Authors′ response Sharma, Meenakshi; Goel, Sonu; Singh, Sharad ...
Indian journal of medical research (New Delhi, India : 1994),
10/2015, Letnik:
141, Številka:
4
Journal Article
An Emerging Theory of Avatar Marketing Miao, Fred; Kozlenkova, Irina V.; Wang, Haizhong ...
Journal of marketing,
01/2022, Letnik:
86, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Avatars are becoming increasingly popular in contemporary marketing strategies, but their effectiveness for achieving performance outcomes (e.g., purchase likelihood) varies widely in practice. ...Related academic literature is fragmented, lacking both definitional consistency and conceptual clarity. This article makes three main contributions to avatar theory and managerial practice. First, to address ambiguity with respect to its definition, this study identifies and critically evaluates key conceptual elements of the term avatar, offers a definition derived from this analysis, and provides a typology of avatars’ design elements. Second, the proposed 2 × 2 avatar taxonomy suggests that the alignment of an avatar’s form realism and behavioral realism, across different contingencies, provides a parsimonious explanation for avatar effectiveness. Third, the authors develop an emerging theory of avatar marketing by triangulating insights from fundamental elements of avatars, a synthesis of extant research, and business practices. This framework integrates key theoretical insights, research propositions, and important managerial implications for this expanding area of marketing strategy. Lastly, the authors outline a research program to test the propositions and insights as well as advance future research.
The relation of supervenience of the moral on the natural is the main premise of two objections recently leveled at non-reductivism in metaethics. These objections start with moral supervenience and ...conclude with the untenability of robust, non-reductive moral realism. The paper states the most plausible supervenience thesis in metaethics and elucidates some relevant assumptions and consequences of the supervenience view (§ 2). It then deals with the first supervenience argument, the Co-Extensiveness Argument. The main issue here concerns the ontological legitimacy of infinitely disjunctive properties and the need to meet the particularist challenge, which leads to the rejection of the Co-Extensiveness Argument (§§ 3-5). The target of the next sections is the second supervenience argument, the Explanatory Argument. Their aim is to make clear that the standard type of reduction by identity leads to the result that reductive realism has the same purportedly unsolvable explanatory problem proponents of the Explanatory Argument critically attribute to robust realism (§§ 6-8). Finally, it is argued that a novel type of reduction recently proposed by Mark Schroeder, reduction by analysis, can solve this problem on behalf of reductionism. But contrary to first appearances, this is good news, not bad news, for robust realism (§§ 9-10).
For a long time, the appeal of expressivism has dominated the debate in metaethics. Normative irrealism, as represented by expressivism, exerted pressure on the debate and seemed to fence off any ...realistic claim. A striking trend in the contemporary discussion, however, is the emergence of theories that acknowledge a core value of truth in realist-normative views, given that expressivism failed in the attempt to meet the challenges posed by cognitivism. From Simon Blackburn’s quasi-realism to the ecumenical expressivism defended by Michael Ridge, the debate now seeks to make compatible the benefits of irrealism and the intuitively plausible account of the language and practice of morality embodied in classical normative realism, which never ceased to be the starting point of any metaethical theorizing. The present paper characterizes, draws parallels between, and confronts these two main contributions for the reinterpretation of expressivism. Although recognizing the undeniable merits of these positions, the paper aims to reveal some open questions that, unlike the intentions stated by their proponents, push these more contemporary and sophisticated views back to classical points of view that they would like to overcome.
Modal realists face a puzzle. For modal realism to be justified, modal realists need to be able to give a successful reduction of modality. A simple argument, however, appears to show that the ...reduction they propose fails. In order to defend the claim that modal realism is justified, modal realists therefore need to either show that this argument fails, or show that modal realists can give another reduction of modality that is successful. I argue that modal realists cannot do either of these things and that, as a result, modal realism is unjustified and should be rejected.
Head‐mounted displays with dense pixel arrays used for virtual reality applications require high frame rates and low latency rendering. This forms a challenging use case for any rendering approach. ...In addition to its ability of generating realistic images, ray tracing offers a number of distinct advantages, but has been held back mainly by its performance. In this paper, we present an approach that significantly improves image generation performance of ray tracing. This is done by combining foveated rendering based on eye tracking with reprojection rendering using previous frames in order to drastically reduce the number of new image samples per frame. To reproject samples a coarse geometry is reconstructed from a G‐Buffer. Possible errors introduced by this reprojection as well as parts that are critical to the perception are scheduled for resampling. Additionally, a coarse color buffer is used to provide an initial image, refined smoothly by more samples were needed. Evaluations and user tests show that our method achieves real‐time frame rates, while visual differences compared to fully rendered images are hardly perceivable. As a result, we can ray trace non‐trivial static scenes for the Oculus DK2 HMD at 1182 × 1464 per eye within the the VSync limits without perceived visual differences.
En la primera meitat del segle XX, Gamaliel Churata va construir una proposta teòrica capaç de conceptualitzar una nova identitat americana, superar les deficiències de l'indigenisme i permetre a ...l'americà superar els problemes que planteja la modernitat. Estava sustentada en la valoració de les arrels del continent i interacció amb diverses cosmovisions, especialment l'occidental que no rebutja com a element de la americanitat. Pas necessari era abandonar el logocentrisme i assimilar la cosmovisió andina que permet la trobada d'elements irreconciliables per a occident. No obstant això, Gamaliel Churata ha d'elaborar altres categoremes perquè l'engranatge funcioni; per exemple, el realisme psíquic, del com la seva obra El pez de oro és plasmació literària.
A superb introduction to the ethical aspects of war and peace,
this collection of tightly integrated essays explores the reasons
for waging war and for fighting with restraint as formulated in a
...diversity of ethical traditions, religious and secular. Beginning
with the classic debate between political realism and natural law,
this book seeks to expand the conversation by bringing in the
voices of Judaism, Islam, Christian pacifism, and contemporary
feminism. In so doing, it addresses a set of questions: How do the
adherents to each viewpoint understand the ideas of war and peace?
What attitudes toward war and peace are reflected in these
understandings? What grounds for war, if any, are recognized within
each perspective? What constraints apply to the conduct of war? Can
these constraints be set aside in situations of extremity? Each
contributor responds to this set of questions on behalf of the
ethical perspective he or she is presenting. The concluding
chapters compare and contrast the perspectives presented without
seeking to adjudicate their differences. Because of its inclusive,
objective, comparative, and dialogic approach, the book serves as a
valuable resource for scholars, journalists, policymakers, and
anyone else who wants to acquire a better understanding of the
range of moral viewpoints that shape current discussion of war and
peace. In addition to the editor, the contributors are Joseph
Boyle, Michael G. Cartwright, Jean Bethke Elshtain, John Finnis,
Sohail H. Hashmi, Theodore J. Koontz, David R. Mapel, Jeff McMahan,
Richard B. Miller, Aviezer Ravitzky, Bassam Tibi, Sarah Tobias, and
Michael Walzer.
Background: Epilepsy surgery or subpial resection involves surgical removal of cortical tissue lesions. This resection technique is a critical bimanual task that is often mastered by trainees during ...live patient operations. Given the challenges faced during the pandemic, which impeded regular access to operating rooms, we sought to assess the educational potential of an ex vivo calf brain model for acquiring subpial resection skills. Methods: A pilot study was carried out in which neurosurgical fellows and residents were asked to perform a subpial corticectomy resection of 3 distinct cortical areas in an ex vivo calf brain model. The corticectomies were carried out using microscissors, a bipolar, and an ultrasonic aspirator while using an operating microscope. The educational potential of the model was assessed via questionnaires using a 7-point Likert scale. Results: A total of 10 participants were included: 2 neurosurgical fellows, 5 senior residents, and 3 junior residents. A median score > 6.0 was achieved in rating the realism of the preoperative setup, the sensory and tactile realism of the brain and the pia, and the use of the 3 surgical instruments. Participants found the task to be moderately difficult (median score 4.0) and outlined that they would use this simulation setup to practise their subpial resection skills if the model were available in their program (median score 7.0). Conclusion: In this pilot study, the ex vivo calf brain epilepsy model demonstrated educational potential. Face, content, and construct validation studies are proceeding to further outline the utility of this model in epilepsy bimanual psychomotor skills training.
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