In the 1930s and 1940s, rural reformers in the United States and Mexico waged unprecedented campaigns to remake their countrysides in the name of agrarian justice and agricultural ...productivity.Agrarian Crossingstells the story of how these campaigns were conducted in dialogue with one another as reformers in each nation came to exchange models, plans, and strategies with their equivalents across the border.
Dismantling the artificial boundaries that can divide American and Latin American history, Tore Olsson shows how the agrarian histories of both regions share far more than we realize. He traces the connections between the US South and the plantation zones of Mexico, places that suffered parallel problems of environmental decline, rural poverty, and gross inequities in land tenure. Bringing this tumultuous era vividly to life, he describes how Roosevelt's New Deal drew on Mexican revolutionary agrarianism to shape its program for the rural South. Olsson also looks at how the US South served as the domestic laboratory for the Rockefeller Foundation's "green revolution" in Mexico-which would become the most important Third World development campaign of the twentieth century-and how the Mexican government attempted to replicate the hydraulic development of the Tennessee Valley Authority after World War II.
Rather than a comparative history,Agrarian Crossingsis an innovative history of comparisons and the ways they affected policy, moved people, and reshaped the landscape.
Dugotrajnost Peloponeskog rata iziskivala je stalnu prilagodbu gradovadržava kako bi nadvladali neprijatelja, što će posljedično od njih iziskivati dodatna financijska sredstva. Iako se i Atena i ...Sparta nastoje financirati vanjskim prihodima poput danka saveznika ili pljačke neprijatelja, u što treba ubrojiti porobljavanje neprijateljskih vojnika i stanovništva, važnu ulogu imat će njihovi unutarnji izvori financiranja. U ovom kontekstu, posebno je zanimljiv atenski pokušaj da potrebna sredstva namakne eisforom, proeisforom, epidosejom i diobolijom, što će u desetljećima nakon okončanja Peloponeskog rata dovesti do pravednije i sveobuhvatnije raspodjele poreznog tereta kroz uvođenje poreznih konzorcija.
In 1988, a new health care system, the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health Care System or SUS) was formally established in Brazil. The system was intended, among other goals, to provide universal ...access to health care services and to redefine health as a citizen's right and a duty of the state. A Right to Health explores how these goals have unfolded within an urban peripheral community located on the edges of the northeastern city of Fortaleza. Focusing on the decade 1998–2008 and the impact of health care reforms on one low-income neighborhood, Jessica Jerome documents the tensions that arose between the ideals of the reforms and their entanglement with pervasive socioeconomic inequality, neoliberal economic policy, and generational tension with the community.Using ethnographic and historical research, the book traces the history of political activism in the community, showing that, since the community's formation in the early 1930s, residents have consistently fought for health care services. In so doing, Jerome develops a multilayered portrait of urban peripheral life and suggests that the notion of health care as a right of each citizen plays a major role not only in the way in which health care is allocated, but, perhaps more importantly, in how health care is understood and experienced.
"Ford Motor Company would not have survived the competition had it not been for an emphasis on results. We must view education the same way, " the U.S. Secretary of Education declared in 2003. But is ...he right? In this provocative new book, Larry Cuban takes aim at the alluring cliché that schools should be more businesslike, and shows that in its long history in business-minded America, no one has shown that a business model can be successfully applied to education.In this straight-talking book, one of the most distinguished scholars in education charts the Gilded Age beginnings of the influential view that American schools should be organized to meet the needs of American businesses, and run according to principles of cost-efficiency, bottom-line thinking, and customer satisfaction.Not only are schools by their nature not businesslike, Cuban argues, but the attempt to run them along business lines leads to dangerous over-standardization--of tests, and of goals for our children. Why should we think that there is such a thing as one best school? Is "college for all" achievable--or even desirable? Even if it were possible, do we really want schools to operate as bootcamps for a workforce? Cuban suggests that the best business-inspired improvement for American education would be more consistent and sustained on-the-job worker training, tailored for the job to be done, and business leaders' encouragement--and adoption--of an ethic of civic engagement and public service.
La dernière décennie, les universités équatoriennes participent activement dans les défis de l’Éducation Supérieure proposés par le Gouvernement de la République : la transformation des institutions ...académiques de formation des enseignants et de centres de recherche. Dans ce sens, les universités privées affrontent plus de défis que les universités publiques. Ce travail nous montre les résultats d’une observation de dix mois dans une institution privée et représentative de l’Équateur: l’Université des Amériques (UDLA). Les conclusions indiquent qu’il existe de problèmes structurels au sein de l’UDLA, donc il faut faire conduire vers l’incorporation d’initiatives fondées dans l’intérêt social.
En la última década, las universidades ecuatorianas participan activamente de los desafíos de la Educación Superior planteados por el Gobierno de la República: la transformación de las instituciones académicas de centros de docencia, en centros de investigación. En ese sentido, las universidades confinanciación privada enfrentan una mayor cantidad de retos, ya que a diferencia de las que poseen fondos públicos, disponen de un número limitado de recursos humanos y materiales. Con este trabajo, mostraremos los resultados de una observación de diez meses en una institución privada emblemática del Ecuador: la Universidad de las Américas (UDLA). Las conclusiones reflejan los problemas estructurales a los que se enfrentan unas universidades que, como el caso de la UDLA, deben evolucionar hacia la articulación de iniciativas basadas en el interés social y no en el beneficio económico.
In the last decade, Ecuadorian universities actively participate in the challenges of Higher Education raised by the Government of the Republic: the transformation of academic institutions of teaching centers, in research centers. In that sense, privately funded universities face a greater number of challenges, since, unlike those with public funds, they have a limited number of human and material resources. With this work, we will show the results of a ten-month observation in an emblematic private institution of Ecuador: the University of the Americas (UDLA). The conclusions reflect the structural problems confronted by some universities that, like the UDLA, must evolve towards the articulation of initiatives based on social interest and not on economic benefit.
Marijaterezijanska politika zdravstvenih reformi i pozitivne demografije diljem dunavske monarhije, pa tako i u Bjelovaru, koji je carica Maria Theresia dala izgraditi u središtu Varaždinskoga ...generalata 1756. godine, sačinjavala je ozakonjenje školovanja zdravstvenih profesija, osnivanje bolnica i ksenodohija putem javnozdravstvenih i brojnih komunitetskih propisa, koji su bili ključni temelj kasnijih zdravstvenih zakona i propisa. U Bjelovaru do osnivanja grada nije postojala organizirana i profesionalna zdravstvena skrb, no od početka osnivanja grada provodila se zakonska zdravstvena regulativa u svim sastavnicama: osnovana je prva bolnica u gradu koja u kontinuitetu djeluje do danas; osnovane su satnijske sanitetske stanice s kirurzima i satnijskm primaljama diljem Generalata; osnovane su prve ljekarne; osnovani su ksenodohiji (lazareti) izvan grada kao svojevrsne karantene; u gradu i okolici službovali su brojni školovani zdravstveni djelatnici reguliranih profesija: liječnici (doktori medicine), viši i niži kirurzi, ljekarnici, primalje, liječnički pomoćnici i bolničari. Geografski položaj Varaždinskoga generalata i Bjelovara, daleko od aktivnih ratišta i habsburško-osmanske granice, osiguravao je uz implementaciju javnozdravstvenih uredbi ipak mirnije javno zdravlje i razvoj zdravstvene skrbi i medicine na koje se moglo utjecati centraliziranim pristupom s bečkoga dvora druge polovice 18. stoljeća.
On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther posted his ninety-five theses on the castle church door in Wittenberg. More than any other event, this has the best claim to be the starting gun that set the ...Reformation in motion. Five hundred years later, the Reformation still has important things to say. In this clear, incisive and accessible survey, Michael Reeves and Tim Chester show how the Reformation helps us answer questions like: How do we know what's true? Can we truly know God? How does God speak? What's wrong with us? How can we be saved? Who am I? That many people today find the Reformation strange and remote exposes our preoccupation with this material world and this momentary life. If there is a world beyond this world, and a life beyond this life, then it doesn't seem to matter very much to us. At its heart, the Reformation was a dispute about how we know God and how we can be right with him. At stake was our eternal future - and it still is.
InThe Quest for Citizenship, Kim Cary Warren examines the formation of African American and Native American citizenship, belonging, and identity in the United States by comparing educational ...experiences in Kansas between 1880 and 1935. Warren focuses her study on Kansas, thought by many to be the quintessential free state, not only because it was home to sizable populations of Indian groups and former slaves, but also because of its unique history of conflict over freedom during the antebellum period.After the Civil War, white reformers opened segregated schools, ultimately reinforcing the very racial hierarchies that they claimed to challenge. To resist the effects of these reformers' actions, African Americans developed strategies that emphasized inclusion and integration, while autonomy and bicultural identities provided the focal point for Native Americans' understanding of what it meant to be an American. Warren argues that these approaches to defining American citizenship served as ideological precursors to the Indian rights and civil rights movements.This comparative history of two nonwhite races provides a revealing analysis of the intersection of education, social control, and resistance, and the formation and meaning of identity for minority groups in America.
