The present knowledge of the carbonate system in the northern Adriatic is described in this short overview. Its buffer capacity is rather high, due to riverine input of carbonates dissolved from ...Alpine and Karstic watersheds, and the waters should have a higher resilience to acidification. In the shallow eutrophic areas, the combined effect of rising atmospheric CO2, warming and river-induced anthropogenic CO2 with the associated decrease in buffer capacity could act to acidification process. Significant effect on calcifying organisms is expected in the future.
Izhodišče: V akutni fazi nevrorehabilitacije imajo bolniki po nevrokirurških posegih pogosto motnje statičnega kot tudi dinamičnega ravnotežja. Lestvica za oceno funkcionalnosti hoje (angl. FGA) ...omogoča oceniti dinamično ravnotežje med hojo in je primerna za izvajanje specifičnih kompleksnih gibalnih spretnosti in temu primernih ravnotežnih odzivov. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti stopnjo izboljšanja dinamičnega ravnotežja pri bolnikih po odstranitvi vestibularnega tumorja z uporabo lestvice za ocenjevanje funkcionalnosti hoje, ki smo jo uporabili kot vadbeno orodje v času hospitalizacije.Metode: V prospektivno raziskavo smo vključili 10 bolnikov po kirurški odstranitvi vestibularnega tumorja, ki so bili sposobni slediti navodilom in so na Kratkem preizkusu spoznavnih sposobnosti (KPSS) dosegli več kot 25 točk od 30 možnih in dobili oceno po indeksu Barthelove več kot 8 od 20 točk. Med hospitalizacijo smo vse bolnike vključili v individualno prilagojeni program ravnotežnih spretnosti s poudarkom na različnih funkcijskih in kognitivnih nalogah, ki jih vključuje lestvica FGA, in jo uporabili kot učinkovito vadbeno orodje. Kot merilno orodje pa smo lestvico FGA uporabili za oceno dinamičnega ravnotežja ob odpustu bolnikov iz bolnišnice v domače okolje in ponovno po treh mesecih od odpusta. Bolniki so dobili tudi pisna navodila in posnetke vaj na DVD- ju za ustrezno nadaljevanje izvajanja dejavnosti v domačem okolju.Rezultati: Povprečna starost vključenih bolnikov (6 žensk, 2 moška, 2 najstnika) je bila 39,5 let (razpon 18–57 let). Hospitalizacija je povprečno trajala 10,5 dni (razpon od 7 do 14 dni). Šest bolnikov je ob odpustu iz bolnišnice po lestvici FGA dobilo oceno od 8–14/30, štirje bolniki pa vrednosti 16–20/30, kar kaže na prisotnost zmernih do hudih motenj dinamičnega ravnotežja. Tri mesece po odpustu je 7 bolnikov doseglo več kot 22 točk (od 24–28/30), kar pomeni, da so imeli blage motnje dinamičnega ravnotežja, 3 bolniki so dosegli manj kot 22 točk (od 14–18/30), kar pomeni, do so imeli med hojo zmerne do hude motnje dinamičnega ravnotežja, zato so potrebovali nadzor ali pomoč druge osebe. V naši raziskavi je minimalno izračunano zaznavno spremembo 4 točke po FGA preseglo 70 % bolnikov, kar kaže na izboljšanje dinamičnega ravnotežja.Zaključek: Lestvica za oceno funkcionalnosti hoje se je izkazala kot odlično vadbeno orodje za odkrivanje motenj in izboljšanje dinamičnega ravnotežja, ki ugodno vpliva na specifične gibalne spretnosti in tako olajša bolnikovo delovanje v domačem okolju.
Aluminium alloys of group 2xxx contain copper as the main alloying element. Copper increases the strength and workability of the alloy, but also reduces the corrosion resistance and weldability. ...During casting, a nonequilibrium solidification occurs. Therefore, the cast alloy needs to be heat treated with a so-called homogenization process. Homogenization allows us to eliminate crystalline segregations and low-melting eutectics, and also causes changes in the morphology of intermetallic phases. The forming ability is in this way increased. In this research the subject of the investigations was the aluminium alloy with designation EN AW 2011 (AlCuBiPb), whereas the comparative analysis before and after homogenization annealing was made. Homogenization was conducted at 520 °C for 6 h. First, slices from two rods before and after homogenization were cut out, where three samples from each slice of the rod, namely in the middle, on D/4 and at the edge of the slice were prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on all six samples, the results were compared with each other in order to establish the structure homogeneity before and after the homogenization process through the cross-section of the rod. Samples for light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also prepared, whereas the phase composition and chemical homogeneity were analysed. Using the Thermo-Calc program, the nonequilibrium solidification was simulated and the phase formation during solidification was examined. From the obtained results, it was concluded that the homogenization was carried out successfully, due to a homogeneous chemical distribution in the examined phases and to a fairly homogeneous chemical composition throughout the cross-section of the rod slice.
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