Nedostatak radne snage u brojnim industrijskim granama imao je utjecaj na rast cijena industrijskih proizvoda što se prelilo i na ugostiteljstvo. Suprotno tomu ugostiteljski sektor se zbog velike ...potražnje u tercijarnom sektoru znatno proširio i stvorio konkurentnu silu što je uzrokovalo tržišnu borbu za svakog gosta i posljedično smanjenje cijena usluga. U toj situaciji ugostitelji, a posebno hotelske kuće primorane su pronaći mogućnosti u vlastitim kapacitetima da kroz korištenje tehnologije smanje materijalne troškove pansionskih obroka, bez smanjenja vlastite marže. Cilj je kroz uvođenje vlastite pekarske proizvodnje u hotelskim kuhinjama znatno pridonijeti stabilnosti kvalitete i autentičnosti usluge, ali i smanjiti materijalne troškove hotelske kuhinje. U svrhu znanstvene vrijednosti rada provedeno je empirijsko istraživanje u hotelskim kućama na Kvarneru – Republika Hrvatska. Prikupljeni su podaci o godišnjoj potrošnji pekarskih proizvoda u pansionskim obrocima, obrađene informacije o ulaznim cijenama sirovina za pekarske proizvode te u odnos stavljeni troškovi vlastite pekarske proizvodnje i troškovi kupnje gotovih pekarskih proizvoda s naglaskom na uštede na godišnjoj razini. Podaci su predočeni tablično i grafički te analizirani uz izvedene zaključke i tumačenja. Rezultati rada sintetizirani su i koristit će hotelskom menadžmentu u donošenju strateških i operativnih odluka investicijske politike i planiranja godišnjih budžeta hotelskih kuhinja kroz prizmu menadžerskog računovodstva.
The shortage of labor in many industries had an impact on rising prices of industrial products, whichspilled over into the hospitality industry. In contrast, the hospitality sector has expanded significantlydue to high demand in the tertiary sector and created a competitive force that has caused marketcompetition for each guest and consequently reduced service prices. In this situation, caterers, andespecially hotel houses, are forced to find opportunities in their own capacities to reduce the materialcosts of board meals through the use of technology, without reducing their own margin. The goal isto significantly contribute to the stability of the quality and authenticity of the service through theintroduction of its own bakery production in hotel kitchens, but also to reduce the material costs ofthe hotel kitchen. For the purpose of scientific value of the work, an empirical research was conductedin hotel houses in Kvarner - Republic of Croatia. Data on annual consumption of bakery products inboard meals were collected, information on input prices of raw materials for bakery products wasprocessed, and the costs of own bakery production and costs of purchasing finished bakery productswere compared, with emphasis on annual savings. The data are presented in tables and graphs andanalyzed with conclusions and interpretations. The results of the work are synthesized and will beused by hotel management in making strategic and operational decisions of investment policy andplanning of annual budgets of hotel kitchens through the prism of managerial accounting.
The paper deals with the modeling and analysis of the effects of integrating photovoltaic systems into the body elements of electric vehicles. The aim of this paper was to examine the capacities, ...opportunities and effects of local electricity generation in real electric cars. Given the complex geometry of the vehicle and its mobility, this task posed a relatively complex engineering challenge. A mathematical model in MATLAB software has been developed that enables the estimation of the time diagram of photovoltaic panels production integrated into moving objects of complex geometry. Based on real irradiation measurement data for several locations in Serbia, analyses and calculations of the energy balances of electric vehicles with and without integrated photovoltaic panels in the car body were carried out. The results of the paper show the cost effectiveness for the application of this solution in the automotive industry. In addition to the local production of clean energy, the effects of increasing vehicle autonomy and longer range, less frequent visit to the charging station, less dependency and less impact of vehicles on power system are also achieved.
Cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati agrotehničke mjere, prinos sjemena i sadržaj ulja suncokreta uzgajanog u ekološkoj proizvodnji na OPG-u "Ivica Plazibat“ u razdoblju od 2016. do 2020. godine. Sjetva ...suncokreta je obavljena u optimalnim rokovima u travnju, a žetva u zadnjoj dekadi rujna, tako da je dužina vegetacije varirala od 153 do 175 dana. Prosječna masa 1000 sjemenki varirala je od 81 g (2018.) do 86 g (2020. godine). Sadržaj ulja u sjemenu kretao se od 44 % (2018. godine) do 53 % (2020. godine). Ostvareni prinos sjemena iznosio je od 3,7 t/ha (2016. i 2019. godine) do 4,1 t/ha (2020. godine)
The aim of this study was to describe agrotechnical measures, sunflower seed yield and oil content in organic production over a five-year period (2016 – 2020). Sowing of sunflower was done in optimal terms in April, and harvesting in the last decade of September, so the length of vegetation was from 153 to 175 days. The average weight of 1000 grains varied from 81 g (2018) to 86 g (2020). The oil content in the analyzed period ranged from 44% (2018) to 53% (2020). The achieved yield of sunflower seeds varied from 3.7 t/ha (2016 and 2019) to 4.1 t/ha (2020)
Analiza kretanja rasadničke proizvodnje šumskog sadnog materijala doprinosi kvalitetnijem planiranju proizvodnog programa kao i radova u uzgajanju šuma. Dostupnost sadnog materijala ključna je za ...mnoge dionike šumarskog sektora kako u šumarskoj znanosti tako i u šumarskoj praksi. Hrvatski šumarski institut tijekom stručnog nadzora rasadničke proizvodnje, stavljanja na tržište i/ili kakvoće šumskog sadnog materijala sakuplja podatke o kretanju proizvodnje svih rasadnika u Republici Hrvatskoj. To je omogućilo statističku analizu proizvedenog šumskog sadnog materijala prema rasadnicima, vlasništvu i vrstama šumskog drveća u aktualnom petogodišnjem razdoblju. Cjelokupni pregledi i analize rasadničke proizvodnje tek su u manjoj mjeri dostupni posljednja tri desetljeća, a uočava se i nedostatak recentnih znanstvenih publikacija i aktivnije znanstveno-istraživačke djelatnosti. Ciljevi rada su: (I) dati pregled proizvodnje prema vrstama, vlasništvu te rasadniku; (II) utvrditi je li količinom i programom proizvodnja bjelogorice usklađena s rastućim potrebama u šumarskoj praksi i recentnim međunarodnim znanstvenim kretanjima; (III) dati opće preporuke za planiranje proizvodnog programa za bjelogorične vrste u Republici Hrvatskoj. Provedena analiza ukazuje na mali broj vrsta u proizvodnom programu (hrast kitnjak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), hrast lužnjak (Quercus robur L.), obična bukva (Fagus sylvatica L.), poljski jasen (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.)), što ukazuje na sve veće oslanjanje prirodne obnove šuma na rasadničku proizvodnju, dok je neznatan udio ostalih vrsta u proizvodnji (manje od 5 %). Udio voćkarica, alohtonih vrsta (pa čak i onih visoko produktivnih i otpornijih prema različitim ugrozama u usporedbi s domaćim vrstama) te pionirskih vrsta koje se koriste za rastuće potrebe biološke sanacije je nizak. Ističe se i važnost kvalitetnog šumskog sjemena kao preduvjeta za uspješnu rasadničku proizvodnju, kao i odabira optimalnih vrsta, provenijencija i karakteristika sadnog materijala. Potrebno je uskladiti proizvodni program s novim izazovima i ugrozama koji stoje pred šumarskim sektorom i šumama u Republici Hrvatskoj. Program treba uskladiti i s međunarodnim, znanstvenim i stručnim kretanjima i politikama Europske Unije, kao i bolje osigurati šumski sadni materijal za druge grane privrede. Karakter suvremenih šumskouzgojnih rješenja mora odražavati brzinu i učinkovitost provođenja zahvata, jer sve učestalije i intenzivnije prirodne nepogode, imaju odlučujući utjecaj na uspjeh sadnje tj. potrebu ponavljanja ovoga skupog i zahtjevnog procesa. Iako su teško predvidive, ugroze su neminovne, pa je pored kvalitetnog proizvodnog programa, kvalitetan, višegodišnji proizvodni plan potrebniji nego ikad. Plan je utoliko kvalitetniji što prepoznaje trenutne i predstojeće obveze i međunarodna kretanja, recentne znanstvene spoznaje, višegodišnje potrebe praktičnog šumarstva i ostalih grana privrede, predviđanja predstojećih ugroza i pomaka areala vrsta te suvremenih rješenja prilagodbe šuma na predstojeće ugroze i izazove.
Analysis of nursery production contributes to better planning of production and silvicultural activities. Availability of planting material is crucial for many actors in forestry science and practice. According to Law on forest reproductive material Croatian Forest Research Institute conducts expert supervision and collects data on production programme and process for every nursery in Croatia (Figure 1). This enabled statistical analysis of total amounts of planting material production per nursery, ownership and tree species in recent five-year period. Comprehensive ovierviews and analysis of nursery production are limited for the last three decades, while there is also a lack o recent scientific publications and activities dealing with nursery production issues in Croatia. Aims of this paper are: (1) to give a production overview according to tree species, ownership and nursery, (II) to determine if amount and production programme is harmonised with growing needs of practical forestry and recent international scientific knowledge, (III) to give general guidelines for planning of production programmes for broadleaves in Croatia. Nursery production data used for production analysis is part of electronic database, which was established (based on expert supervision documentation) in period 2009-2011 by Đodan and Perić. Croatian Forests Ltd. are sigle producer of forest planting material in Croatia. Figure 2 gives overview of the size of nurseries in Croatia. Production of broadleaves planting material in respected period drops, while more detailed insight of production per nursery points to Cernik, Limbuš, Oštarije, Zdenački gaj and Višnjevac as the biggest producer in Croatia (Figure 3). Total broadeleaves production in five year period spannes from 12.373.091 pcs. (2021) to 21.654.920 pcs. (2019) (Table 1), with slight drop. Total production of Quercus spp. in respected period amounts to 62.245.950 pcs., while pedunculate and sessile oak participate in total oak production with 98,49% share. Other oaks in production are Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus cerris L. and Quercus ilex L. In the same period total of 12.574.160 of Narrowed leaved ash was produced, with continuous annual increase. In 2021, due to significant dieback of transplanted ash seedlings (during restoration activities) Croatian Forests Ltd. limit and then stop ash production. Share of European beech varies (from 5,5% in 2018 to 13,8% in 2017) and with its total production of 7.505.337 seedlings takes forth place in braodleaves production. Conducted analysis showed predominance of small nuber of tree species in production (pedunculate oak, sessile oak, common beach and narrow-leaved ash), which points to the conclusion that natural regeneration is strongly dependant on nursery production. Only small share (less than 5 %) of other tree species is represented in production. Share of forest fruits, non native tree species (even highly productive and more resistant then domestic ones), pioneer species (used for growing needs of forest restoration) is relatively low. Importance of quality forest seed as prerequisite of successful nursery production is high, as well as importance of selection of apporpriate provenances and feature of forest planting material. Nursery production programmes need to be harmonised with real needs in practical forestry. Nevertheless, there is even stronger need of setting quality, multi-year nursery production plans, which will include a strong response to forthcoming challenges and threats, reduce risks in practical forestry and take into account international (scientific and expert) efforts, actual EU policies and growing needs of forestry and other sectors.
Na temelju Augéovog koncepta nemjesta osmišljen je interpretativni model analize trgovačkog centra (mikrorazina) te urbanog prostora koji se oko njega stvara (makrorazina). U svrhu funkcionalnog ...povezivanja tih dviju razina upotrijebljen je De Certeauov koncept potrošačke proizvodnje, prema kojem ljudi nisu tek pasivni konzumenti prostora, već nepredvidljivim prostornim ponašanjem sudjeluju u kreaciji nestabilnih prostornih veza i odnosa. Model je primijenjen na slučaju zagrebačkog Arena Centra. Ovaj rad donosi rezultate istraživanja na makrorazini, a temelji se na markerima tranzitnosti koje posjetitelji centra ostavljaju u prostoru. Oni su detektirani terenskim istraživanjem, kartiranjem, fotografiranjem i metodom promatranja. Dokazano je da trgovački centar tendira okolni prostor transformirati u nemjesto, kao i da nemjesta imaju sklonost agregiranja, o čemu svjedoče raznorodne prostorne oznake tranzitnosti, kao i dinamične morfološke, funkcionalne i demografske promjene.
Republika Hrvatska je veliki neto uvoznik povrća i prerađevina od povrća. Iako raspolaže odličnim prirodnim uvjetima za proizvodnju na otvorenom, ali i u staklenicima i plastenicima, to nije niti ...približno iskorišteno. Kriza izazvana pandemijom Covid-19 značajno je utjecala na tržne tokove povrća te se sve više naglašava važnost kratkih lanaca opskrbe. Primjena ovog oblika trženja je posebice naglašena kod opskrbe potrošača većih hrvatskih gradova. Veća primjena ovog opskrbnog kanala je ograničena malim količinama pojedinih proizvođača te se rješenje treba tražiti u njihovoj većoj poslovnoj povezanosti, ali i većem korištenju suvremenih alatki tržnog komuniciranja, kao što su internetske stranice, elektronička pošta (mail) i društvene mreže. Do ovih rezultata se došlo u istraživanju provedenom u drugoj polovici prosinca 2020. godine u kojem su sudjelovale 104 osobe iz 57 naselja Hrvatske.
The import of vegetables and vegetable products is high in the Republic of Croatia. Although there are excellent natural conditions for open-field production of vegetablesand greenhouse production, it is not nearly exploited. The importance of short supply chains is increasingly emphasized, as the crises caused by the Covid-19 pandemic have significantly affected the market flows of vegetables. The use of this kind of marketing is especially emphasized in the large Croatian cities' consumer supply. The greater use of this supply channel is limited by the small quantities of products from some producers and the solution has to be their better business links, and better use of modern tools of market communication – the internet, mail, social networks. These results are also from the Survey conducted in the second half of December 2020, with the participation of 104 persons from 57 towns and villages in Croatia.
Razvoj ekološkog maslinarstva direktno je povezan sa razvojem ekološke poljoprivrede. Prve zabilježene podatke u EUROSTAT-u o količinama ekološki proizvedenih maslina imamo već 2002. godine za ...Italiju, da bi se od 2009. godine pratila i Hrvatska. Najveći dio ekološke proizvodnje maslina koncentriran je u Španjolskoj, Italiji i Grčkoj. Zakonodavstvo Europske unije (EU) konstantno se zalaže za stimulaciju i rast proizvodnje ekološke hrane i ekološkog načina proizvodnje. U Hrvatskoj, iako proizvodnja ekoloških maslina ima zabilježen značajan porast prinosa kao i uzgojnih površina, nailazimo na nerazumijevanje i nepoznavanje principa ekološke proizvodnje, neučinkovitu zakonsku regulativu, nepostojanje ekoloških rasadnika kao i vrlo mali broj uljara za preradu ekološki proizvedenih maslina.
In this work, the effectiveness of cold and hot (Soxhlet) extraction of oil from the dry matter of lyophilized olive pastes (without pit and with pit) and seeds of olive fruits of Leccino cultivar, was investigated. The effect of extraction on the content of total phenols and ortho-diphenols in the obtained oils was also investigated. Total phenols content and antioxidant capacity (IC50) were determined in olive pastes and seeds. Cold and hot extraction proved to be equally effective in extracting oil from lyophilized olive pastes, while hot extraction was more efficient in extracting oil from seeds. Olive pastes without pits had the highest total phenols content (12.9 mg g-1 of dry mass) of the three investigated plant materials. Therefore, the oils obtained from them, particularly those obtained by Soxhlet extraction, contained the highest total phenols content (396.7 mg kg-1) and ortho-diphenols (206.3 mg kg-1). Compared to olive pastes, the seeds had a statistically significantly lower total phenols content and a multiple lower antioxidant capacity. The results confirmed that pits removal reduces the negative influence of peroxidases from seeds on the phenol compounds in the olive paste and in the oil, also suggesting that hot extraction increases the solubility of phenols from plant material in the oil.
U svijetu se sve veća pozornost posvećuje zdravlju pučanstva i očuvanju bioraznolikosti i prirodne ravnoteže. Briga za zdravlje je sve naglašenija kroz prehranu i vidljiva je kroz porast potražnje ...poljoprivrednih proizvoda i prerađevina proizvedenih po ekološkim principima. Istovremeno, potrebni duži ili kraći odmori često su kombinacija „konzumacije turističkih sadržaja i gastronomije“. Blagodat koju ima Republika Hrvatska u ponudi turističkih sadržaja te u bogatstvu kvalitetnih poljoprivrednih proizvodnih resursa za ekološku poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, prilika su za njihov jači sinergijski učinak. U radu se daje pregled razvitka ekološke poljoprivredne proizvodnje i promjene kod broja turista u Republici Hrvatskoj. U razdoblju od 2007. do 2017. godine površine pod ekološkom proizvodnjom porasle su za trinaest puta ali čine još uvijek mali dio (6,46%) ukupno korištenih poljoprivrednih površina. U 2017. godini ekološkom proizvodnjom se bavilo 4.023 proizvođača te se predviđa da bi u 2020. godini njihov broj porastao za 15,7% odnosno dosegao bi broj od 4.655. Dosadašnji značajan porast broja turista i ukupno ostvarenih noćenja mogao bi nastaviti daljnji porast, te se predviđa da bi u 2020. godini dosegnuo oko 117 milijuna noćenja, što bi u odnosu na 2018. bio porast od 15,4%. Ovo nam ukazuje na potrebu i mogućnost veće ekološke poljoprivredne proizvodnje i njene veće zastupljenosti u ukupnom tržištu poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda.
Worldwide, more and greater attention is paid to the health of the population and the preservation of biodiversity and natural balance. Care about health is increasingly pronounced through nutrition and is reflected by the rising demand for agricultural food products and products produced by ecological principles. At the same time, the need for longer or shorter holidays is often a combination of "consumption of tourist content and gastronomy". The richness of the Republic of Croatia in the offer of tourist facilities and the richness of quality of the agricultural production resources for organic agricultural products are an opportunity for their stronger synergistic effect. This paper gives an overview of the development of organic agricultural production and changes in the number of tourists in the Republic of Croatia. In the period from 2007 to 2017, the area under organic production increased by more than twelve times, but still, are a small part (6.46%) of the total utilized agricultural area. In 2017, certified organic producers in Croatia were 4,023 and it is anticipated that in 2020 their number would increase by 15,7% i.e. it would reach a number of 4,655. The current significant rise in the number of tourists and the total number of overnight stays could continue to increase and is projected to reach about 117 million overnights in 2020, or 2018, would increase by 15.4%. These results show us the need and the possibility of greater organic agricultural production and its greater presence in the overall agricultural and food products market.
Staklo je materijal koji se upotrebljava još od Antike pa sve do danas, ali je razvojem tehnologije postalo dostupno svima i sveprisutno je u industriji. Za proizvodnju stakla važan je sastav ...sirovina, a svojstva stakla ovise i o procesu proizvodnje. U članku je opisan proces proizvodnje stakla kroz povijest i razvoj novih vrsta stakla s boljim svojstvima. Također, uspoređeno je antropogeno s prirodnim staklima kao što su opsidijani i tektiti. Opisana su stakla koja se upotrebljavaju za izradu velikih teleskopa i u svemirskoj tehnologiji. U nastavnom dijelu opisani su jednostavni pokusi koji se mogu napraviti u učionici u sklopu STEM-orijentirane nastave.
Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna .
Ferritic stainless steel (FSS) is one of the high-temperature materials, used in many industries for sustainable applications such as power plants, automotive, offshore and chemical industries. ...Joining these materials is challenging due to the formation of an intermetallic and the grain growth with high-heat-input welding methods. Laser beam welding (LBW) that uses a low heat input was used successfully to join AISI 409 FSS tubes. In this work the welding speed and focal distance were varied as per a two-factor, three-level face-centred central composite design (FCCCD) to join AISI 409 FSS. A numerical model was developed to correlate the relationship between the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and LBW process parameters. The validation of the developed model was carried out using the analysis of variance. Both welding speed and focal distance have a significant effect on determining the UTS. The optimised process parameters provided for a better UTS as reported in this paper.
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