As a root crop known for its substantial nitrogen requirements, carrot responds well to both organic and inorganic fertilizers that supply different amounts of nitrogen. This study aimed to assess ...the efficacy of various proportions of farmyard manure (FYM) and recommended dosages of chemical fertilizers (RDF) in carrot production to address the issues posed by their sole use. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to plan the field study, which consisted of five treatments and five replications with different nitrogen rates and sources, viz., T1 (100% FYM), T2 (25% RDF+75% FYM), T3 (50% RDF+50% FYM), T4 (75% RDF+25% FYM), and T5 (100% RDF) during December 2019 to April 2020 in the tropical region of Sindhuli, Nepal. Among the treatments, T3 exhibited the earliest germination (7.60 DAS) and the most desirable plant height (42.61 cm), root length (20.41 cm), root diameter (3.01 cm), fresh root weight plant-1 (96.04 g), total root dry matter content (15.01%), root biomass plant-1 (55.44 g), and total biomass plant-1 (85.33 g) at harvest. However, T5 resulted in the highest leaf count plant-1 (8.6) and fresh foliage weight plant-1 (42.96 g) at harvest. Similarly, T3 was significantly higher for quality parameters, such as cortex diameter (1.36 cm), pH (6.72), TSS (12.48 0Brix), TA (0.22 g liter-1), and organoleptic score (7.60). Although there were minimal root disorders in T3 (17%), T1 also had insignificant cases of cracking (8%) and postharvest weight loss (1.63%). Thus, reducing nitrogen input from the recommended dose and adding FYM improves carrot yield, quality, and shelf life. Furthermore, this guarantees higher economic returns with a B:C ratio of 1.65. Despite these positive results, the efficacy of the tested nutrient combinations needs to be analyzed on a larger scale, as well as in different ecological regions.
An experiment was conducted during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Horticulture farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to study the effect of different plant nutrients ...and organic substances on growth, flowering, quality and yield attributes of the apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) cultivar Anna. The experiment consists of 19 treatments laid out in a randomized block design. Among the various treatments used, T12 (2.0% nitrogen plus 15% cow urine) was found superior for the growth characteristics of plants, viz. plant height (2.87 m) and plant spread (3.02 m). However, the number of days taken for flowering (70.83), fruit set (19.72 %), fruit weight (177.68 g), fruit diameter (6.40 cm), yield (11.25 kg/plant), TSS (11.45 °Brix), acidity (0.51%), total sugars (10.01%), total phenol (70.72 mg GAE/g), total anthocyanin (19.11 mg/100 g) and total carbohydrate (155.55 mg/g) content were significantly influenced by treatment T6 (400 ppm Boron + 4% Humic acid) during both the years.
The most suitable electrolyte for graphene oxide synthesis, in terms of both production efficiency and quality, using the electrochemical exfoliation technique has been investigated and ...reported in this study. Simultaneous anodic and cathodic graphene oxide production using ten (10) different electrolytes, including acids (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3), bases (KOH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, NaOH), and salts (NaCl, (NH4)2SO4, K2SO4), was studied under the same experimental conditions of bias voltage, graphite nature, exfoliation time, electrolyte molarity, and post-exfoliation treatments. Assessment of the graphene oxide structures and production rates was supported using Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and EDS (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy), attached to the scanning electron microscope. Analysis of the results obtained reveals that H2SO4 showed the highest graphene oxide yield (86%) but with comparably low graphene oxide quality in terms of defect concentration, presence of oxygen functional group contamination, and crystallite properties. The aqueous NaCl, Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 electrolytes did not show any graphene oxide exfoliation effect. However, from the series of electrolytes examined, aqueous (NH4)2SO4 exhibited an excellent combination of efficient graphene oxide yield and high-quality characteristics due to its relatively high yield of 74% and superior quality of the produced graphene oxide with the comparatively lowest defect density, ?D, and highest C/O (carbon-to-oxygen) ratio. The tortuous, agglomerated, and planar layers of the distinct 2D graphene oxide sheets were also clearly revealed by the SEM images. In essence, the roles played by dissociated sulfate (SO42?), nitrate (NO32?), chlorides (Cl?), and hydroxides (OH?) ions in the series of complex electrochemical reactions toward the intercalation, exfoliation, yield, and properties of graphene oxide produced are discussed. From the series of electrolytes tested, aqueous (NH4)2SO4 emerged as the most relatively suitable electrolyte for the synthesis of graphene oxide because it combines both high yield and fine quality.
•Heat stress in plants causes several morphological, physiological and molecular changes affecting growth and yield attributes.•Seed priming is an eco-friendly technology to induce uniform and rapid ...emergence of seed that leads to better stand establishment and improvement in yield, under both optimal and adverse environments.•Nitrate priming of seeds improves seed germination, crop growth, nitrogen metabolism and increases nitrate reductase activity, enabling reversal of heat stress induced responses in plants, maintaining the yield potential of the plants.
Exhaustion of natural sources due to expanding usage leads to an increase in global temperature. Heat stress and rising CO2 severely impact crop growth and catastrophic loss of agriculture ecosystem, productivity and quality. The physiological and metabolic processes of plants are affected by heat stress due to denatured proteins, lipid structure, alteration in membrane integrity and inactivation of enzymes incurred at various growth stages. To diminish heat stress losses in plants, many techniques such as conventional breeding, genetic engineering, molecular breeding were used by the agriculturists, which helped develop tolerant varieties of crops with increased quality and production. Recent advancement in seed priming has many fold impacts such as mitigation of stress via improving tolerance mechanisms in plants, reduction in soil and water pollution, improved production and food quality of important agriculture crops. It is one of the low-cost, reliable and profitable crop improvement techniques. Nitrates have several roles in modulating the plant processes. Priming with nitrate salts improves nitrate reductase and amylase activity, nitrogen, amino acid and chlorophyll content in leaves, causes increase in proline, sugar content, antioxidant metabolism, grain yield, protein and nutrient content in various crops. Despite positive responses of nitrate seed priming, this technology has been less applied in the area of crop production in the field condition. Considering these facts, this review depicts responses of the plants under heat stress and their management through nitrate seed priming.
An assortment consisting of 10 wheat, 8 triticale and 7 barley varieties were cultivated for three years (2010, 2016 and 2017) in two systems of culture: ecological and conventional on the Simnic ...luvosoil. The quality of yield seen from the perspective of the protein content, test weight and the weight of 1000 grains were studied from the interactions: species x culture system and variety x culture system. The aim is to promote the species and varieties that are distinguished from the point of view of the quality of the production obtained under the conditions of cultivation in an ecological system, a system that ensures the quality of life by the fact that the yield does not use pesticides and chemical fertilizers. All the varieties experienced in all three species recorded diminished yields, statistically assured under ecological conditions in relation to those sown under conventional crop conditions. In terms of quality, only triticale varieties Titan and Oda obtained at all three quality indices (protein content, test weight and the weight of 1000 grains) simultaneously, values is in the ecological system at the level obtained in the conventional system. From the point of view of the quality of the obtained yield, it was shown that the wheat and triticale did not differentiate between ecological and conventional while the barley showed significant decreases in protein content and weight of 1000 grains under the same reported conditions.
Precision irrigation in grapevines could be achieved using physiologically based irrigation scheduling methods. This paper describes an investigation on the effects of three midday stem water ...potential (midday
Ψ
S) thresholds, imposed from post-setting, over water use, vegetative growth, grape quality and yield of grapevines cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. An experiment was carried out on a vineyard located at the Isla de Maipo, Metropolitana Region, Chile, throughout the 2002/03, 2003/04 and 2004/05 growing seasons. Irrigation treatments consisted in reaching the following midday
Ψ
S thresholds: −0.8 to −0.95
MPa (T1); −1.0 to −1.2
MPa (T2) and −1.25 to −1.4
MPa (T3) from post-setting to harvest. Results showed significant differences in grape quality components among treatments and seasons studied. In average, T3 produced smallest berry diameter (6% reduction compared to T1), high skin to pulp ratio (13% increment compared to T1) and significant increments in soluble solids and anthocyanins. Improvements in grape quality attributes were attributed to mild grapevine water stress due to significant reductions in water application (46% for T2 and 89% for T3 less in average, both compared to T1). This study found significant correlations between midday
Ψ
S and berry quality components, no detrimental effects on yield by treatments were found in this study. This research proposes a suitable physiological index and thresholds to manage RDI and irrigation scheduling on grapevines to achieve high quality grapes on mild water stress conditions.
A field experiment was conducted during 2015–16 at the research farm of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir to ...see the effect of growth regulators on yield and quality of 23 years old Sahebi grape (Vitis vinifera L.). The experiment comprised of 9 treatments with 2 growth regulators, viz. GA3 (20 and 40 ppm), 6-BA (10 and 20 ppm) and their combinations were sprayed at 3 stages, viz. S1, pre-bloom (single spray); S2, 3–4 mm berry size (single spray); S3, pre-bloom + 3–4 mm berry size (double superimposed spray) were replicated thrice in randomized block design (RBD). Observations were recorded on berry yield, bunch and physico-chemical characteristics. Application of GA3 @40 ppm + 6-BA @10 ppm at pre-bloom + 3–4 mm berry size (double superimposed spray) stage resulted in highest berry yield, bunch weight, bunch length and total sugars followed by treatment G6S3 during both the years, however treatment G8S3 recorded significantly higher bunch diameter, berry length, berry weight, total soluble solids, TSS/acid ratio and juice content. The interaction studies had no influence on berry diameter, acidity, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content.
The suitable establishment of a crop depends on seed quality, among another factors. However, with high production costs many producers use uncertified seeds, to reduce expenses with this input at ...sowing time. The objective was to evaluate germination, vigor and health of soybean seeds, diseases incidence in cvs. NS 5445 IPRO and BMX Ativa RR, whose seeds were of certified and uncertified origins, as well as yield components and grain yield of soybeans, with or without fungicides application. The experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 crop season, in Erechim-RS. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC): one in the laboratory, under a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (cultivar x origin); and another in the field in a homogeneous area, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (with/without fungicide application and certified/uncertified seed) for two cultivars, both with four replications. The variables evaluated were: germination and seed health, yield (kg ha-1), thousand grains weight (g), number of grains per plant, and incidence of foliar fungal diseases. The main fungi identified in seeds were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The highest incidence percentage were obtained in uncertifed seeds, at two harvests. Both cultivars and origins presented the minimum germination required for commercialization, however, certified seeds had better performance for seed vigor. As for normal seedlings, there was a significant difference only for the 2016/17 crop season, with the highest percentage obtained in certified seeds (52.0% for NS 5445 and 73.5% for BMX Ativa). Best productivity was achieved with cultivation of certified seeds associated with fungicides in both crops and cultivars. For thousand grains weight (TGW) there was no difference in origin, but only for cultivar and fungicides apply. The number of grains per plant was higher in plants from certified seeds and that received fungicides, being cv. BMX Ativa the most responsive for the two harvests analyzed. The main diseases found in the two harvests were: Asian rust, powdery mildew, mildew, septoriosis and cercosporiosis. However, seed origin, in both crops, did not differ in the incidence of Asian rust, powdery mildew and mildew, but for septoriosis and cercosporiosis, considered soybean late season diseases, seed origin is a determining fator.
Behavior of some Eggplant Varieties in the Vidra Area - Ilfov BUZATU, Mihaela Alina; COSTACHE, Marcel; CROITORU, Mihaela ...
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture,
05/2018, Letnik:
75, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The main purpose of the experiences organized at Research and Development Institute for Vegetable and Flower Growing Vidra was to evaluate the behavior of different cultivars of eggplants in specific ...soil and climate conditions of the Vidra area and to identify those with high yields, with quality fruits and tolerant to soil borne pathogens attack. In 2016, 12 cultivars of eggplants were studied: 6 non-hybrid varieties (Daniela, Luiza, Dragaica, Zaraza, Belona, Black Beauty) and 6 hybrids (Andra F1, Rebeca F1, Bibo F1, Clorinda F1, Mirabelle F1, Epic F1).The highest yield was achieved in Rebeca F1 and Luiza cultivars. The highest vitamin C content was realized at Rebeca F1, Luiza, and Zaraza cultivars. The Mirabelle F1 hybrid and Black Beauty variety presented a reduced sensitivity to Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae.
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