This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of preliminary publications on green and sustainable public procurement from the year 2000 until now. The aim of the review is to organise, ...evaluate and identify patterns and clusters in published articles, providing an overview of the state of the art in green and sustainable public procurement. Classification of the data identified three overall themes: organisational aspects, individual behaviour and operational tools, which comprise nine sub-categories: three organisational, two behavioural and four operational. The review shows how awareness and knowledge of circular public procurement attributes, based on circular policy and strategy implementation, are essential to conduct circular public procurement. The procurer’s beliefs and values are of high relevance in a transformation towards circular public procurement, simply not going for the lowest price, but finding an optimum combination that includes risk, timeliness and cost for the public institution on a life-cycle basis. Eco-labels, standards, life cycle assessments and life cycle costing are core parts of the process. Outlining the present knowledge as a foundation for future research in circular public procurement process development, this paper holds implications for both academics and procurement practitioners.
Public organizations are using sustainable public procurement (SPP) as a policy tool to address societal and environmental issues. Having a policy on SPP however does not guarantee implementation. ...Several barriers have for example been identified that prevent public procurers from implementing SPP in their procurement projects, such as financial constraints, lack of knowledge or motivation. The question therefore arises how much SPP public organizations actually implement in their procurement projects. However, existing studies often focus on the environmental part of SPP and often rely on using interviews or surveys to assess the perceived degree of SPP (which have been accused of being subject to social desirability bias and low response rates). Little is therefore known about what SPP is in practice, and how frequently it is implemented. In this study, we therefore provide a detailed operationalization of SPP that encompasses the full concept. We subsequently assess the implementation of SPP in practice using text mining techniques to analyse over 140.000 Belgian public procurement notices that were published between 2011 and 2016. The research shows that in more than 70% of the notices (with an annex) SPP is implemented, but there appears to be a downward trend. It seems that SPP is implemented less over time, rather than more. Environmentally friendly procurement was, relative to other types of SPP, prevalent over time and across regions. For SPP to live up to its potential there are thus still barriers to be overcome.
•Sustainable public procurement (SPP) is, in practice, an umbrella concept that encompasses seven main categories.•Text-mining techniques were used to identify SPP in 144,749 Belgian public procurement notices.•Between 2011 and 2016 more than 70% of Belgian procurement notices (with an appendix) implemented SPP.•Environmentally friendly procurement is the most frequently implemented SPP category, innovation-oriented procurement the least.•Over time the implementation of SPP increased and then decreased.
One of the areas related to the drawing and use of the budget funds of particular member states, as well as European Union (EU) funds, is public procurement. EU law allows particular contracting ...authorities or sector procurers to cooperate within public procurement and procure commodities jointly, i.e. to implement the joint public procurement procedure. This procedure is undoubtedly advantageous, especially in terms of cost savings; however, it also has a few drawbacks, particularly the ambiguity of legal regulations regarding the application of particular institutes in such joint public procurement. This paper aims to examine the theoretical and legal basis of joint public procurement, define the individual forms of joint public procurement under consideration, highlight the existing application-related problems in the implementation of this procedure and indicate possible legal solutions to the identified legal problems based on the interpretation of the relevant provisions of legal regulations
Public procurement is the acquisition of products and services needed for public organizations to fulfill their functional objectives. Public procurement can also be a tool to meet horizontal ...objectives such as environmental or social ones. In this paper, public procurement is highlighted as a tool for the transition to circular economy. However, circular public procurement cannot be confined to just a procurement department as it requires collaboration internally across departments and externally with partners in the supply chain. The current practices within public procurement are explored in the analyses of eight proactive Danish municipalities, with a focus on the development from green to circular public procurement. This research is based on practices and learning theory to understand what actually happens in an organization, in other words, how people work. The difference between practices and policies is noticeable in public procurement, as policies stipulate general guidelines, while the inclusion of green and circular aspects depend on the competences of each individual procurement department. Tools supporting this inclusion are at the center of successfully using public procurement to support environmental concerns, for example, through the application of ecolabels, while the lack of circular public procurement tools presents a barrier for further uptake. In several of the cases explored, green public procurement practices are driven by demand from end-users, while the rather fewer experiences with circular public procurement are project-based and driven by management. From the procurement departments’ point of view, circular procurement is still perceived as “new and difficult,” and the principles of circular procurement are vague. Also, circular public procurement requires competences that are not present in the procurement departments today, and therefore their understanding of circular procurement is restricted to a few well-known cases.
•A practice perspective on GPP and CPP in Danish municipalities.•CPP practice rely on end-user demands for inclusion of environmental circular criteria.•CPP practice is focused on products and lacks a circular system perspective.•Lack of CPP capabilities in municipalities favors GPP practices.•CPP requires collaboration internally across functions and externally across value chains.
The high expenditure on public procurement by governments makes it imperative to enhance transparency across the procurement cycle with technology-driven initiatives, such as e-procurement systems. ...This paper develops the Public Procurement Transparency Index and evaluates the impact of institutional reforms and membership of the World Trade Organisation Government Procurement Agreement on transparency. We use the Technology-Organisation-Environment and Balanced e-Participation Index frameworks to analyse transparency in procurement. The Public Procurement Transparency Index uses generalised least squares technique to develop the country-level transparency score. Findings indicate that e-government procurement systems promote transparency, especially in countries with robust institutional frameworks. Further, with fractional probit regression techniques we find institutional quality and infrastructure are key determinants of transparency in public procurement. The results also highlight the importance of information technology and institutional reforms as a means to enhance transparency and accountability in public procurement and offers valuable implications for policymakers.
•High government expenditure on public procurement necessitates enhanced transparency.•This paper presents the Public Procurement Transparency Index.•Findings indicate that e-GP systems significantly improve transparency for countries with high-quality infrastructure.•Transparency is higher in developed nations and WTO-GPA members.•The findings highlight the importance of e-GP reforms for effective and accountable public procurement.
Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of classification of public procurement in Ukraine. Formulation of the problem. The development of a ...scientifically sound classification of procurement, which would provide a combination of theory and practice of public procurement, allowed for a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of the use of budget funds. Analysis of recent research and publications. The article provides an overview of current publications on public procurement management, as well as scientific approaches to the classification of public procurement. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The author emphasizes the insufficiency of domestic works on the classification of public procurement, taking into account the latest changes in the legislation of our state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the classification criteria of public procurement, as well as to find ways to improve the classification of public procurement. Research methods: dialectical, analysis and synthesis, empirical, statistical. Work results and conclusions. The article considers the theoretical and practical principles of classification of public procurement, analyzes scientific approaches to the classification of public procurement, identifies the main criteria for the classification of procurement, improved the classification of public procurement. Field of application of results. The obtained results can be used primarily in procurement procedures, as well as in improving the economic policy of the state. Novelty: The proposed classification of public procurement, which corresponds to the modern stage of the formation of the sphere of public procurement, reproduces the structure and organization of procurement activities in Ukraine.
The lack of ASN (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ State Civil Apparatus) interest in participating in the procurement process is a problem that affects the performance of the procurement process in terms of ...its effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors that influence the difficulty of obtaining functional procurement from the viewpoint of various government workers authorized for procurement. This research used a quantitative approach with a questionnaire survey method for data collection. From the results of the literature study, 22 elements of the challenge to obtain procurement professionals were successfully identified. Questionnaires were distributed to ASN (public procurement officials), namely structural, functional and functional assistants working in the field of Procurement of Goods and Services within the West Sumatra provincial government. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). As a result, there are three factors of the difficulty of obtaining functional procurement from the perspective of various ASN procurement managers, namely Standard and Policy Factors (6 variables), Transparency and Accountability Factors (4 variables), and Experience and Education Factors (2 variables). This research also suggests measuring the relationship between the three factors by means of confirmatory factor analysis for future research.
High efficiency is one of the important goals of public procurement (PP); however, research on PP efficiency is still not sufficient, especially in the context of developing countries. With a focus ...on the purchasing phase, this study measures three aspects of procurement efficiency of public authorities: price, time and intellectual efficiency. The relevant factors of these three aspects are explored and examined. 838 PP contracts in Chengdu city, China were collected in the first half of 2018 using a web crawler programme. Regression method is used to analyse the data. This study finds that the price efficiency of PP is negatively associated with the implementation of green public procurement (GPP) but is positively associated with the evaluation method (the weight of bidding price during evaluation) and the number of bidders. Time efficiency is negatively associated with GPP implementation. Intellectual efficiency is negatively associated with the size of the procurement. This study accomplishes the following: I. extends research to a still relatively unexplored context: developing countries; II. adds to the studies on public procurement efficiency; and III. investigates the influence of GPP implementation on PP efficiency in a developing country.
•One of the pioneer studies on public procurement efficiency.•Measuring the public procurement efficiency in three aspects.•Examined and explored what factors are related to procurement efficiency.•Explored the impact by Green Public Procurement (GPP).•Introduced the procedure of public procurement with Chinese characteristics.
Most countries in the world are currently faced with a series of public procurement challenges. Moreover, the large volumes of public procurement and the impact it may have of the global economy, the ...environment and the society at large justify a research study aimed at achieving sustainable and smart procurement. Smart public procurement intensively relies on emerging technologies and it is both an international priority and a challenge to achieve it. This paper is aimed at addressing such procurement-specific challenges. This study reflects the current status and the trends in public procurement, as well as the manner in which Blockchain and the Internet of Things (BIoT) may lead to a beneficial change in the field. In order to analyse the impact of BIoT, we are putting forward an assessment model comprising the definition and the description of six hypotheses. They are validated both by reference to the current knowledge status and via the analysis of the data collected in a survey which was conducted in Romania. It was aimed at collecting and analysing the data from the main stakeholders as well as at formulating recommendations/actions related to the modernisation of the current system. The study uses structural equation modelling (SEM) to validate the proposed model and to establish the relationships between the adoption of BIoT and smart, sustainable and transparent public procurement. At the same time, we analyse the links between the adoption of BIoT and aspects such as corruption and fraud, the challenges related to technological integration and the need to reengineer organisations, as well as national and international policies. Following our analyses, there emerged that BIoT adoption has a positive impact on the achievement of sustainable public procurement processes (the highest effect), on transparency and the trust in public procurement, on reducing corruption and fraud in public procurement and on the achievement of smart public procurement. The paper provides theoretical and practical contributions that should support solutions to the current major challenges and represent a vehicle for innovation and sustainable development alike.
Public procurement accounts for more than 10% of global GDP. Digital transformation of public procurement creates new opportunities for value creation in international markets. Identifying and ...analyzing the companies, especially the SMEs, that can capitalize on these opportunities is therefore an important issue for policymaking, management, and scientific research. This study linked microdata on selected bidders from the Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) e-procurement portal and the Orbis database. Based on a sample of 933 Spanish companies, the analysis provides empirical support for the cross-border size bias conjecture. The reason for this bias is the predominance of large companies among those that serve both domestic and cross-border procurement markets. This bias disappears when the focus is placed exclusively on the cross-border market. This conclusion enables the identification and description of a herd of springbok firms. These springbok firms are defined as SMEs that eschew the domestic public procurement market to focus on the cross-border market.
PDF
