A national park is, on the one hand, the most valuable natural property under thehighest form of protection, and on the other, a public good that must remain available as such.Hence the presence of ...man in national parks. The consequence of this presence is, inter alia,littering these areas, which often occurs despite the fact that the rules for making national parksavailable are strictly defined and controlled. A high level of ecological awareness of tourists wasindicated as a factor that can cause a significant and permanent change in undesirable behaviorleading to littering in national parks. The attention was paid to the great importance in shapingthis awareness of all informal educational activities carried out by national parks.
The observation, results and regularities quoted so far bring about several theoretical and practical remarks. Let us present the most essential of them. The function analysis, expressing the ...investigated distance function analysis referring to various places in space, meet many difficulties in a total presentation. The available data, used most frequently, are only samples taken from a definite place, point in space or subjectively defined time. Still, there exists an essential problem for geographical investigation, namely to what extent these samples are representative of the surrounding reality. The interpretation of the finding obtained in this way brings about almost analogous problems. The above refers to space observation. Moreover, the relativity of distance measures is not enough to treat these conventional premises and instruments as absolute.
The aim of the paper has been to assess the transport system of the commune (Polish: gmina) of Konopiska (Śląskie voivodeship, southern Poland). As the area which has been analysed is located in the ...metropolitan area of the city ofCzęstochowa increasing suburbanization processes can be observed there. They result in constant increase in the number ofinhabitants of the commune which is a challenge for its transport system. That is why the road network and public transportsystem in particular should be modernised and developed. Apart from the main line from Konopiska village to the city ofCzęstochowa the existing bus network is not well developed and does not provide an attractive alternative to private car. Thesolutions suggested by the authors of the present article include the development of the bus system with lines also connectingperiphery villages and bus stop modification in order to increase the accessibility to public transport. Another proposalis a new bus line to the nearest railway station.
Drones (UAV, unmanned aerial vehicles), along with the development of technology, are more and more used to solve scientific problems. This is particularly true for Earth and environmental sciences, ...including geomorphology, structural geology and sedimentology. In addition to hardware and technical issues, the parallel development of photogrammetric programs and systems for increasing the precision of drone flight path measurements are contributing to the ability to create land maps as well as 3D models with increasing accuracy. This paper describes the possibility of using drones carrying a non-metric RGB camera or thermal sensor, for the study of morphological changes of terrain based on the analysis of photographs, orthophotos and 3D models. Test studies were carried out in the valleys of the Warta and Pilica rivers in the area of artificial reservoirs, as well as on moraine uplands – mainly in open-pit mines. The results of these tests show that proper flight planning and configuration of the aircraft’s camera work guarantee obtaining the right data necessary for later processing in software, such as GIS. The most important parameters included: determination of the area of the planned raid, flight altitude above ground level, aircraft speed, camera repetition rate and accuracy of the generated material.
Based on field research, cadastral data and historical sources, the paper presents and analyzes the toponymy of the village of Podgora in the municipality of Breza. The research covers about two ...hundred toponymic variations. Taking into account the linguistic and extra-linguistic characteristics of the researched area, a semantic-motivational and structural-formative classification was made, and linguistic influences and alloglottic elements in the formation of toponomasticons were observed. Finally, a dictionary of toponyms was given in alphabetical order. All toponymic characters confirmed in the field are accented.
The kame hills and terraces located in the Suchedniów Plateau (northern part of the Kielce Upland) were the subject of research in the 1970s. In 2019, further study was started using new methods to ...determine the age and genesis of the sediments that build these forms. Varied hypsometry, with hills and depressions, divided the advanced ice sheet into two lobes. During deglaciation in the inter-lobe part, there was a large variability of sedimentation conditions (5 accumulation members in KR II and 4 in KR I profiles). It was resulted in the higher position (KR II) of fluvioglacial kames with dominant of sand and gravel sediments not covered with moraine. The lower (KR I), complex kames were formed, composed of alternately occurring accumulation members of finer sediments (limnoglacial kames) and coarser – sand-gravel (fluvioglacial kames) covered with ablation moraine with erratics. These forms were created during areal deglaciation and the melting of blocks of dead ice. The rate of this process was variable, and it lasted from several dozen to several thousand years, which is confirmed by the obtained TL dates, despite the appearing inversions. The Pleistocene fluvial terrace (PK 1) and the Holocene alluvia in the bottom of the Kamionka valley ware cut into kames and kame terraces sediments.
Cruise tourism is growing in popularity. Currently, the Mediterranean Region stands as the second most visited destination by cruise lines, following the Caribbean. However, the Black Sea has lots to ...offer in terms of potential as well. Six countries border along it, and all have ports that visited by cruise ships. Türkiye has 25 such ports – the city-provinces of Trabzon, Sinop, Samsun, and Bartın being particularly popular. This paper aims to delve deeper into this particular topic, and offer ideas about where and how Türkiye could improve. for the improvement of the current potential. We’ve used both quantitative and qualitative data based on field research that involved travel and observation in Trabzon and Samsun. We also conducted a literature as well to access national and international statistics. Our findings show us that Türkiye’s Black Sea offer sufficient potential for cruise tourism, but international issues (e.g. the Russia-Ukraine crisis) as well as domestic issues (e.g. terror acts or infrastructural inadequacies) prevent that potential from being tapped. Hence, we feel that effort needs to be made in order to render the Black Sea safe for cruise lines. Other improvements that ought to be made concern the urban qualities, technical, and operational infrastructure required for cruise tourism in and around ports. The same goes for advertising and branding as well in order to cruise to the region.
The text is based on a qualitative survey with stakeholders directly or indirectly engaged in fish farming in ponds of Blatná or Blatensko region, Czech Republic. The dialog between them and ...academicians is directed to the fishery culture, its tradition, present, problems and possibilities of increasing the quality or prosperity of production. Stakeholders’ answers are essentially narratives, and the text is constructed as a compilation of individual narratives, which are summon by researchers who have tried to share the story with local inhabitants. The text contains basic information about the history, current production trends in fish farming, a methodological sub-chapter, and a summary of the responses of individual stakeholders. The article structure copy peoples’ narratives, as described, for example, by William Labov, but the aim of the text is not the narrative as itself. Narratives and their interpretations are a methodological tool for obtaining adequate information on the interests, aspirations, and strategies of key people in the region in the field of fish farming. The conclusion of this text is basically a metanarration composed of the views of individual actors, including the interpretation of the academics who created or commented this text.
This article presents main indicators of population ageing in Republic of North Macedonia, Republic of Slovenia and Republic of Serbia. Main indicators used in this paper are proportion of old ...population and “older-old” population, old dependency ratio, ageing coefficient and median age. The aim is to observe and detect similarities and differences in the age structure of the region based on indicators of ageing. The results are shown that Serbia is a country with the oldest population: 13.8% old population, 3.6% “older-old” population, the old dependency ratio 25.45 people per 100 people of working age, and 42.5 median ages. The Republic of North Macedonia has a younger population compared to other countries.
Šuppiluliuma-Šattiwaza treaty is considered as in many ways very imortant and considerable document. Our interest is focused on the geographical names, presented in the document, which are given ...twice. These geographical locations were located on quite large territory of eastern peripherry of Hittite, on the west side of Euphrates rivers upper and middle flow. A very important fact can be observed from the list of these names. Particularly, the names are listed from north to south locations. The part of populated geographical objects most probably vere located until Tegarama, most correctly until its half part, approximately on the north line of existing Giurun Malatya. The following geographical objects were located on the south or south east side of Malatya. They are: URUKurtališša, URUArau̯anna, KURURUZaz(zi)ša, KUR URUKalašma, KURURUTimna, ḪUR.SAGḪaliu̯a, ḪUR.SAGKarna, URUTurmitta, KURURUAlḫa, KURURUḪurma, ḪUR.SAGḪarana, KURURUTegarama, URUTepurzya, URUḪazga, KURURUArmatana. The reviews of each object are given in this article separately. Is has also been revealed that some part of these objects were placed in Upper Land and some next to that at the boarder of Kaska Land. From this fact it can be assumed that somehow they were connected with Kasks and moreover these populated objects were Kaskians.
