Religious conflicts often occur in heterogeneous communities, including communities in Riau province. This paper aims to determine the results of community service carried out in the form of ...counseling on strengthening religious moderation in order to overcome religious conflicts and national conflicts in Riau Province. The community service carried out uses the PAR (Participation Action Research) method, which is a method for developing moderate attitudes and behaviors and promoting peace among religious leaders, community leaders, and youth in Riau Province, with 3 stages, namely planning, implementation and the reflection or evaluation stage. The results of this community service obtained that the implementation of this service was successfully carried out according to planning. Then, this service reflects a positive impact on the participants who attended the counseling, which further fosters the spirit of moderation in their religion, a steady spirit of tolerance and increasingly appreciates local wisdom and of course gets new knowledge that is useful in heterogeneous community for harmonious and peaceful life.
This paper is concerned with the development of national primary education regimes in Europe, North America, Latin America, Oceania, and Japan between 1870 and 1939. We examine why school systems ...varied between countries and over time, concentrating on three institutional dimensions: centralization, secularization, and subsidization. There were two paths to centralization: through liberal and social democratic governments in democracies, or through fascist and conservative parties in autocracies. We find that the secularization of public school systems can be explained by path-dependent state-church relationships (countries with established national churches were less likely to have secularized education systems) but also by partisan politics. Finally, we find that the provision of public funding to private providers of education, especially to private religious schools, can be seen as a solution to religious conflict, since such institutions were most common in countries where Catholicism was a significant but not entirely dominant religion.
Yogyakarta, despite being declared as the city of tolerance, shows religious discrimination manifested in religious spatial segregation. Discrimination is contrary to divine norms that protect the ...rights of each party in mu’amalah. The objective of this study is to explain that religious spatial segregation reflects intolerance in the urban community of Yogyakarta. This study relies on data collection through a qualitative approach which includes observation, interviews, and literature review with descriptive analysis considering fiqh muamalah principles on the interfaith relationships. The results suggest that religious spatial segregation may lead to the emergence of intolerant and discriminative acts in the forms of; (1) the presence of housing associated with a certain religious identity as a manifestation of identity labeling in social recruitment (exclusivism); (2) the practice of land trading (property right) only with people from the same faith; and (3) segregation in social acceptance (social exclusion) as seen in boarding houses with a certain religious label. This study concludes that religious spatial segregation has shallowed the relations between community groups and thus raising the potential of discriminative and intolerant acts in the urban area of Yogyakarta. This study suggests that there is a need for a policy to regulate space as a common one, hence spatial exclusivism for a certain religion can be eliminated.
From the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation spread rapidly but clandestinely through the kingdom of France, giving rise to eschatological opposition between Catholics and Protestants that ...crystallized around their places of burial. According to the political and geographic context, the Huguenots, who were still considered as heretics but tolerated under the Edict of Nantes, asserted their beliefs in silence and without ever disappearing, despite periods of exclusion and repression. Two French cities illustrate the complexity of responses to the coexistence of the two faiths: Paris, the royal and Catholic capital, and La Rochelle, a Protestant stronghold. In these two cities of opposing status, the management of cemeteries came under the majority religious authority. It would seem that despite opposing theologies, the burial practices of the two faiths ultimately followed the standards of Christian burials. The lack of textual data means that Protestant burials may only be identifiable by the topography of the chosen burial place, which was dictated by exclusion.
The relationship between small arms and light weapons, religious crises, and insecurity has continued to be a burning issue in the national security discourse in Nigeria. Religious organizations ...under the guise of spreading their beliefs now engage in the laundering of donations by members on acquisitions of small and arms and light weapons to protect their jurisdictions and ward off other perceived oppositions. There is no doubt that the laundering operations and arms acquisitions by religious organizations in the country are slightly different in scope and activity, although no less complex and hard to detect unless put under the searchlight. However, the effects of this are manifested in the escalation of insecurity and religious crises as evidenced in incessant killings, maiming of innocent citizens, and wanton destruction of properties in the country. This paper observes that the uncontrollable proliferation of arms fuel and prolong religious crises, and has created economic, socio-political crises and a huge burden of humanitarian cost in all facets of the polity. The paper concludes that it has become imperative to address this phenomenon as the emerging scenario no doubt continues to threaten the achievement of sustainable development goals in the country.
•Focus: religious-spatial conflicts surrounding development of new religious sites.•Contribution: geographical studies of urban conflict and spatial transgression.•Methodology: framing.•Case: ...building new Mosque on Plaza adjacent to Church of the Annunciation, Nazareth.•Regime-minority/inter-group tensions, local-supralocal politics, landscape control.
Nazareth is the ethnic-national center for Israel’s Arab minority, and the epicenter of Christian sacred sites. For two decades Nazareth’s Christian and Muslim Arabs have been divided over the proposed building of a new Mosque on the large public Plaza adjoining the Church of the Annunciation. The analysis of this disputed urban place addresses: (a) spatial, temporal, cultural and political dimensions of the dispute ‘stories’ as told by the stakeholders, and (b) vocabulary, expressed by frames, which constitutes spatial transgression at the micro-level in Nazareth.
The case provides insights into what such sites may tell us about regime-minority relations, inter-group tensions and minority conflicts, local politics, and perceptions of landscape dominance. A framing typology – including Issues, Values and Process frames – of conflicts over sacred sites is applied in the analysis. Frames are a way of categorizing the unique understanding of each stakeholder as to what constitutes the agenda, the relevance and importance of various issues to the dispute, and the risks involved.
Two types of disputes emerge from the empirical data – geopolitical and national, and intra-religious ethnic. The micro-scale analysis provides the ingredients needed to understand ways in which religion and politics intertwine in the Plaza. The Process frames proved most salient in terms of identification of spatial transgression. Whereas Value frames are immutable, insights point to possible changes to Process and Issue framing which might enable more astute management of future conflict flare-ups.
Religion itself and enlargement of religious sites have a long-established history of disputes worldwide. This paper contributes to the study of geography of locational disputes and the concept of spatial transgression – group resistance to what one group perceives as an unwelcome invasion by another in its territory – with empirical emphasis on religious politics in Israel.
The effect of ethnic division on civil war and the role of political systems in preventing these conflicts are analyzed, using the importance of religious polarization and animist diversity to ...explain the incidence of ethnic civil war. Findings show that religious differences are a social cleavage more important than linguistic differences in the development of civil war, and being a consociational democracy significantly reduces the incidence of ethnic civil war.
In the context of the question of metaphor, Jacques Derrida plays a particularly important role in the history of thought. In his work La Mythologie Blanche with the important subtitle: La métaphore ...dans le texte philosophique, among other questions, he problematizes the history of metaphor problems, implications arising from historical and contemporary metaphor, as well as the possibilities of the relation of science to it. And, because the question of metaphor is given as one of the important sources of religious conflicts in this paper, the metaphor in the theological text is to be problematized, following in the footsteps of Derrida's thought achievements. In other words: in this paper, one has to read one question of metaphor in a philosophical text as a question of the possibility of metaphor in a theological text. The hypothesis of this paper to be proved is that religious conflicts arise from a multitude of phenomena that we can reduce to the lowest common denominator named as ignorance, and in this context as a source of subject ignorance -among many other phenomena -a metaphor is given in the theological text: there is no intention here to prove the existence of metaphor in the theological text but the possibility of the existence of metaphor in the theological text in the wake of Derrida's mental achievements on the basis of which Derrida's work La Mythologie Blanche is given as a contribution to the incoherence of religious conflicts.
Rey sectarian conflicts in the Seljuk era ali fath ghobadpor jahan abad; hossein moftakhari
Pizhūhish/hā-yi tārīkhī-i Īrān va Islām (Online),
08/2020, Letnik:
14, Številka:
26
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The present study seeks to examine and explain the sectarian conflicts in the Seljuk era in a historical way based on historical documents and library resources, and to answer the question of what ...are the sectarian challenges and conflicts between them? What groups have emerged and what have been the consequences? In the city of Rey, on the one hand, the Sunni followers, with the support of the Seljuk rulers and ministers, were in the majority and priority, and opposed the Shiites from different groups and persecuted them, and on the contrary, the Shiite view and thinking of the Imams. And the Ismailis were present and were accused by the Seljuk sultans of Rafidi. Based on the findings, the expansion of jurisprudential and theological debates, the compilation of numerous books and treatises in proving or rejecting sectarian beliefs and views, the Mu'tazilite recession, and the spread of Sufism are among the most important consequences of these conflicts.
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