This book analyses in detail half a century of international discussions on housing, slums and informal settlements, identifies policy phases (self-help, enabling) and discusses pros and cons of ...applied measures globally and in the context of Indonesia. It contributes to a better understanding of interlinkages between urban governance and housing policies by employing the analytical framework of policy arrangements, and by developing a normative compass based on Henri Lefebvre’s right to the city. Empirically, it examines and compares housing strategies (social housing, resettlements, slum upgrading) and modes of governance in two case studies, the Indonesian cities Surabaya and Surakarta.
Dieses Buch analysiert ein halbes Jahrhundert internationaler Diskussionen um Wohnraum, Slums und informelle Siedlungen, identifiziert Phasen von Wohnungspolitik (self-help, enabling) und diskutiert die Vor-und Nachteile angewandter Maßnahmen aus einer globalen und Indonesischen Perspektive. Mithilfe des Analysekonzepts der Policy Arrangements und der Entwicklung eines normativen Kompasses, der auf Henri Lefebvre’s Recht auf Stadt beruht, wird ein besseres Verständnis der Verflechtungen städtischer Governance und Wohnungspolitik erreicht. In zwei empirischen Fallstudien, den indonesischen Städten Surabaya und Surakarta, werden Wohnungsbaustrategien (sozialer Wohnungsbau, Umsiedlungen, slum-upgrading) und Formen von Governance vergleichend untersucht.
O lice ziemi (For the Face of the Earth) – the collection of writings by Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski, published in 1938, is interesting not only for historical reasons and as a reference point for ...contemporary ecological movements. A hybrid work (in which the subject of the Tatra Mountains occupies an important place) also encourages literary research using the tools suggested by geopoetics. The article analyses how mountains are presented in this volume, focusing on the relationship between geographic space and literature. The precursor of ecology, characterising the Tatra Mountains, draws attention to “space, light, silence”. The “holy trinity” taken from the poems by Kazimierz Tetmajer suggests an open mountain space. At the same time, Pawlikowski writes about the peaks as a home, the closest surroundings, giving them the features of a tamed place. On the other hand, he strongly valorises the limitation of mountain space as a result of modernisation processes negatively. The “beautification” and unrestricted access to the Tatra Mountains related to the development of tourism and skiing raised his objection. The effect is the literal transformation of the mountains into a “playground” and the reduction of symbolic meanings, reducing the peaks to a “pile of stones”. Paradoxically, however, closing the mountain space also turns out to be a necessity. The necessary restrictions are related to the idea of creating a national park in the Tatra Mountains, for which Pawlikowski fought. Numerous antinomies, contrasts and paradoxes dynamise the texture of the mountains in O lice ziemi and encourage a holistic view of the Tatras as a cultural landscape.
Urban geography is a complex and synthetic geographical discipline, which makes an immeasurable contribution to the integral and interactive perception of geographical elements and factors that have ...influenced the formation and transformation of settlement-geographical features. The first papers containing urban-geographical content appeared in the first half of the 19th century, but since urbanization became a worldwide process in the 20th century, it can be stated that urban geography became a geographical discipline in the 20th century. Contemporary urban development contributed to the affirmation of urban geography as an independent scientific discipline, where object of study is not only the city within its administrative boundaries, but also urban expansion (urbanization). Today, urban geography has evolved into a complex geographical discipline, where theoretical and methodological roots of knowledge corpus related to the phenomenon of the city have been shaped by an interdisciplinary approach between geography and other sciences that study the city from different theoretical and methodological angles. With the increase in the number of inhabitants in the world, cities have become “magnets” of economic, socio-cultural and political processes. They are increasingly studied from a global perspective, while urban geography is becoming the main focus of research. In other higher education institutions in Europe, urban geography is established as a special scientific discipline. However, although it has a wide and complex subject of study and occupies a very important place in various types of social practice, urban geography is still studied in Serbia within its mainstream subject – Geography of settlements.
Methodological, organizational, legal, political and other aspects of ensuring the stability of regions and territorial communities have been studied. The best world practices in this field are ...analyzed on the examples of the formation and functioning of the security districts of the Netherlands and local sustainability forums of Great Britain. Problems and prospects of ensuring the stability of regions and territorial communities in Ukraine are identified. Recommendations for the formation of a comprehensive model of interagency cooperation and coordination of activities in the field of national security and sustainability at the regional and local levels in Ukraine are proposed. Designed for experts, scientists, specialists in the field of national security, subjects of power, representatives of public organizations and individuals, all who are interested in the problems of building national stability. The publication can also be useful in the development and adoption of regulations governing legal relations in this area.
The aim of the author was to analyse land cover and its changes in the Łódź Voivodeship in the years 2000–2018. Based on CORINE Land Cover data and using GIS tools, analysis of land cover and its ...changes were performed for three intervals – the years 2000–2006, 2006–2012 and 2012–2018 – in spatial and quantitative terms. This approach allowed the land cover of the studied area to be characterised and the directions, intensity and spatial distribution of changes to be captured. In the study the density of changes was measured using the method of density distribution estimation with the use of non-para-metric nuclear estimators – the kernel function.
The grasslands of the Northern Velebit National Park are for the most part not a primary type of vegetation, however, they came about as a consequence of human activity by deforestation,burning, ...grazing and mowing. This process began several millennia ago and has continuously maintained the balance between the forest and grasslands, and it has resulted in a greater biodiversity than what would have been in the untouched natural state. In the second half of the 20th century, traditional seasonal transhumant vertical migrations of people and livestock from Podgorje to the Velebit summer pastures were discontinued as a consequence of the great depopulation of Podgorje, which today is the least populated region in Croatia. Studies of the vegetation of the grasslands within the park during 2009 and 2010 indicated the large diversity of the grasslands which differ from one another depending on the above sea level altitude, relief of the terrain, features of the soil, influence of the wind and the former usage of the land. Succession, in other words, the encroachment of the grassland areas by woody and shrubby species was noted over almost all types of grassland, however, the intensity of the succesion and also the species which grow depend on the type of grassland. Succession is significantly slower on grasslands in the upper zones than on grasslands of the littoral slopes, due to the shorter vegetation period, the harsher climate, the exposure to the strong bura wind and wider grasslands which under hihger succession pressure than the smaller, fragmented grasslands that we come across at the lower altitudes. The conservation of grasslands would have to be a priority for the park’s management, because besides the exceptional biodiversity, the grasslands also tell us about the history of the whole region, the way of life, the economy and the movements, and makes up an essential and immeasurable important part of both the natural and cultural heritage.
The author has presented a historical outline of the development of university level education in the Łódź Voivode-ship, especially during periods of centrally planned economy (1945–1989) and free ...market economy (since 1990). Numbers of higher education institutions (public and non-public), of students, of graduates and of academic teachers were analysed. Church and military schools were not considered, because data concerning them were not provided, neither by the Statistics Poland nor by the Łódź Voivodeship Statistical Office. The distribution of extraneous university branches (operating outside Łódź City and even outside of the Łódź Voivodeship) was also discussed.
The subject of this study was the development and structural transformation of the population of the Łódź Voivodeship over the last more than one hundred years. Population transformations were ...analysed for four periods: 1) pre-1918; 2) 1918–1945; 3) 1946–1989; and 4) 1990–2018. A demographic forecast of the Łódź Voivodeship was made up to 2050. The structure of the population of the investigated region was considered, taking into consideration the population according to demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural divisions and spatial features. The basic aim of the author was to establish general tendencies in the development and restructuring of the population of the Łódź region and its spatial typology.
The article presents the most important aspects of tourism development in the Łódź region against the background of the most important periods in the development of this phenomenon in Poland. ...Particular attention has been focused on the last one hundred years, during which the Łódź Voivodeship has existed within the administrative division of the country. The development of the phenomenon was also periodised, and the distinguished periods were characterised, indicating their cha-racteristic features.
The article presents the process by which the urban settlement network of Łódź Voivodeship was shaped in geo-graphical, historical and geostatistical terms. For this reason the descriptive statistics ...and spatial analysis were used in the research, including Wroclaw dendrite, centrographic methods and density function (kernel function). Data were processed in order to apply them using GIS methods and tools. The paper presents a quantitative, spatial and dynamic analysis of changes in the urban settlement network of the Łódź Voivodeship. To this end, information about cities within the borders of the modern Łódź Voivodeship was used, such as: the date of granting of city rights, and the number, geographical location and number of inhabitants of cities. The obtained results provided the basis for indicating the role played in this network by the main city, i.e. Łódź (the capital of the voivodeship) and other cities included in the Łódź agglomeration, and enabled the presentation of processes taking place in the structure of the cities and their distribution.
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