This open access book focuses on the ‘downstream’ element of PFM, that is how public organisations utilise public resources. It argues that improvements in PFM/IC will only flow from a recognition ...that what really matters is the quality of management. Management reform is an essential precondition to the successful implementation of many new techniques. Only when a managerial capacity exists willing to take advantage of the opportunities created by such technical developments, is it beneficial to pursue them. The benefits of PFM/IC flow from an improved quality of management. Despite enormous efforts, reform of public financial management and internal control (PFM/IC) in developing and transition economy countries has not been particularly successful in improving the quality of public service delivery and the use of public resources. This book outlines why this is and suggests a new approach. The analysis set out in this book is particularly relevant especially given limited national budgets and squeezed international aid budgets. These management changes include to the political/official relationships, to management structures, to budgetary and accounting arrangements and to the relationships between, particularly, the ministry of finance and other ministries. They require the delegation of operational management, developments in financial management and in accountability arrangements and a reconsideration of personnel policies, penalty and sanction arrangements. Managerial training for the civil service will be a key requirement. Reform may impact upon traditional cultural practices. These changes are all inter-related and should be coordinated.
•Identifies relevance of the Oslo Manual to measuring public sector innovation.•Discusses definition of innovation in the public sector.•Discusses role of governance and management in public sector ...innovation.•Identifies policy requirements for public sector innovation measurement.•Provides a framework for measuring public sector innovation to assist policy needs.
There is sufficient evidence, drawn from surveys of innovation in the public sector and cognitive testing interviews with public sector managers, to develop a framework for measuring public sector innovation. Although many questions that are covered in the Oslo Manual guidelines for measuring innovation in the private sector can be applied with some modifications to the public sector, public sector innovation surveys need to meet policy needs that require collecting additional types of data. Policy to support public sector innovation requires data on how public sector organizations innovate and how a strategic management approach to innovation can influence the types of innovations that are developed. Both issues require innovations surveys to delve deeply into the innovation processes and strategies that are used by public sector managers. Implementation of the measurement framework proposed in this paper would open up opportunities for a new, policy-relevant research program on public sector innovation.
Medicine and the Law D J McQuoid-Mason
South African medical journal,
08/2022, Letnik:
112, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The case involving Dr Tim De Maayer in Gauteng Province, South Africa (SA), raises the question whether there is a legal and ethical duty on public sector doctors whose complaints to hospital ...administrators have been ignored, to inform the public about harm to child patients due to intentional maladministration, negligence or indifference by the local and provincial authorities. An analysis of the SA Constitution, the National Health Act No. 61 of 2003, the Children’s Act No. 38 of 2005, the Health Professions Act No. 56 of 1974 and the Rules and Guidelines of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) established in terms of the Health Professions Act indicates that Dr De Maayer acted both legally and ethically to protect the child patients at Rahima Moosa Hospital. As the complaints of harm caused to the patients because of conditions in the hospital were raised three times with the official functionaries concerned, and ignored by them, he was fully justified to try other measures to protect the patients. It seems that he hoped that by bringing the conditions at the hospital to the attention of the media, the public reaction would be such as to pressurise the administrators to redress the situation. The irony is that the officials who sought to discipline him were themselves guilty of violating the Constitution, the National Health Act and the Children’s Act, and should be disciplined. Furthermore, if they are registered with the HPCSA, they should be reported and disciplined for violating the HPCSA’s Ethical Rules of Conduct and its Ethical Guidelines on good practice.
•We study the effect of public-sector policies on education decisions.•The effects of policies depend on the labour-market structure.•Longer queues for skilled government jobs offset the gains of ...obtaining education.•Generous policies place downward pressure on private job creation.•We quantify the value of public-sector job security.
We set up a search and matching model with a private and a public sector to understand the effects of employment and wage policies in the public sector on unemployment and education decisions. The effects on the educational composition of the labor force depend crucially on the structure of the labor market. An increase of skilled public-sector wages has a small positive impact on educational composition and larger negative impact on the private employment of skilled workers, if the two sectors are segmented. If there are movements across the two sectors, it has large positive impacts on education and on skilled private employment. We highlight the usefulness of the model for policymakers by calculating the value of public-sector job security for skilled and unskilled workers.
This article considers some of the risks and challenges raised by the use of algorithm-assisted decision-making and predictive tools by the public sector. Alongside, it reviews a number of ...long-standing English administrative law rules designed to regulate the discretionary power of the state. The principles of administrative law are concerned with human decisions involved in the exercise of state power and discretion, thus offering a promising avenue for the regulation of the growing number of algorithm-assisted decisions within the public sector. This article attempts to re-frame key rules for the new algorithmic environment and argues that 'old' law-interpreted for a new context-can help guide lawyers, scientists and public sector practitioners alike when considering the development and deployment of new algorithmic tools.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'.
This article uses job demands–resources theory to build a model of public service motivation (PSM). Public service motivation determines how employees in the public sector deal with their daily job ...demands and resources. Highly motivated public servants are able to deal with their job demands and prevent exhaustion. Additionally, because of their sense of calling, they are motivated to mobilize their job resources to stay engaged and perform well. However, if job demands are consistently high and job resources are consistently low, highly motivated public servants will lose their psychological resources, resulting in lower PSM. Reduced PSM, as a consequence, may strengthen the loss cycle of job demands and exhaustion and weaken the gain cycle of job resources and engagement. Public service managers and employees may use this model to optimize their work environment on a day-to-day basis.
Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar como o Julgamento e Tomada de Decisão dos contadores em entidades do setor público é influenciado por aspectos do indivíduo, da tarefa e as pressões ...institucionais na implementação de normas relacionadas aos procedimentos de incorporação, depreciação e baixa de bens móveis e imóveis. A pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa e descritiva. Foram realizados dois grupos focais e 20 entrevistas com contadores que atuam em entidades do setor público da esfera municipal, estadual e federal, considerando como temáticas os aspectos do indivíduo, da tarefa e pressões institucionais. Os dados dessa pesquisa foram analisados com auxílio do software on-line happyscribe e do software IRAMUTEC. Após o agrupando em categorias conforme os pressupostos teóricos da Teoria Institucional e da Racionalidade Limitada, utilizou-se o método da nuvem de palavras e a análise de similitude, que agrupa as palavras e as organiza graficamente em função da sua frequência. Os resultados apontaram como influencia o conhecimento e experiência; forma de apresentação, complexidade e risco; e as pressões institucionais coercitivas, normativa e mimética no JDM dos contadores na implementação dos procedimentos de incorporação, depreciação e baixa de bens móveis.
Este estudo foi concebido como consequência do reconhecimento da importância que o volume de recursos do orçamento público federal não empregado em função do cancelamento de despesas inscritas em ...restos a pagar exerce na atual conjuntura, na qual a redução da capacidade de financiamento do setor público é uma realidade a ser confrontada, bem como da percepção que a incompletude do ciclo de execução da despesa pública encerra por impor o transporte de saldos significativos de obrigações entre os exercícios financeiros. Com o objetivo geral de identificar o nível de influência que os fatores liberação de limites de movimentação e empenho próximos ao encerramento do exercício financeiro, bem como a inscrição de despesas em restos a pagar exercem sobre o cancelamento de despesas inscritas em restos a pagar, foi estabelecido um apanhado documental e bibliográfico, concomitantemente com a extração de dados da base de informações orçamentária, financeira e contábil do governamental federal, a partir de um recorte longitudinal que considerou o período compreendido entre os anos de 2008 a 2020. Foi empregada uma regressão linear múltipla, que identificou significativa relação entre o volume de saldo inscrito em restos a pagar e o cancelamento destas despesas, bem como com os descontingenciamentos ocorridos próximos ao encerramento dos exercícios e os montantes cancelados, contudo, para estas variáveis foi identificada uma relação negativa. Identificou-se que os fatores pesquisados tendem a afetar tanto a qualidade dos serviços prestados pelo setor público, quanto sua implicação no setor privado e por consequência, na economia em geral.
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