In this study, we produced a detailed digital soil map of topsoil texture and soil organic matter (SOM) content for 2.4millionha of arable land in Sweden (DSMS). Three spatially exhaustive datasets ...(a laser-scanned digital elevation model, airborne gamma radiation scanning data and a legacy Quaternary deposit map) were calibrated against topsoil texture and SOM content in around 13,500 soil samples, using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARSplines) modelling. We then deployed the MARSplines models to produce raster maps (50m×50m) of clay, sand and SOM content. The modelling procedure was validated by an independent dataset of about 24,000 samples clustered on 544 farms (with a local sample density of one per 3ha). The error in clay content was <8% in 75% of the validation samples, while for sand content and SOM content it was 13% and 2%, respectively. Corresponding values for the farm-average level were 6%, 11% and 2%, respectively. Modelling efficiency values revealed that the clay content map was a considerable improvement over the mean of the reference values at national level, regional level and, in many cases, also farm level. However, SOM content predictions showed little or no improvement over the mean of the reference samples (at any scale), due to poor correlation with the exhaustive predictor variables at all three scales investigated. The DSMS soil geodatabase will continue to be improved and have more layers added, e.g. derived layers calculated from the primary clay, sand and SOM layers by use of pedotransfer functions. Practical use of DSMS is exemplified here in an internet application for deriving prescription files for precision agriculture.
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•The digital soil map of Sweden (DSMS) is a national geodatabase of soil texture.•DSMS was validated at three scales: national, regional and farm.•National statistics reveal little about on-farm accuracy.•Validation procedures need to be well documented in order to be useful.•Digital soil maps should be accompanied by accuracy measures at multiple scales.
En la actualidad resulta imperativo el estudio de los depósitos superficiales ya sea para fines económicos, ambientales o científicos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo actualizar el ...mapa de depósitos cuaternarios de la parte NNW de la Cordillera de Guaniguanico a partir de datos de pozos de investigaciones geológicas regionales, para lo cual se realizó la interpretación compleja de la documentación de los sondeos. La metodología empleada consta de las siguientes etapas: revisión bibliográfica, análisis de la base de datos de los registros de pozos, procesamiento del modelo digital del terreno (MDT), interpretación de los mapas regionales (suelos y espectrometría gamma), y la cartografía de los depósitos recientes. El MDT fue procesado para derivar los mapas de pendientes y de formas del relieve, los cuales juntos con el mapa disponible de depósitos cuaternarios, el mapa de suelos, el mapa de radioelementos y un profundo análisis de las condiciones geomorfológicas y litológicas, permitió determinar los tipos de sedimentos presentes en el área. Los espesores calculados en los pozos que atraviesan los depósitos superficiales fueron interpolados mediante el método geoestadístico Kriging Ordinario para construir el mapa de isópacas. El trabajo demostró la utilidad del procesamiento y análisis de los pozos de investigaciones geológicas regionales para actualizar los mapas de depósitos cuaternarios y revelar el patrón de distribución de sus espesores. A través del estudio se pudo identificar los siguientes tipos de depósitos: aluviales, eluvio-coluvio-proluviales, marinos, palustres y depósitos terrígenos constituidos por la Fm. Guane y un conjunto no diferenciable de las formaciones Guane más Guevara. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por ejemplo para la prospección y exploración de yacimientos minerales, la búsqueda de nuevas zonas para la perforación de pozos hidrológicos o estudios para la preservación del medio ambiente.
We present a new 1:25,000-scale geological map of the lower Belice River valley, the area struck by the M > 5.0 devastating 1968 seismic sequence, whose seismic source and seismotectonic framework ...are still controversial. The map, utilizing dating methods and traditional field survey approaches integrated by high-resolution topography, provides an unprecedented detail and precision on the spatial distribution and on the compressional growth geometries of the prominent sedimentary sequence. This map, supported by the first recognition of an on-shore Chibanian-Calabrian deposition and by identifying a flight of marine terraces, offers new insights on the long-lasting syn-depositional tectonic forces up to late-Pleistocene-Holocene times. Such tectonic forces may take part in the regional ongoing deformational phase, prompting detailed studies on the potential seismic sources affecting the area.
Variation in groundwater manganese in Finland Kousa, Anne; Komulainen, Hannu; Hatakka, Tarja ...
Environmental geochemistry and health,
03/2021, Letnik:
43, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Increasing evidence has emerged that Mn derived from drinking water could be a health risk, especially for children. This study aimed to provide more information on the variation in Mn concentrations ...in well water and factors that affect manganese concentrations in groundwater in the natural environment. The geochemical data consisted of analyses of single water samples (
n
= 5311) that were taken only once and data from monitoring sites where water samples (
n
= 4607) were repeatedly taken and analyzed annually from the same wells. In addition, the well-specific results from six wells at monitoring sites were described in detail. We obtained the data on water samples from the groundwater database of Geological Survey of Finland. In single samples, Mn concentrations varied from < 0.02 µg/l to 5800 µg/l in bedrock well waters and up to 6560 µg/l in Quaternary deposit well waters. Results from single water samples from bedrock wells and Quaternary deposit wells indicated that the dissolved oxygen content has an inverse association with the Mn concentration. When the dissolved oxygen O
2
levels were lower, the Mn concentrations were higher. No clear association was found between the Mn concentration and the pH or depth of the well for single samples. Part of Mn was particle bound, because total Mn was higher than soluble Mn in most measured samples. In the monitoring survey, large variation in Mn concentrations was found in bedrock well water in Kemijärvi, 114–352 µg/l, and in dug well water in Hämeenkoski, 8.77–2640 µg/l. Seasonal and spatial variability in Mn concentrations in water samples from two bedrock wells was large at monitoring sites in northern Finland. Variability in the Mn concentrations in groundwater can be large, even in the same area. These data suggest that single measurements of the Mn concentration from a water source may not reveal the Mn status, and measurement of both the total and soluble Mn concentrations may be recommended.
Soft-winged flower beetles (Coleoptera, Malachiidae),
Apalochrus femoralis pallipes
Motschulsky, 1860 and
Ebaeus
Erichson, 1840 species, are recorded for the first time from Quaternary fossils in the ...deposit Ustyanka-1 near Ustyanka river, the right tributary of Alei river in Altaiskii Krai, West Siberia, Russia. The strata containing malachiid fragments belong to the warm phase of the late glacial succession. It is shown that soft-winged flower beetles are typical of Holocene deposits and practically unknown from cold phases of the Pleistocene, except in the case of
Protapalochrus
Evers, 1987 which has been recorded from the Pleistocene. Illustrations of the external appearance of both male and female of the beetles, and sub-fossil remains of
Apalochrus femoralis pallipes
Motschulsky, 1860 and three species from the
Ebaeus rufipes
-group distributed in the region are given, together with details of their position within the Ustyanka-1 deposit. Data on the Malachiidae in Quaternary deposits of the Northern Hemisphere are briefly reviewed.
We present a new 1:25,000-scale geological map of the Middle Aterno Valley basin, the epicenter of the 2009 L'Aquila M
W
6.1 earthquake. This earthquake highlighted the incomplete understanding of ...the geology of the area, in particular the Quaternary continental deposits and active tectonics, which caused the Paganica fault system to be ignored by researchers.
The map, utilizing airborne LiDAR analysis and traditional field survey approaches, is the first example in Italy (and one of the few in Europe) that integrates high-resolution topography in active tectonic studies. With unprecedented detail and precision on the spatial distribution of deposits, the map of the geomorphic and tectonic features provides new insight for the reconstruction of the Quaternary basin evolution and estimation of long-term deformation rates for the the Paganica fault system. Detailed fault mapping of Quaternary deposits represents an essential input for seismic hazard assessment and surface faulting hazard evaluation.
Quaternary deposit landslides are a representative type of geological disasters in the Three Gorges area. Landslide medium–long-term forecast results offer an important and effective measure to ...prevent landslide disasters and help guarantee operation security of the reservoir. We applied data mining methods into landslide spatio-temporal data analysis to discover the cause mechanisms, triggered factors and deformation laws, as well as provided medium–long-term forecast criteria for Quaternary deposit landslides in Zigui County in the Three Gorges. We showed that data mining methods used in this study offer an interesting and useful vehicle supporting analysis of a huge amount of landslide spatio-temporal data. The established forecast model exhibits high accuracy, while the discovered forecast criteria come with high confidence and representation capabilities.
Issyk-Kul basin is closed lake with an area along watersheds 22,080 km2. In terms of geological this is synclinal structure in eastern part of plicate area of north Tien-Shan, which is characterized ...with difficult many stores building with predominance in mixture of abyssal and metamorphic rocks of Riphean-low Paleozoic age. In terms of hydrogeological this is a difficult intermountain artesian basin Mesozoic age in the central part basin, which is symmetrical framed from south and north of Teskei and Kungei hydro-geological massifs. Displaying the newest tectonics essentially affect the hydrogeological situation of region. Feature of that is increasing the amplitude of newest deformation from west to east and from north to south. Radiological and hydrochemical characterization of underground waters in quaternary deposits of Issyk-Kul lake coastal zone was analyzed.
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