Modern Irish history was determined by the rise, expansion, and decline of the British Empire. British imperial history, from the age of Atlantic expansion to the age of decolonization, was moulded ...in part by Irish experience. But the nature of Ireland's position in the Empire has always been a matter of contentious dispute. Was Ireland a sister kingdom and equal partner in a larger British state? Or was it, because of its proximity and strategic importance, the Empire's most subjugated colony? Contemporaries disagreed strongly on these questions, and historians continue to do so. Questions of this sort can only be answered historically: Ireland's relationship with Britain and the Empire developed and changed over time, as did the Empire itself. This book offers the first comprehensive history of the subject from the early modern era through to the contemporary period. The contributors seek to specify the nature of Ireland's entanglement with empire over time: from the conquest and colonization of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, through the consolidation of Ascendancy rule in the eighteenth, the Act of Union in the period 1801–1921, the emergence of an Irish Free State and Republic, and eventual withdrawal from the British Commonwealth in 1948. They also consider the participation of Irish people in the Empire overseas, as soldiers, administrators, merchants, migrants, and missionaries; the influence of Irish social, administrative, and constitutional precedents in other colonies; and the impact of Irish nationalism and independence on the Empire at large. The result is a new interpretation of Irish history in its wider imperial context which is also filled with insights on the origins, expansion, and decline of the British Empire.
This volume presents work from an international group of writers who explore conceptualizations of what defined "East" and "West" in Eastern Europe, imperial Russia, and the Soviet Union. The ...contributors analyze the effects of transnational interactions on ideology, politics, and cultural production. They reveal that the roots of an East/West cultural divide were present many years prior to the rise of socialism and the cold war.
The chapters offer insights into the complex stages of adoption and rejection of Western ideals in areas such as architecture, travel writings, film, music, health care, consumer products, political propaganda, and human rights. They describe a process of mental mapping whereby individuals "captured and possessed" Western identity through cultural encounters and developed their own interpretations from these experiences. Despite these imaginaries, political and intellectual elites devised responses of resistance, defiance, and counterattack to defy Western impositions.
Socialists believed that their cultural forms and collectivist strategies offered morally and materially better lives for the masses and the true path to a modern society. Their sentiments toward the West, however, fluctuated between superiority and inferiority. But in material terms, Western products, industry, and technology, became the ever-present yardstick by which progress was measured. The contributors conclude that the commodification of the necessities of modern life and the rise of consumerism in the twentieth century made it impossible for communist states to meet the demands of their citizens. The West eventually won the battle of supply and demand, and thus the battle for cultural influence.
Arab France Coller, Ian
2011., 20101017, 2010, 2010-11-16
eBook
Many think of Muslims in Europe as a twentieth century phenomenon, but this book brings to life a lost community of Arabs who lived through war, revolution, and empire in early nineteenth century ...France. Ian Coller uncovers the surprising story of the several hundred men, women, and children—Egyptians, Syrians, Greeks, and others—who followed the French army back home after Napoleon’s occupation of Egypt. Based on research in neglected archives, on the rediscovery of forgotten Franco-Arab authors, and on a diverse collection of visual materials, the book builds a rich picture of the first Arab France—its birth, rise, and sudden decline in the age of colonial expansion. As he excavates a community that was nearly erased from the historical record, Coller offers a new account of France itself in this pivotal period, one that transcends the binary framework through which we too often view history by revealing the deep roots of exchange between Europe and the Muslim world, and showing how Arab France was in fact integral to the dawn of modernity.
The limits of partnership Stent, Angela; Stent, Angela
2014., 20140119, 2014-01-01, 2015-03-29
eBook
The Limits of Partnershipoffers a riveting narrative on U.S.-Russian relations since the Soviet collapse and on the challenges ahead. It reflects the unique perspective of an insider who is also ...recognized as a leading expert on this troubled relationship. American presidents have repeatedly attempted to forge a strong and productive partnership only to be held hostage to the deep mistrust born of the Cold War. For the United States, Russia remains a priority because of its nuclear weapons arsenal, its strategic location bordering Europe and Asia, and its ability to support--or thwart--American interests. Why has it been so difficult to move the relationship forward? What are the prospects for doing so in the future? Is the effort doomed to fail again and again?
Angela Stent served as an adviser on Russia under Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, and maintains close ties with key policymakers in both countries. Here, she argues that the same contentious issues--terrorism, missile defense, Iran, nuclear proliferation, Afghanistan, the former Soviet space, the greater Middle East--have been in every president's inbox, Democrat and Republican alike, since the collapse of the USSR. Stent vividly describes how Clinton and Bush sought inroads with Russia and staked much on their personal ties to Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin--only to leave office with relations at a low point--and how Barack Obama managed to restore ties only to see them undermined by a Putin regime resentful of American dominance and determined to restore Russia's great power status.
The Limits of Partnershipcalls for a fundamental reassessment of the principles and practices that drive U.S.-Russian relations, and offers a path forward to meet the urgent challenges facing both countries.
In Imperial Gateway, Seiji Shirane explores the political, social, and economic significance of colonial Taiwan in the southern expansion of Japan's empire from 1895 to the end of World War II. ...Challenging understandings of empire that focus on bilateral relations between metropole and colonial periphery, Shirane uncovers a half century of dynamic relations between Japan, Taiwan, China, and Western regional powers. Japanese officials in Taiwan did not simply take orders from Tokyo; rather, they often pursued their own expansionist ambitions in South China and Southeast Asia. When outright conquest was not possible, they promoted alternative strategies, including naturalizing resident Chinese as overseas Taiwanese subjects, extending colonial police networks, and deploying tens of thousands of Taiwanese to war. The Taiwanese—merchants, gangsters, policemen, interpreters, nurses, and soldiers—seized new opportunities for socioeconomic advancement that did not always align with Japan's imperial interests. Drawing on multilingual archives in six countries, Imperial Gateway shows how Japanese officials and Taiwanese subjects transformed Taiwan into a regional gateway for expansion in an ever-shifting international order.Thanks to generous funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities Open Book Program and its participation in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
In recent years, China and India have become the most important economic partners of Africa and their footprints are growing by leaps and bounds, transforming Africa's international relations in a ...dramatic way. Although the overall impact of China and India's engagement in Africa has been positive in the short-term, partly as a result of higher returns from commodity exports fuelled by excessive demands from both countries, little research exists on the actual impact of China and India's growing involvement on Africa's economic transformation. This book examines in detail the opportunities and challenges posed by the increasing presence of China and India in Africa, and proposes critical interventions that African governments must undertake in order to negotiate with China and India from a stronger and more informed platform.
When and why did the United States policy of containment of Iran come about? How did it evolve? Where is it going?
Much has been said about the US policy of dual containment, particularly as it ...pertains to Iraq. However, there has been little in-depth analysis of this policy when it comes to Iran.
Sasan Fayazmanesh explores this often neglected subject by analyzing the history of this policy. The analysis includes the role that the Carter and Reagan Administrations played in the Iran-Iraq war, the numerous sanctions imposed on Iran by the Clinton Administration and the aggressive and confrontational policy toward Iran adopted by the George W. Bush Administration after the events of September 11, 2001.
This topical read synthesises a range of primary sources, including firsthand reports, newspaper articles and electronic media, and presents a coherent analysis of the ebbs and flows in the US thinking on Iran and Iraq.
1. Introduction 2. On the Origins of the Dual Containment Policy 2.1 The freeze of 1979 2.2. US giving the green light to Saddam Hussein to invade Iran 2.3 Overthrowing the Iranian Government and warming up to Saddam Hussein 2.4 Linking the threat of war to the hostages 2.5 Pox on both houses: The beginning of the dual containment policy 3. The Dual Containment Policy in the 1980s 3.1 Saddam Hussein’s "new, powerful secret weapon" 3.2 The Rumsfeld affair 3.3 The events of the early 1980s viewed in the early 2000s 3.4 The undeclared American war to save Saddam 3.5 USS Vincennes affair 3.6 Iran accepts the UN ceasefire 3.7 Playing both sides: pox on both houses 3.8 Moving against Saddam Hussein 4. Israel and the Dual Containment Policy 4.1 The Revolution of 1979: When the party is over 4.2 Israel, the Iran-Iraq war and Iran-Contra affair 4.3 A different game for Iran: Martin Indyk and the Washington Institute 4.4 AIPAC and the three "misbehaviors" of Iran 5. The Clinton Years and the Dual Containment Policy 5.1 Sanctions and more sanctions: Who is more loyal to Israel and hostile to Iran? 5.2 Strange bedfellows: MEK, US, Israel and Saddam Hussein 5.3 Enters the corporate lobby 5.4 The Corporate wind blows faster: the second half of the Clinton years 6. The "Neoconservatives," Dual Rollback and Israel 6.1 9/11 & the containment of Iraq 6.2 The new administration, AIPAC and renewal of ILSA 6.3 9/11, the courtship dance and the spoiler 6.4 The puzzling Karine-A affair 6.5 The "axis of evil" speech 6.6 Israel, "neoconservatives" and Iran 7. Pushing Iran to the Top of the "To Do" List 7.1 The MEK, its "revelation" and the Israeli connection 7.2 On the origin of Iran’s nuclear program 7.3 Earliest reports of the Iranian bomb 7.4 The guessing game and more "revelations" 7.5 More guessing game and the "revelation" 8. Paving the Road to the UN Security Council 8.1 The need for a smoking gun 8.2 Psychological warfare 8.3 Additional Protocol, EU 3, the war drum and the call for UN sanctions 8.4 The source of contamination, IAEA report and the smoking gun 8.5 The MEK, "neoconservatives" and Iran’s complicity in Iraq insurgency 8.6 Existential threat to Israel and the IAEA 8.7 Pressure mounts for referring Iran to the Security Council 8.8 The spy network 8.9 The case of Lavisan-Shian: A smoking gun? 8.10 The case of Parchin: Another smoking gun? 8.11 The Paris Agreement 8.12 Another IAEA resolution, Parchin and the attempt to remove ElBaradei 9. Iran is Referred to the Security Council 9.1 The "carrot and stick" policy 9.2 Another AIPAC policy conference focusing on Iran 9.3 Iran’s reaction to "carrot and stick" policy and the Iranian Presidential election 9.4 The end of the Paris Agreement 9.5 More forecasts about the Iranian nuclear bomb 9.6 Another IAEA report, Parchin and the Resolution of September 2005 9.7 Ahmadinejad and "wiping Israel off the map" 9.8 Parchin again and the mysterious laptop 9.9. The Russian "compromise" and its opponents 9.10 The final push for UN sanctions 9.11 The IAEA "update" and the full report 9.12 Iran’s referral to the Security Council 10. On the Road to UN Sanctions 10.1 Bringing democracy to Iran and the US public opinion 10.2 Another "largest ever" AIPAC conference 10.3 Rejection of another comprise solution and the first Security Council draft 10.4 The push for Chapter 7 resolution and threat of war 10.5 Another IAEA report, the alleged hidden program and ElBaradie’s plea 10.6 Iran, Nazi Germany and the yellow insignia 10.7 A new US strategy, the "carrot-and-stick" package 10.8 More sticks than carrots: Financial sanctions 10.9 Iran’s response to the "carrot and Stick" package and the August 22 deadline 10.10 UN Security Council Resolution 1696 10.11 Iran’s August 22 response to the "carrot and stick" package 10.12 US response: more sticks 11. Success at Last, UN Sanctions Imposed on Iran 11.1 No compromise, only sanctions 11.2 On the Israeli front 11.3 Almost there: Draft of UN Sanctions circulates 11.4 War drums beating before the UN resolution 11.5 Resolution 1737, the crown jewel of Iran containment 11.6 US’s proactive acts post Resolution 1737 11.7 Thinking beyond Bush and the 2007 Herzliya Conference 11.8 War or no war? 11.9 Another IAEA report, fabricated US intelligence and the laptop story 11.10 The US pushing for a second set of UN sanctions 11.11 Israel, another AIPAC conference and the second set of UN sanctions 11.12 Success again, UN Resolution 1747 12. Conclusion
'Fayazmanesh has done an admirable job of examining the origin of the US policy dual containment. Recommended. All readership levels.' - K.M.Zaarour, Shaw University, Choice, June 2009
Sasan Fayazmanesh is Professor of Economics and Co-Director of the Middle East Studies Project at California State University, Fresno, USA. His current areas of research include the political economy of the Middle East and monetary history and theory.
Cold War Liberation examines the African revolutionaries who led armed struggles in three Portuguese colonies—Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau—and their liaisons in Moscow, Prague, East Berlin, ...and Sofia. By reconstructing a multidimensional story that focuses on both the impact of the Soviet Union on the end of the Portuguese Empire in Africa and the effect of the anticolonial struggles on the Soviet Union, Natalia Telepneva bridges the gap between the narratives of individual anticolonial movements and those of superpower rivalry in sub-Saharan Africa during the Cold War. Drawing on newly available archival sources from Russia and Eastern Europe and interviews with key participants, Telepneva emphasizes the agency of African liberation leaders who enlisted the superpower into their movements via their relationships with middle-ranking members of the Soviet bureaucracy. These administrators had considerable scope to shape policies in the Portuguese colonies which in turn increased the Soviet commitment to decolonization in the wider region. An innovative reinterpretation of the relationships forged between African revolutionaries and the countries of the Warsaw Pact, Cold War Liberation is a bold addition to debates about policy-making in the Global South during the Cold War. We are proud to offer this book in our usual print and ebook formats, plus as an open-access edition available through the Sustainable History Monograph Project.
Challenged Hegemony Yetiv, Steve A; Oskarsson, Katerina
2018, 2018-01-23
eBook
Few issues in international affairs and energy security animate thinkers more than the classic topic of hegemony, and the case of the Persian Gulf presents particularly fertile ground for considering ...this concept. Since the 1970s, the region has undergone tumultuous changes, with dramatic shifts in the diplomatic, military, and economic roles of the United States, China, and Russia. In this book, Steve A. Yetiv and Katerina Oskarsson offer a panoramic study of hegemony and foreign powers in the Persian Gulf, offering the most comprehensive, data-driven portrait to date of their evolving relations. The authors argue that the United States has become hegemonic in the Persian Gulf, ultimately protecting oil security for the entire global economy. Through an analysis of official and unofficial diplomatic relations, trade statistics, military records, and more, they provide a detailed account of how U.S. hegemony and oil security have grown in tandem, as, simultaneously, China and Russia have increased their political and economic presence. The book sheds light on hegemony's complexities, and challenges and reveals how local variations in power will continue to shape the Persian Gulf in the future.
