•We analyze the effect of work disability on the job involvement of older workers.•Job involvement is measured by the intentions to retire from current job.•Work disability measures are based on ...objective indicators and anchoring vignettes.•Work disability limitations reduce job involvement.•The role of work disability varies with job characteristics.
This paper analyzes the effect of work disability on the job involvement of workers aged 50–65 living in Europe. We elicit a measure of job involvement from a question asking respondents to think about their job and declare whether they would like to retire as early as they can. We exploit objective health indicators and anchoring vignettes to enhance the comparability across individuals of work disability self-assessments. Individuals’ evaluations of their health-related work limitations are found to be mildly affected by justification bias but to depend on individual heterogeneity in reporting behaviour. Work disability significantly reduces the job involvement of workers. After controlling for individual fixed-effects and an extensive set of time-varying covariates, moving from the first to the third quartile of the work disability distribution is associated with a 8% increase (4 percentage points) in the probability of desiring to retire as soon as possible. The effect is larger for blue-collar workers. Justification bias and heterogeneity in reporting behaviour do not alter the magnitude of these effects.11We thank the Editor and two anonymous referees for their comments. We are also grateful to Marco Bertoni and the participants at the workshop “The Labour Market with an Ageing Population” (2018) organized by IFAU and Uppsala University and at the ASSET Annual Meeting (2018) for their suggestions. A previous version of this paper circulated under the title “The effect of work disability on the intention to retire of older workers”. This paper uses data from SHARE Waves 1 and 2 (DOIs: 10.6103/SHARE.w1.600, 10.6103/SHARE.w2.600), see Börsch-Supan et al. (2013) for methodological details. The SHARE data collection has been primarily funded by the European Commission through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812) and FP7 (SHARE-PREP: N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: N°227822, SHARE M4: N°261982). Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C) and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org). We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the European Commission – Horizon 2020 (SHARE-COHESION: GA No870628). D. Cavapozzi thanks the VERA center at the Ca Foscari University of Venice for supporting open access publication.
Occupational future time perspective (OFTP) describes people's perceptions of their future in the work context. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of a Spanish OFTP scale ...(OFTP-SP). Data came from two samples of workers in Spain aged between 21 and 62 years (Study 1;
= 496) and between 40 and 70 years (Study 2;
= 386). In Study 1, we conducted descriptive analyses for the items and exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Convergent validity of the OFTP-SP was examined based on relationships with employees' motivation to continue working and retirement intentions. Results showed that reliability estimates were adequate, and hypotheses regarding the convergent validity for the three factors of the OFTP-SP (i.e., perceived remaining time, focus on opportunities, focus on limitations) were supported. The OFTP-SP is a psychometrically sound measure that can be used in future research on work and aging.
Background: The average retirement age in the United States (U.S.) has increased over the past few decades. However, the rate of increase for Hispanics is lower than that for non-Hispanics. For ...Hispanics, the decision to retire later may be more influenced by their migration history and context rather than health or finances. Objective: This study aims to explore the differences in the determinants of intentions to delay retirement (i.e., work beyond the age of 65) between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites in the U.S. Methods: A pooled sample was generated from all waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2014), including a unique record for each non-institutionalized individual aged 55–61 who was employed. All eligible Hispanics (n = 3,663) were included, while a random sample of non-Hispanic Whites (n = 3,663) was selected. Logistic mixed models were conducted for each group, and a Two-fold Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis was used to explore differences between the groups. Results: The results indicate that non-Hispanic Whites are more likely to plan to postpone retirement. Furthermore, significant differences were found between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites regarding their intentions to delay retirement, specifically related to socioeconomic indicators such as individual earnings, amount of debt, level of education, and parents’ level of education. The differences between the groups were primarily influenced by the amount of debt, having a defined benefit plan, and parents’ level of education, reflecting the cumulative disadvantage experienced by Hispanics over their life course. Conclusion: Most existing research on the topic has focused on middle-class Whites, while few studies have examined race or ethnicity as the primary focus or explored the extent to which commonly identified predictors of delayed retirement apply to different ethno-racial groups. This is significant because Hispanics and other disadvantaged groups tend to experience financial insecurity during retirement, which directly impacts their health and well-being.
Increasing the pension age as a dominant solution to population ageing does not bring desirable outcomes, if not accompanied by other essential measures in lifelong learning and fighting age ...discrimination. Moreover, rapid digitalisation and automation in the labour market bring additional uncertainties for the growing group of older workers. The analysis is based on the SHARE data from Waves 5, 6, and 7 and examines predictors of retirement intentions by two different estimation methods. While digital skills are positively associated with a willingness to stay in the labour market in the random-effect modelling, fixed-effects regression shows no correlation between digital skills and retirement intentions. This difference means that digital skills do not correlate with retirement intentions once we control for time-invariant individual characteristics. Thus, increasing ICT literacy among older workers can have a very limited potential for extending working lives. In contrast to this result, starting to be self-employed, health improvement, having an additional grandchild, and losing a partner increase the willingness to work longer. The study identifies the factors shaping retirement intentions, which should be reflected in any effective social policy.
This study aims to examine the impact of work-related and personal resources on older workers' retirement intentions by studying the pathways (fatigue and work enjoyment) from resources to retirement ...intentions, the buffering role of resources for psychological job demands, in a cross-sectional and longitudinal timeframe. Longitudinal results on a subsample of full-time, older workers (n = 1642) from the Maastricht Cohort Study suggest that over four years of follow-up personal resources like personal mastery and perceived health related to less (prolonged) fatigue and more work enjoyment. Personal mastery also related to later retirement intentions. A work-related resource like decision authority related to less prolonged fatigue. (Prolonged) fatigue related to earlier retirement intentions, suggesting that fatigue may be a pathway to early retirement. Finally, little evidence was found for effect modification by resources. This prospective study indicates that work-related and personal resources may be useful for prolonging working careers.
Practitioner Summary: To date, the impact of work-related and personal resources on older workers' retirement intentions is rarely studied. As this prospective study shows that resources may impact older workers' (prolonged) fatigue, work enjoyment and retirement intentions, the monitoring and fostering of resources is of importance for prolonging their working careers.
Background: Virtually all Western countries are seeking to bring retirement ages more in line with increases in longevity. The central question in this article is whether individuals choose a ...retirement age that fits their life expectancy. This would be ideal from a public policy perspective. The present study aims to test empirically whether retirement planning varies with expectations of survival among a sample of older employees in the Netherlands. Two questions are addressed: (i) what are older employees’ expectations of their remaining lifetime, and what factors influence this subjective life expectancy? (ii) Are individuals who perceive longer life horizons (high subjective life expectancy) more inclined to retire later than people who expect to live shorter? Methods: Using data from a panel study on retirement behaviour in the Netherlands (N = 1621 older employees aged 50–60 years), regression and survival models are estimated to examine the effect of subjective life expectancy on retirement planning and behaviour. Results: The results indicate that subjective life expectancy is a factor that is taken into account in retirement decision making, at least as far as retirement intentions are concerned. Older employees with longer time horizons have a preference for later retirement. When it comes to actual behaviour, however, time horizon does not appear to play a role. Conclusion: The results suggest that particularly employees with a high perceived life expectancy and an intention to work longer do not succeed in carrying their intentions into effect.
Research investigating the association between women's work–family trajectories and their retirement intentions is limited. Studies considering how different institutional conditions affect this ...association are even more limited. To fill this gap, we use the first three waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, 2004–2009, and apply two-level random effects models with country-level fixed effects to a sample of mothers aged 50–64 years. Our dependent variable is the intention to retire as early as possible. We found that the following two different mechanisms are associated with mothers' early retirement intentions: (a) strategies to compensate for opportunity costs and (b) work attachment. When all other factors are equal, mothers with a work career characterised by interruptions and part-time work intend to work longer than other mothers, indicating the need to compensate for lower lifelong earnings at older ages. Some compensatory strategies are also observed among mothers who are classified as ‘never married’, ‘divorced’ or ‘widowed’, who wish to continue their careers. In other cases, evidence supporting work attachment mechanisms is found; for instance, working when the youngest child is younger than six years predicts the intention to delay retirement. These results change according to the welfare regime, underlining the importance of family policies and pension benefits to counterbalance the effect of opportunity costs on mothers' earnings.
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