This research proposes a new theory called bilateral rent‐seeking to explain the dramatic growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow into China over the past several decades. We construct a ...Nash bargaining model to illustrate the relevance of how the reciprocal relationship between the local state and foreign investors leads to the greater incentives for the latter to invest in the local market, thus resulting into the huge FDI inflows into the domestic market in China in the past several decades. The empirically evidence presented in the end is broadly consistent with the theories proposed in this paper (JEL D21, D72, L52)
Poland is the largest hard coal and second largest lignite producer in the EU, generating around 80 percent of its electricity from coal. Resistance to a reduction in coal production and consumption ...comes from various actors, namely, coal corporations, unions, parts of civil society and the government – as well as their coalitions. Their opposition centres around the prospect of losing their business, past negative experiences with structural change, fears of rising energy prices and energy security concerns, as well as potential unemployment in regions almost entirely dependent on coal. This paper identifies key political and economic drivers and barriers of a reduction in coal production and consumption in Poland using the Triple Embeddedness Framework. Uneconomic coal mining, unavoidable energy infrastructure investments, rising air pollution levels and pressure from the European Union might provide new political momentum for a shift away from coal in line with international climate targets. However, results show that to achieve political feasibility, policies targeting a reduction in coal production and use need to be implemented jointly with social and structural policy measures, addressing a just transition for the affected regions in line with the vision of a ‘European Green Deal’.
A pesar que la Argentina todavía puede ser considerado un país de propietarios, la vivienda en alquiler es una práctica en crecimiento y trasversal a todos los hogares, independientemente de su nivel ...de ingresos. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de viviendas asequibles es inadecuada y gran parte de los hogares inquilinos se encuentran gravemente afectados por los costos de la vivienda. En Argentina, a diferencia de lo observado en otras partes del mundo e incluso de América Latina, la evidencia es escasa y en gran medida desactualizada y dispersa. En este sentido, este trabajo propone estimar la asequibilidad del alquiler de una vivienda en la Argentina según la última edición Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares (ENGHo) realizada entre 2017 y 2018, y analizar cómo otros factores socioeconómicos y demográficos afectan el acceso a una vivienda de alquiler asequible.
We use the state-mandated stay-at-home orders during the coronavirus pandemic as a setting to study whether political beliefs inhibit compliance with government orders. Using geolocation data sourced ...from smartphones, we find residents in Republican counties are less likely to completely stay at home after a state order has been implemented relative to those in Democratic counties. Debit card transaction data shows that Democrats are more likely to switch to remote spending after state orders are implemented. Heterogeneity in factors such as Covid-19 risk exposure, geography, and county characteristics do not completely rule out our findings, suggesting political beliefs are an important determinant in the effectiveness of government mandates. Political alignment with officials giving orders may partially explain these partisan differences.
What is the relationship between government corruption and firm performance? To address this question, I conduct a review of articles published in the leading management journals on ...government‐business interactions pertaining to rent‐seeking activities and integrate findings from the fields of international business, social issues in management, public organization, institutional change, and corporate political activity. I find that while much empirical work corroborates the earlier findings suggesting a corrosive impact of government corruption on firm performance in general, management research also points to the heterogeneous impact of government corruption on individual firm performance, driven by the strategic activities conducted by firms in response to corruption. I propose an integrative model of firm strategy vis‐à‐vis corruption that predicts the activity choice of the firm as predicated by its organizational structure, political resources, industry regulation, and surrounding political and social institutions.
Does social protest following the police killing of unarmed Black civilians have a widespread “opinion-mobilizing” effect against the police? Or, does the racialized nature of these events polarize ...mass opinion based on standing racial and political orientations? To answer these questions, we use a large dataset comprised of weekly cross sections of the American public and employ a regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) approach leveraging the random timing of the police killing of George Floyd and ensuing nationwide protests. We find that the Floyd protests swiftly decreased favorability toward the police and increased perceived anti-Black discrimination among low-prejudice and politically liberal Americans. However, attitudes among high-prejudice and politically conservative Americans either remained unchanged or evinced only small and ephemeral shifts. Our evidence suggests that the Floyd protests served to further racialize and politicize attitudes within the domain of race and law enforcement in the U.S.
Green innovation is an effective approach to breaking resource availability and environment protection constraints that firms face. China has set up a political inspection team to fight against ...corruption and deepen state-owned firm reform in recent years. From 2013 to 2015, inspections, as exogenous events, made great achievements in regulating firm behavior. This regulation may exert an effect on green and innovative development in China. Therefore, we adopt the event of political inspection of state-owned firms as a quasi-natural experiment and examine the impact of such an inspection on firm green innovation using data from listed Chinese state-owned enterprises. Findings show that political inspection enhances corporate green innovation. The effect is more pronounced for firms with higher executive compensation and institutional ownership. Political inspection promotes firm green innovation by alleviating financing constraints and reducing rent-seeking. Our study suggests that political inspection, as an external shock, is key to promoting firm green innovation.
•Political inspection of state-owned firms is used as a quasi-natural experiment.•Political inspection enhances corporate green innovation.•Effect of political inspection is pronounced in firms with high executive compensation.•Both corporate financing constraints and rent-seeking serve as mediators.
Do policies and institutions matter for pre-tax income inequality? I build an annual panel of 43 countries for the period 1980–2016 to document cross-country facts. I find robust correlations between ...pre-tax income shares and economic policy—financial development, trade openness, government expenditure, and income taxation—even after controlling for economic development. I further find that proxies of institutional quality—e.g., state development, corruption, or political exclusion—mediate the relationship between top income shares and economic policy, in particular for trade openness and government expenditure. The role of institutions in allowing or limiting rent-seeking can rationalize the results.
Design of forest rent accounting T.S. Osadcha
Проблеми теорії та методології бухгалтерського обліку, контролю і аналізу,
12/2016, Letnik:
2-3, Številka:
35
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The urgent task for the effective functioning of the national economy is the need to reflect income from the use of forest resources in accounting, which will allow management personnel to prove the ...effectiveness of environmental protection measures, to assess the amount of expenses taken during restoration and protection of forest resources. The study aims at identifying characteristics of forest rent to determine the amount and its reflection in the accounting for its management. The author understands a forest rent as the income received from the owner of forest resources. The above procedure for determining the amount of forest rent can be used to display it in the accounting. A forest rent is a type of business income, so for its reflection in the accounting it is proposed to open the analytical accounts to account 79 named «Financial results». To determine the amount of forest rent and its reflection in the accounting the author suggests the calculation form of a forest rent. In order to manage the size of a forest rent and expenses incurred to obtain it the author proposes to use the information from the developed report about the forest rent formation. The displaying forest rents in accounting will provide accurate and deep information to the management about the revenue and assets of a company. The rational use of forest resources and accounting reflection of a forest rent will strengthen control over the influence of human activity on natural resources and keep the conception of sustainable development.
•We study corruption at the level of individual public officials.•We use novel data from the China Corruption Conviction Databank.•Officials at higher levels and with economic authority tend to take ...larger bribes.•Officials at entry level and approaching retirement tend to take larger bribes.•Being more educated is positively correlated with the size of the bribes taken.
Numerous empirical studies have sought to compare corruption across regions or countries. It is however individuals who are corrupt, not regions or countries. Studies of corruption should therefore investigate individual behavior. This has not been previously possible other than in survey responses on payment of bribes because of lack of data. We use individual-level data from the China Corruption Conviction Databank to investigate bribe-taking among officials in local-government public-administration and parallel Party bureaucracies. We find that bribes that officials received systematically increase with positions at higher levels of official hierarchies. Economic authority to decide on spending and regulation is associated with receiving greater bribes than being in administrative positions. Consistent with life-cycle incentives, entry-level and retirement-approaching officials take higher bribes than middle-aged officials. Being more educated does not deter corruption but on the contrary is associated with taking higher bribes. Gender is not correlated with the size of the bribes taken. We link our empirical results on bribes to the theory of rent seeking in bureaucratic hierarchies.
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