 2Al steel demonstrated the best combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation at 25 °C.
The increase of applications for industrial smart sensors is booming, mainly due to the use of distributed automation architectures, industrial evolution and recent technological advances, which ...guide the industry to a greater degree of automation, integration and globalization. In this research work, an architecture for deliberative-type intelligent industrial sensors is proposed, based on the BDI (Belief Desire Intentions) model, adaptable to the measurement of different variables of the filtering process of a water purification plant. An intelligent sensor with functions of signal digitalization, self-calibration, alarm generation, communication with PLC, user interface for parameter adjustment, and analysis with data extrapolation have been arranged. For decision making, the use of fuzzy logic techniques has been considered, which allows imprecise parameters to be appropriately represented, simplifying decision problem solving in the industrial environment, generating stable and fast systems with low processing requirements. The proposed architecture has been modelled, simulated and validated using UML language in conjunction with Petri nets, which facilitate the representation of discrete system events, presenting them clearly and precisely. In the implementation and testing of the prototype, C/C ++ language has been used in an 8-bit microcontroller, experimentally corroborating the operation of the device, which allowed evaluating the behavior of a pseudo-intelligent agent based on the requirements of the water treatment plant, and also through comparisons with similar works developed by other researchers.
Abstract
The design and realization of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented in this paper. The controller intended to ...control the temperature of medical oven. A novel design of digital ANFIS is presented here for the implementation process. Different controllers are designed and their results are compared using MATLAB program to show the ANFIS superiority. The designed controllers tested for cell cultures application at 37.5. A reduction is made for the designed digital ANFIS due to the used FPGA limitations. The reduced design minimizes the utilized slices from 366% to 3% and LUTs from 364% to 3%. The reduced design reached an optimum size for this controller to utilize a smallest memory size. A real-time FPGA implementation of the proposed digital ANFIS have been done and verified through Xilinx ISE 14.6 using the VHDL language. The VHDL code for the controller is produced, aggregated and downloaded on the FPGA Spartan 3A/AN FPGA kit. A comparison between the simulation and implementation results is made. The matching between these results proves the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed digital ANFIS and the excellent performance of the FPGA based controller.
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