Abstract In this paper, the process of the design a Teaching Learning Sequence (TLS) on Newton’s Law for high school is presented. The design of the TLS follows Design Based Research (DBR) ...methodology First, the grasp of the design is going to be presented to later, present the data obtained after the application of instruments designed to evaluate the TLS regarding the students achievement and the quality of the TLS. How we involved in-service teachers to participate in the design and redesign process and the implementation of the TLS is also explained.
Nature has provided a fantastic array of enzymes that are responsible for essential biochemical functions but not usually suitable for technological applications. Not content with the natural ...repertoire, protein engineering holds promise to extend the applications of improved enzymes with tailored properties. However, engineering of robust proteins remains a difficult task since the positive mutation library may not cooperate to reach the target function in most cases owing to the ubiquity of epistatic effects. The main demand lies in identifying an efficient path of accumulated mutations. Herein, we devised a computational strategy (greedy accumulated strategy for protein engineering, GRAPE) to improve the robustness of a PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis. A systematic clustering analysis combined with greedy accumulation of beneficial mutations in a computationally derived library enabled the redesign of a variant, DuraPETase, which exhibits an apparent melting temperature that is drastically elevated by 31 °C and a strikingly enhanced degradation toward semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films (30%) at mild temperatures (over 300-fold). Complete biodegradation of 2 g/L microplastics to water-soluble products under mild conditions is also achieved, opening up opportunities to steer the biological degradation of uncollectable PET waste and further conversion of the resulting monomers to high-value molecules. The crystal structure revealed the individual mutation match with the design model. Concurrently, synergistic effects are captured, while epistatic interactions are alleviated during the accumulation process. We anticipate that our design strategy will provide a broadly applicable strategy for global optimization of enzyme performance.
Membrane desalination is a promising technology for addressing the global challenge of water scarcity by augmenting fresh water supply. Continuous progress in this technology relies on development of ...membrane materials. The state-of-the-art membranes used in a wide range of desalination applications are polyamide thin-film composite (TFC) membranes which are formed by interfacial polymerization (IP). Despite the wide use of such membranes in desalination, their real-world application is still hampered by several technical obstacles. These challenges of the TFC membranes largely stem from the inherent limitations of the polyamide chemistry, as well as the IP reaction mechanisms. In the past decade, we have witnessed substantial progress in the understanding of polyamide formation mechanisms and the development of new IP strategies that can potentially lead to the redesign of TFC membranes. In this Tutorial, we first present a brief history of the development of desalination membranes and highlight the major challenges of the existing TFC membranes. We then proceed to discuss the pros and cons of emerging IP-based fabrication strategies aiming at improving the performance of TFC membranes. Next, we present technical obstacles and recent efforts in the characterization of TFC membranes to enable fundamental understanding of relevant mechanisms. We conclude with a discussion of the current gap between industrial needs and academic research in designing high-performance TFC membranes, and provide an outlook on future research directions for advancing IP-based fabrication processes.
This tutorial review covers the history, current progress, and future research directions of interfacial polymerization for making high-performance desalination membranes.
Changing where, when, and how objects are studied is central to lab-based science (Knorr Cetina, 1999). Science involves changing the scale of objects—particularly scales of size, time, and ...intensity—from what is experienced in the world. Similar to investigations conducted in science laboratories, classroom investigations involve re-representing and re-scaling entities, manipulating them, and observing effects in new locations and timescales. However, this aspect of investigation is under-studied and under-utilized as a resource for learning. We argue that, from elementary school, children can experience quantification, or identifying, developing, and working with variables, as consequential and can take up differences in representation and scale in empirical investigations as opportunities for sense-making and conceptual progress. We describe two instantiations of an investigation into heating and cooling, showing that 7- and 8-year-old students oriented to gaps and ambiguities related to temperature and that the redesign supported children and teachers to take up temperature for productive sense-making and conceptual progress. We examine opportunities for quantification across the heating and cooling investigation and a second investigation into landforms. This work has implications for supporting quantification in science activity in the early grades and using empirical investigations as opportunities for sense-making.
Designing between tradition and innovation Soares, Liliana; Aparo, Ermanno; Rivas, Manuel ...
Materials today : proceedings,
2023, 2023-00-00, Letnik:
85
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper highlights that to designing between tradition and innovation it is important to comprise identity, value, and product life cycle. The authors underline a building of a slaughterhouse from ...the North of Portugal, located between the Atlantic Ocean and the historical center of a city, that has been inactive since 1990 and awaits adaptation. This means that administrative inefficiency presents itself as a new problem that designers, builders and entrepreneurs must face, requiring to constantly diagnose the situation.
Methodologically, this research is supported by co-design and productive reasoning, connecting conventional methods with new techniques. The paper presents some cases of restoration of buildings, or even entire neighborhoods where the installation of creative activities positive for the economy of an entire urban community.
This paper constitutes a creative approach relating design and business world, bridging the gap between tradition and innovation. This project can serve as a stimulus to attract companies, creating new Stakeholders that stimulate development and innovation. It is hoped to found judgments, incentives and, above all, conditions so that creative young people can continue to live on their own land or turning this place into a pole of attraction of creativity, competitive and with a sense of future.
An antilock braking system (ABS) is one of the most effective active safety control systems for ground vehicles, since it can keep the rotational wheel from locking and, consequently, guarantee the ...braking safety and handling stability. There have been a variety of ABS control schemes proposed by many researchers. However, most of the results employ sundry tire-road friction models, the alleged <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu\, \text{--}\,\lambda</tex-math></inline-formula> curves (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math></inline-formula> is the tire-road friction coefficient, while <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\lambda</tex-math></inline-formula> is the tire slip ratio, which is mathematically defined as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\lambda =({v-\omega r})/{v}</tex-math></inline-formula>), making the ABS controller extremely complicated for the highly nonlinear characteristics of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu\, \text{--}\,\lambda</tex-math></inline-formula> relationship. Furthermore, the a priori knowledge of road conditions for these ABS controllers restricts their practicability. To circumvent these problems, a two-time-scale ABS control scheme is proposed in this paper, without considering the intricate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu\, \text{--}\,\lambda</tex-math></inline-formula> relationship, making the a priori knowledge of the road condition no longer a prerequisite; thus, the designed ABS controller is rather simple. In addition, a modified fast-time-scale estimator is involved to estimate the road condition, which is significant in vehicle active dynamics control. The effectiveness of the proposed ABS controller is verified via numerical simulations and CarSim-MATLAB cosimulations.
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