Radiografi kedokteran gigi terus mengalami perkembangan. Hal ini dapat terlihat dengan adanya perubahan dari radiografi konvensional ke radiografi digital. Dari waktu ke waktu penggunaan radiografi ...digital terus mengalami peningkatan. Namun penggunaan radiografi digital tidak sepenuhnya dapat menggantikan penggunaan radiografi konvensional. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara radiografi konvensional dan digital, serta memberikan informasi kepada para praktisi untuk mengetahui perkembangan dan kemajuan radiografi dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, khususnya dalam perawatan endodontik. Radiografi digital menunjukkan keunggulan dalam dosis radiasi, akurasi, keandalan, spesifisitas dari pencitraan dan efektivitas kinerja penggunaannya dibandingkan dengan radiografi konvensional. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik radiografi yang digunakan terdiri dari teknik konvensional dan digital. Dimana teknik digital memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan teknik konvensional, dan merupakan pemeriksaan penunjang dalam praktek kedokteran gigi khususnya dalam bidang endodontik (periapikal, oklusal, panoramik dan CBCT – 3D).
ABSTRAKBruxism dapat menyebabkan nyeri pada otot mastikasi atau sendi temporomandibula (TMJ). Beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa bruxism dapat memberikan beban besar pada TMJ. Namun, penelitian ...mengenai efek bruxism pada prosesus kondilaris masih minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan luas permukaan prosesus kondilaris pada penderita bruxism dibandingkan dengan bukan penderita bruxism berdasarkan radiograf panoramik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik cross-sectional pada radiograf panoramik penderita dan bukan penderita bruxism di Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Padjadjaran (RSGM Unpad). Kelompok bruxism terdiri dari 24 subjek sementara kelompok bukan penderita bruxism terdiri dari 20 subjek. Luas permukaan prosesus kondilaris diukur menggunakan software ImageJ. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan independent t-test, dan chi-squared test. Reliabilitas ditentukan menggunakan intra-class correlation coefficient. Penelitian ini mendapatkan rata-rata luas permukaan prosesus kondilaris pada penderita bruxism di regio kanan dan kiri adalah 201,38 39.36 mm dan 191,05 41,90 mm. Pada kelompok bukan penderita bruxism, rata-ratanya adalah 251,35 49,52 mm dan 234,34 43,86 mm di regio kanan dan kiri Penelitian ini menemukan rata-rata luas permukaan prosesus kondilaris pada pasien bruxism lebih kecil dari bukan penderita bruxism tetapi perbedaannya tidak signifikan. Selain itu, perbedaan luas permukaan tidak terikat dengan kondisi bruxism.ABSTRACTBruxism can cause pain in the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Studies have shown that bruxism can exert large load on the TMJ. However, research on the effects of bruxism on the condylar process is still rare. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in the surface area of the condylar process in patients with bruxism compared to patients without bruxism based on panoramic radiographs. This was a cross-sectional analytic study conducted on panoramic radiographs of bruxism and non-bruxism patient at the Radiology Unit in Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Padjadjaran (RSGM UNPAD). The bruxism group consisted of 24 subjects, while the non-bruxism group consisted of 20 subjects. Condylar surface area was measured using ImageJ software. The results were analyzed with independent t-test and chi-squared test. Reliability was determined using intra-class correlation coefficient. The average surface area of the right and left condylar process in bruxism patients was 201.38 ± 39.36 mm and 191.05 ± 41.90 mm. In non-bruxism patients, the mean surface area was 251.35 ± 49.52 mm and 234.34 ± 43.86 mm in the right and left region. This study found that the average surface area of condylar process in bruxism patients was smaller than non-bruxism patients. but the difference was not significant. In addition, the difference in surface area was not related to the condition of bruxism.
Purpose: The purpose of this work was to assess a proof of concept for a novel method for predicting proton stopping power ratios (SPRs) based on a pair of dual-energy CT generated virtual ...monoenergetic (VM) images.
Materials and methods: A rapid kV-switching dual-energy CT scanner was used to acquire Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) and 120 kV conventional single-energy CT (SECT) image data of the CIRS 062M phantom. The proposed method was applied to every possible pairing of VM images between 40 and 140 keV to find the optimal energy pairs for SPR prediction in lung tissue, soft tissue, and bone. The predicted SPRs were compared against SPRs predicted from the SECT data using the conventional SECT-based method. The impact of different scan and reconstruction parameters was also investigated.
Results: The SPR residual root mean square errors (RMSE) yielded by the optimal pairs were 7.2% for lung tissue, 0.4% for soft tissue, and 0.8% for bone. While no direct comparison could be made to other DECT-based methods for SPR prediction, as these methods could not be directly implemented on a fast kV-switching system, the SPR RMSEs for soft tissue and bone in Table 4 are comparable to RMSEs reported in the literature. For the conventional SECT-based method, the SPR RMSEs were 5.9% for lung tissue, 0.9% for soft tissue, and 5.1% for bone.
Conclusions: The proposed method is a valid alternative to, and has the potential to improve upon, the conventional SECT-based method for predicting SPRs. The formalism used in the method is applied directly, with no approximations made on our part, and requires neither prior knowledge of the spectra nor calibration with a phantom. This work presents a way of optimizing the proposed method for a specific scanner by determining the optimal energy pairs to use as input and demonstrates the method's robustness to different levels of ASiR-V, reconstruction kernels, and dose levels.
Pendahuluan: Bahan pengisi saluran akar yang digunakan hingga saat ini adalah gutta percha yang dalam aplikasinya harus dikombinasikan dengan sealer saluran akar. Sealer yang baik harus memiliki ...skala radiopasitas yang tinggi sehingga dapat dibedakan densitasnya dengan jaringan disekitarnya, tujuannya supaya sealer dapat diidentifikasi maupun di monitor bila terjadi kerusakan pada gigi setelah dilakukan perawatan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan radiopasitas antara sealer berbahan dasar resin epoksi, sealer berbahan MTA, dan sealer berbahan dasar biokeramik pada teknik radiografi periapikal dengan menggunakan densitometer. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Dua puluh tujuh sampel penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok I sealer berbahan dasar resin epoksi. Kelompok II sealer berbahan dasar MTA. Kelompok III sealer berbahan dasar biokeramik. Ketiga kelompok dimasukkan ke dalam cincin plastik berukuran 10 x 1 mm, kemudian dilakukan pengambilan gambar dengan teknik radiografi periapikal digital menggunakan dental x-ray yang beroperasi di 70 KVp dan 8 mA dengan jarak fokus ke jarak 30 cm dan eksposur distandarisasi untuk 0,25 detik. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan densitometer, data yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari ketiga kelompok terdapat perbedaan radiopasitas secara signifikan (p<0,05). Sealer berbahan dasar resin epoksi (12,9 mmAl) secara signifikan lebih radiopak daripada sealer berbahan dasar biokeramik (8,04 mmAl) dan sealer berbahan dasar MTA (6,90 mmAl). Radiopasitas dipengaruhi oleh komposisi bahan kimia, media kontras anorganik, nomor atom, komposisi radiopacifier dan densitas pada sealer. Simpulan: Sealer berbahan dasar resin epoksi memiliki radiopasitas tertinggi dibandingkan dengan yang berbahan dasar MTA dan biokeramik. ABSTRACT Introduction: Nowadays, gutta-percha is widely used as the root canal filling material. However, in its application, it must be combined with a root canal sealer. A good sealer must have a high radiopacity scale value to distinguish its density from the surrounding tissue. In addition, the sealer must be able to be identified and monitored concerning the damage to the teeth after treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyse the radiopacity differences between sealers based on epoxy resin, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and bioceramics on periapical radiographs using a densitometer. Methods: This research was analytic observational with a cross-sectional method. Twenty-seven study samples were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of an epoxy resin-based resin. Group II consisted of an MTA-based sealer. Group III consisted of a bioceramic-based sealer. The three groups were put in a 10 x 1 mm plastic ring. The radiographic images were taken using digital periapical radiography using dental x-rays operating at 70 KVp and 8 mA with a focal distance of 30 cm and exposure standardised to 0.25 seconds. Observations were performed using a densitometer, and the resulting data were then analysed using the One-Way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in radiopacity (p<0.05). Epoxy resin-based sealers (12.9 mmAl) were significantly more radiopaque than bioceramic-based sealers (8.04 mmAl) and MTA-based sealers (6.90 mmAl). Radiopacity is influenced by chemical composition, inorganic contrast medium, atomic number, radiopacifier composition and sealer density. Conclusions: Epoxy resin-based sealers have the highest radiopacity compared to MTA and bioceramic-based sealers.
COVID-19 merupakan penyakit pandemi di seluruh dunia. Jumlah kasus baru COVID-19 dari tahun ke tahun sudah semakin berkurang. Namun, kasus COVID-19 masih tetap ada di masyarakat, karena kesadaran ...masyarakat mengenai pencegahan penyakit mulai berkurang. Pemeriksaan yang rutin dilakukan dalam menegakkan diagnosis COVID-19 adalah radiografi toraks. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pemeriksaan radiografi toraks sebagai pemeriksaan rutin dalam menegakkan penyakit COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pre and post-test design yaitu memberikan penyuluhan tentang penegakan diagnosa COVID-19 dengan pemeriksaan radiografi toraks disertai dengan kuesioner pre dan post penyuluhan. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat didapatkan rata-rata nilai pre-test 69 dan rata-rata nilai post-test 83. Kesimpulan pada pengabdian masyarakat didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta yang dilihat dari nilai post-test bila dibandingkan nilai pre-test.
It has been postulated that in the liver, applying increased probe pressure during ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) might lead to a false increase in the SWE result. We aimed to ...determine the influence of increased intercostal probe pressure when performing SWE of the liver. We also investigated the number of measurements required to achieve technically successful and reliable SWE examinations. This prospective, clinical study included 112 patients and 2240 SWE measurements of the liver. We applied probe pressure intercostally, to reduce the skin-to-liver capsule distance (SCD), which could stabilize the SWE signal and thus increase the number of technically successful measurements. We performed 10 measurements with maximum probe pressure and 10 with normal pressure in each patient. Thus, two analysis groups were compared for differences. Compared with normal pressure, maximum probe pressure significantly reduced the SCD (p < 0.001) and significantly increased the number of technically successful measurements from 981 to 1098, respectively (p < 0.001). The SWE results with normal and maximum probe pressure were 5.96 kPa (interquartile range: 2.41) and 5.45 kPa (interquartile range: 1.96), respectively (p < 0.001). In obese patients, a large SCD poses a diagnostic challenge for ultrasound SWE. We found that maximum intercostal probe pressure could reduce the SCD and increase the number of technically successful measurements, without falsely increasing the SWE result. Only three measurements were required to achieve technically successful and reliable SWE examinations.
Pendahuluan: Sella tursika adalah cekungan berbentuk pelana (saddle shaped) tulang sphenoid yang terletak pada fosa kranium media dan merupakan referensi anatomis yang penting pada analisis ...sefalometri. Morfologi dan dimensi sella tursika dapat dipengaruhi oleh kelenjar pituitari yang mengakibatkan gangguan regulasi sekresi kelenjar hormon, dan/atau gangguan celah bibir dan langit-langit. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis perbedaan morfologi dan dimensi sella tursika pada pasien celah bibir langit-langit dan tanpa celah bibir langit-langit non sindromik usia 6-15 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional dengan purposive sampling pada 46 radiografi sefalometri lateral terstandarisasi yang terdiri dari 23 sampel pada masing-masing kelompok. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan Kolmogorov Smirnov Z dan independent sample t-test. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan morfologi dinding anterior oblique lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien celah bibir langit-langit non sindromik, sedangkan morfologi normal lebih banyak ditemukan pada pasien tanpa celah bibir langit-langit (p=0,026). Terdapat perbedaan diameter dan kedalaman sella tursika antara kedua subjek, dan ditemukan bahwa pasien celah bibir langit-langit non sindromik memiliki rerata dimensi yang lebih kecil dibandingkan pasien tanpa celah bibir langit-langit (p=0,043 dan p=0,001). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan morfologi dan dimensi sela tursika berupa diameter dan kedalaman sela tursika yang lebih kecil pada pasien celah bibir langit-langit dibandingkan pasien tanpa celah bibir langit-langit non sindromik usia 6-15 tahun. ABSTRACT Introduction: The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression of the sphenoid bone in the middle of the cranial fossa and is an essential anatomical reference in cephalometric analysis. The morphology and dimensions of the sella turcica can be influenced by the pituitary gland, impaired regulation of hormone secretion and cleft lip and palate disorders. This study was aimed to analyse the differences in the morphology and dimensions of the sella turcica in patients with cleft palate and non-syndromic cleft palate aged 6-15 years. Methods: This study was cross-sectional with purposive sampling on 46 standardised lateral cephalometric radiographs consisting of 23 samples in each group. Data were analysed statistically using Kolmogorov Smirnov Z and an independent sample t-test. Results: The results showed that the morphology of the anterior oblique wall was more commonly found in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients, while normal morphology was found more in patients without cleft palate (p=0.026). There were differences in the diameter and depth of the sella turcica between the two subjects, and it was found that non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients had a smaller mean dimension than patients without cleft palate (p=0.043 and p=0.001). Conclusions: There are morphological differences and dimensions of the sella turcica in the form of a smaller diameter and depth of the cleft palate in patients with cleft palate compared to patients without non-syndromic cleft palate aged 6-15 years.
The aim of the study was to investigate patient-related factors associated with either reliable or poorly reliable measurement results of ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) of the liver. ...A total of 188 patients were analyzed prospectively with binary logistic regression using the interquartile range/median as cutoff to define two groups based on reliable and poorly reliable SWE results. SWE results correlated significantly with liver biopsy. Factors associated with reliable SWE results (i.e., no negative impact on measurements) were age, sex, cirrhosis, antiviral and/or cardiovascular medication, smoking habits and body mass index. Factors associated with poorly reliable SWE results were increased skin-to-liver capsule distance (odds ratio = 3.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.70–5.60) and steatosis (odds ratio = 2.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.33–6.28). These findings indicate that the interquartile range/median as a quality parameter is useful in avoiding poorly reliable SWE results. How best to examine patients with increased skin-to-liver capsule distance is a matter of some controversy, as the incidences of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome are increasing worldwide; however, our results indicate that reliable SWE results can be obtained in this group of patients by using ultrasound-based SWE.
Background
Economic evidence for comparing low fraction with ultra-hypo fractionated (UHF) radiation therapy in the treatment of intermediate-to-high-risk prostate cancer (PC) is lacking, especially ...in Europe. This study presents an economic evaluation performed alongside an ongoing clinical trial.
Aim
To investigate up to 6 years’ follow-up whether conventional fractionation (CF, 78.0 Gy in 39 fractions, 5 days per week for 8 weeks) is more cost-effective than UHF (42.7 Gy in 7 fractions, 3 days per week for 2.5 weeks inclusive of 2 weekends) radiotherapy in treatment for patients with intermediate-to-high-risk PC.
Method
HYPO-RT-PC trial is an open-label, randomized, multicenter (10 in Sweden; 2 in Denmark) phase-3 trial. Patients from Sweden (CF 434; UHF 445) were included in this study. The trial database was linked to the National Patient Registry (NPR). Costs for inpatient/non-primary outpatient care for each episode were retrieved. For calculating Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was mapped to the EQ-5D-3L index. Multivariable regression analyses were used to compare the difference in costs and QALYs, adjusting for age and baseline costs, and health status. The confidence interval for the difference in costs, QALYs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated by the bootstrap percentile method.
Results
No significant differences were found in ICER between the two arms after 6 years of follow-up.
Conclusion
The current study did not support that the ultra-hypo-fractionated treatment was more cost-effective than the conventional fraction treatment up to the sixth year of the trial.
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