Raki is an aniseed flavoured traditional Turkish alcoholic drink. Antioxidant capacity of raki samples from different commercial brands were evaluated by CUPRAC, DPPH, TEAC and ORAC assays and ...correlations between these assays and total phenolic content were also investigated. Additionally, the one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were performed to compare differences between values of the samples. Results indicated that different raki samples exhibited different antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. The mean antioxidant capacity values of samples were in the order of: ORAC>TEAC>CUPRAC>DPPH. The correlations of total phenolic content of samples with their CUPRAC, TEAC and ORAC results were found statistically significant, while DPPH assay showed no significant correlation.
Mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which is a rapid and relatively small amount of waste producing technique, was used to predict several quality parameters of two types of alcoholic beverages, wine and ...raki. Mid-infrared spectra of red, rose and white wines and a traditional aniseed alcoholic beverage, raki were collected and relations were established between measured chemical parameters (pH, brix, total phenol content, anthocyanin content, titratable acidity, sugar content, electrical conductivity and some colour parameters) of these beverages and their infrared spectra using chemometric techniques. Partial least square regression provided excellent prediction of total phenol (
R
2
= 0.97) and anthocyanin contents (
R
2
= 0.98) of wine samples and a good prediction of pH (
R
2
= 0.9), brix (
R
2
= 0.92) and colour intensity (
R
2
= 0.93) values were obtained. Brix, total phenol and sugar content of raki samples were also estimated very successfully (
R
2
= 0.99) for raki and good prediction was obtained with pH value. Mid-IR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics could be a promising technique for determination of several quality parameters of alcoholic beverages simultaneously and rapidly.
Illegal alcohol beverages known as bogma raki in our country are consumed widely in our region. The studies investigating the relationship between alcohol consumption and hearing ability report ...different results. In this study, we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of bogma raki that contains neurotoxic substances on cochlea by electron microscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in the literature. A total of 48 Wistar male albino rats (aged 12–16 weeks and weighing 200–240 g) were used in the study. The rats were divided into 4 groups with 12 animals in each group. The groups include control, bogma raki, walnut, and walnut + bogma raki groups. Bogma raki (30% v/v, 9.2 ml kg−1 day−1) is added to drinking water of rats in bogma raki group (n = 12) for 4 weeks. Walnut group rats (n = 12) are fed with standard rat food and walnut without limitation (10 g kg−1 day−1). Bogma raki + walnut group rats (n = 12) are fed with standard rat food and walnut and bogma raki is added to drinking water. The cochleas were dissected and removed en bloc and examined by electron microscopy. Perineuronal oedema around neurons of spiral ganglion and hairy cells of organ of Corti were present in the bogma raki group, walnut group and bogma raki + walnut group under electron microscopic examination. Comparing these three groups, there were no differences in the ultrastructural pathological changes. In the ultrastructural examination of the myelinated axons forming cochlear nerve, no ultrastructural pathology was detected in all the groups.
Abstract Objective and aim : Alcohol-related hepatotoxicity is not only caused by excessive alcohol consumption but also caused and even accelerated by hepatotoxic ingredients other than ethanol. ...Concentrations of hepatotoxic substances might be significantly high, particularly in illegally produced home-made alcohols. In this study we aim to analyze the hepatotoxic effects of a home-made alcohol traditionally called “bogma raki” in Turkey. Materials and method Fifty Wistar albino male rats were used. Five groups were randomly formed with ten animals in each. Besides laboratory diets, groups were fed as follows: Group 1 (control group) distilled water; Group 2 bogma raki with distilled water (%44 (v/v), 9.2 ml/kg/day); Group 3 bogma raki with distilled water (%44 (v/v), 9.2 ml/kg/day)+walnut (10 g/kg/day); Group 4 whisky with distilled water (%40 (v/v), 9.2 ml/kg/day); Group 5 distilled water + walnut (10 g/kg/day), for 28 days. The toxicological analysis of The spirits were analyzed using Hewlett-Packard (Palo Alto, CA) GC/MS system with HP 6890 gas chromatograph, an HP 5972 mass selective detector (MSD) and an HP 6890 automatic liquid sampler GC/MS; the pressure of the carrier gas helium was 6.0 bar and the split value with a ratio of 1:100. The injection unit temperature set to 250 °C and MS quadrupole temperature set to 280 °C. The MS quadrupole detector ionization energy set to 70 eV. The initial column temperature was 60 °C (for 4 min) programmed by 6 °C/min to final temperature 160 °C and kept for 8 min at 160 °C. Utilized whisky and bogma raki samples were analyzed for the amounts of trans -anethole, ethanol, methanol, 1-propanolol, butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanolol (isobutanol) and 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol). Histopathological changes in liver tissues were graded as follows; normal = 0 (<10%), mild = 1 (10%–40%), moderate = 2 (40%–70%), severe = 3 (above 70%). Results Chemical composition of illegally produced raki sample (%v/v) was as follows: trans -anethole %1.93, ethanol %95.70, 2-methyl-1-propanolol (isobutanol) %0.19, asetic acid %0.25, 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol) %0.77, and others %1.16. Chemical composition of commercial whisky sample (%v/v) was as follows: ethanol %97.72, 2-methyl-1-propanolol (isobutanol) %0.57, asetic acid %0.23, 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol) %1.28, and others %0.2. No traces of trans -anethole were detected in whisky. Normal liver morphology was recorded in control and walnut groups. However, bogma raki caused significant congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to control and walnut group. On the other hand, whisky administration caused mild degeneration including inflammation in a limited area. Conclusion Obtained findings suggest that trans -anethole containing alcoholic beverages are more hepatotoxic compared to commercial alcoholic beverages.
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - ...Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Paliativno kirurško zdravljene je pomemben del celostne paliativne oskrbe bolnikov z neozdravljivim malignim obolenjem. Z njim želimo predvsem omiliti simptome, ne pa podaljšati preživetja. Podatkov ...iz prospektivnih študij, na podlagi katerih bi kirurško zdravili paliativne bolnike, je v literaturi razmeroma malo, kar še otežuje odločanje o takem zdravljenju. Pri odločitvah je pomemben multidisciplinaren pristop.
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - ...Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - ...Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Original language summary:
Ouzo gehört zu Griechenland wie das Bier zu Deutschland. In Plomari auf der Insel Lesbos wird der ...Anisschnaps jedes Jahr mit einem Festival gefeiert – denn hier hat die Ouzo-Herstellung eine besonders lange Tradition.- Greece would not be Greece without ouzo. Every year, the town of Plomari on the island of Lesbos celebrates the country's most popular anise liquor. It has a particularly long tradition here.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
PDF
