At present, China is transforming into a green development mode in all respects, and improving green energy efficiency is a key component of this transformation. Using panel data of 2011–2018, this ...research adopts the Super-SBM (Slack-Based Model) to calculate the green energy efficiencies of China's 29 provinces and a GML (Global Malmquist-Luenberger) index method to explain the efficiency changes. Empirical analysis draws the following conclusions: 1) China's green energy efficiency presented a slowly decreasing rather than increasing trend. 2) Technological progress was a major factor in efficiency improvement. However, its contribution was canceled by energy overuse. 3) Provinces with low green energy efficiency tend to geographically gather in the regions with rich energy resource endowment. Instead, provinces with high green energy efficiency are relatively geographically scattered, and most of them are China's most developed regions. 4) Green energy efficiencies among China's four major regions have significant differences. Generally, the mean level is east > northeast > west > central. 5) The key policy directions to improve China's green energy efficiency include using transfer payment to balance the regional development, breaking down the barriers among provinces to facilitate energy circulation, and refining energy price structure to mitigate rebound effects.
•Green energy efficiency of each province in China is measured by the Super-SBM.•A GML index method is used to decompose the efficiency changes.•China's green energy efficiency presented a slowly decreasing trend in 2011–2018.•Energy overuse hindered the improvement of China's green energy efficiency.•Transfer payment, breaking down provincial barriers, and refining energy price structure are suggested.
This book addresses two of the most important trends in political economy during the last two decades - globalization and decentralization - in the context of the world's most rapidly growing ...economic power, China. The intent is to provide a better understanding of how local political and economic institutions shape the ability of Chinese state-owned firms to utilize foreign direct investment (FDI) to remake themselves in the transition from inefficient and technologically backward firms into powerful national champions. In a global economy, the author argues, local governments are increasingly the agents of industrial transformation at the level of the firm. Local institutions are durable over time, and they have important economic consequences. Through an analysis of five Chinese regions, the treatment seeks to specify the opportunities and constraints that alternative institutional structures create, how they change over time, and ultimately, how they prepare Chinese firms for the challenge of global competition.
After years of being regarded as a regulatory tool, spatial planning is now a key agent in delivering better places for the future. Dealing with the role of spatial planning in major change such as ...urban extensions or redevelopment, this book asks how it can deliver at the local level.
Setting out the new local governance within which spatial planning now operates and identifying the requirements of successful delivery, this book also provides an introduction to project management approaches to spatial planning. It details what the rules are for spatial planning, the role of evidence and public involvement in delivering the local vision and how this works as part of coherent and consistent sub-regional approach. The conclusion is a forward look at what is likely to follow the effective creation of inspiring and successful places using spatial planning as a key tool.
"The book's main strength is its clearly structured description of the outworking of the post-2004 change in emphasis in English planning... the book delivers justification for the claim that spatial planning is significantly different from the mode of urban planning that immediately preceded it." - Chris Webster, University of Hong Kong
Janice Morphet is a Visiting Professor at The Bartlett School of Planning, UCL. She is also a member of the Planning Committee of the London 2012 Olympic Games. Janice spends much of her time as an academic and practitioner working on spatial planning and its interrelationships with local governance.
Preface 1. What is Spatial Planning? 2. The Local Governance Context of English Spatial Planning 3. The English Spatial Planning System 4. The Evidence Base of Spatial Planning 5. Community Involvement in Spatial Planning 6. Making Places – Delivery Through Spatial Planning 7. Taking an Integrated Approach to Local Spatial Delivery 8. Managing Spatial Planning 9. Regional and Sub-regional Spatial Planning 10. Spatial Planning in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 11. Spatial Planning in Europe, North America and Australia 12. Effective Spatial Planning
Abstract The Rapid Refresh (RAP), an hourly updated assimilation and model forecast system, replaced the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) as an operational regional analysis and forecast system among the ...suite of models at the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in 2012. The need for an effective hourly updated assimilation and modeling system for the United States for situational awareness and related decision-making has continued to increase for various applications including aviation (and transportation in general), severe weather, and energy. The RAP is distinct from the previous RUC in three primary aspects: a larger geographical domain (covering North America), use of the community-based Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (ARW) replacing the RUC forecast model, and use of the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system (GSI) instead of the RUC three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar). As part of the RAP development, modifications have been made to the community ARW model (especially in model physics) and GSI assimilation systems, some based on previous model and assimilation design innovations developed initially with the RUC. Upper-air comparison is included for forecast verification against both rawinsondes and aircraft reports, the latter allowing hourly verification. In general, the RAP produces superior forecasts to those from the RUC, and its skill has continued to increase from 2012 up to RAP version 3 as of 2015. In addition, the RAP can improve on persistence forecasts for the 1–3-h forecast range for surface, upper-air, and ceiling forecasts.
This paper presents the deck-of-cards-based Ordinal Regression (DOR), a new multicriteria decision-aiding procedure that conjugates the deck-of-cards method with an ordinal regression approach to ...define a multicriteria value function representing the preferences of the decision maker (DM). The deck-of-cards method allows the DM to express the ranking order of a set of reference alternatives along with the intensity of preferences between reference alternatives. An ordinal regression procedure is then used to define a multicriteria value function that represents the ranking of the reference alternatives as well as the preference intensity. This approach can be applied to define value functions with different formulations, such as weighted sum, additive value, or Choquet integral. The value function thus obtained can be used to comprehensively evaluate alternatives of a multi-criteria decision problem. The value function provided by DOR can also be applied to a multi-objective optimisation problem. In this study, we applied DOR to handle urban and regional planning decisions in which facilities are required to be selected, located, and planned. In particular, we consider the interactions between criteria and synergies between facilities in an enriched version of the so-called space–time model. We applied this methodology to a real-world problem to plan the development of a sustainable ecovillage in the province of Turin (Italy), thus supporting the president of the cooperative owning the ecovillage in his decisions regarding which structures to select, where to locate them, and when to plan their realisation.
•We consider the definition of a value function in multicriteria decision aiding.•We introduce the Deck-of-cards-based Ordinal Regression (DOR) method.•DOR conjugates the deck-of-cards method with ordinal regression.•We propose to guide Multiobjective Optimisation Problem (MOP) with DOR.•We apply the proposed methodology for planning a sustainable ecovillage.
This pandemic does not only affect health aspects but also economic aspects. The world today faces a recession resulting from the covid-19 pandemic. Indonesia's economy continues to lead to a ...recovery, although not very significant. The current government continues to make various recovery efforts. One of the flagship programs includes encouraging and strengthening support for social protection and increasing the purchasing power of households as well as various business sectors, including small and medium-sized micro enterprises (MSMEs). This condition urges the world to create new breakthroughs to rise from this adversity. Academicians and practitioners need to work together to find the necessary solutions and developments. Surely, it will contribute to solve the problems in society by interdisciplinary cooperation. This collaboration will create innovations in science and technology especially business and economic field.
This book includes in-depth discussions between academicians and practitioners, especially on how to strengthen the regional sectors to be the strong pillars of the country's economy. Interestingly, various methods are used to observe the problems, to explore the solutions, and to develop the innovation.
This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners of social empowerment, governance, and other related stakeholders.
Front Cover Wang, Fang; McShea, William J; Li, Sheng ...
Diversity & distributions,
03/2018, Letnik:
24, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The cover image, by Fang Wang et al., is based on the Biodiversity Research Does one size fit all? A multispecies approach to regional landscape corridor planning, DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12692. Photo ...Credit: Fang Wang.
This paper argues that planning in the Global South needs to be embedded within a more complex and systemic framework based on understanding cities' functions and transformations, at both local and ...regional levels, whilst advocating for and incorporating informal and temporary dynamics. This is to differentiate between two competing processes: formal planning and citizen-led place-making, here considered as a form of reactive alternative-substitute place-making that occurs when there is no available alternative. The paper calls for a better integration of such impermanent, adaptable, temporary and alternative forms of place-making into the planning process for regional futures.
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