Analiza je posvećena zgodovini in značilnostim prostega verza, najbolj značilnega izraznega sredstva moderne poezije. Avtor poudarja, da pri prostem verzu ne gre za odsotnost oblike, temveč za ...radikalno spremenjeno razmerje med obliko in pesniškim besedilom: v nasprotju s tradicionalnimi pesniškimi oblikami, zgrajenih na vnarej danih metričnih pravilih, prosti verz omogoča in zahteva enkratno obliko za sleherno pesem v prostem verzu. V tradicionalnih oblikah se mora sintaksa podrejati metričnim omejitvam - v prostem verzu pa sama sintaksa prevzame ritmično vlogo. V tem smislu je prosti verz paradoksalno podoben najstarejšemu znanemu načinu organizacije verza - t. i. paralelizmu členov (značilnem za svetopisemske psalme). Verz, ki bi bil povsem prost ritma, ne obstaja. Termin prosti (svobodni) verz je torej zavajajoč. Natančna oznaka bi se torej morala glasiti nemetrični verz. A prosti verz zveni lepše.
Primerjalno branje Francovega traktata Ars cantus mensurabilis ter nekdaj Vitryju pripisanega traktata Ars nova nazorno kaže prehod od tridobnega, v smislu perfekcij zamišljenega ritma, izpeljanega ...iz modalnega sistema, k sistemu menzur.
Taiwan Mandarin, one of the more syllable-timed dialects of Mandarin, has fewer unstressed syllables than Standard Mandarin. Acoustic analyses show that the supposedly unstressed ...syllables—neutral-tone syllables—in Taiwan Mandarin behave differently from those of Standard Mandarin. Unlike Standard Mandarin, these syllables do not raise their pitch after Tone 3. They have a distinct static mid-low pitch target and the target is implemented with a stronger articulatory strength. Moreover, acoustic analyses demonstrate that not all of these “unstressed syllables” are unstressed. The phonetic evidence suggests that these neutral-tone syllables should be analyzed as unaccented rather than unstressed in Taiwan Mandarin. These unaccented syllables are only lexically marked, and their pitch is neutralized into a mid-low tone. This study sheds light on how rhythm can affect stress and accent in a lexical tone language.
A Geography of Heritage Graham, Brian; Ashworth, G. J.; Tunbridge, J. E.
2000, 2016-04-29
eBook
The concept of heritage relates to the ways in which contemporary society uses the past as a social, political or economic resource. However, heritage is open to interpretation and its value may be ...perceived from differing perspectives - often reflecting divisions in society. Moreover, the schism between the cultural and economic uses of heritage also gives rise to potential conflicts of interest.
Examining these issues in depth, this book is the first sustained attempt to integrate the study of heritage into contemporary human geography. It is structured around three themes: the diversity of use and consumption of heritage as a multi-sold cultural and economic resource; the conflicts and tensions arising from this multiplicity of uses, producers and consumers; and the relationship between heritage and identity at a variety of scales.
This paper seeks to provide English-language readers with necessary background information about France Prešeren's "Wreath of Sonnets" (1834) so that they might more fully appreciate in the recent ...(1999) English translation the structural, thematic, and literary complexities of the Slovene original.
What activities did the women of ancient Greece perform in the sphere of ritual, and what were the meanings of such activities for them and their culture? By offering answers to these questions, this ...study aims to recover and reconstruct an important dimension of the lived experience of ancient Greek women. A comprehensive and sophisticated investigation of the ritual roles of women in ancient Greece, it draws on a wide range of evidence from across the Greek world, including literary and historical texts, inscriptions, and vase-paintings, to assemble a portrait of women as religious and cultural agents, despite the ideals of seclusion within the home and exclusion from public arenas that we know restricted their lives. As she builds a picture of the extent and diversity of women’s ritual activity, Barbara Goff shows that they were entrusted with some of the most important processes by which the community guaranteed its welfare. She examines the ways in which women’s ritual activity addressed issues of sexuality and civic participation, showing that ritual could offer women genuinely alternative roles and identities even while it worked to produce wives and mothers who functioned well in this male-dominated society. Moving to more speculative analysis, she discusses the possibility of a women’s subculture focused on ritual and investigates the significance of ritual in women’s poetry and vase-paintings that depict women. She also includes a substantial exploration of the representation of women as ritual agents in fifth-century Athenian drama.
Perfect order Lansing, J. Stephen; Lansing, J. Stephen
2012., 20120916, 2012, 2006, 2006-01-01, 20060101, Letnik:
11
eBook
Along rivers in Bali, small groups of farmers meet regularly in water temples to manage their irrigation systems. They have done so for a thousand years. Over the centuries, water temple networks ...have expanded to manage the ecology of rice terraces at the scale of whole watersheds. Although each group focuses on its own problems, a global solution nonetheless emerges that optimizes irrigation flows for everyone. Did someone have to design Bali's water temple networks, or could they have emerged from a self-organizing process?
Perfect Order--a groundbreaking work at the nexus of conservation, complexity theory, and anthropology--describes a series of fieldwork projects triggered by this question, ranging from the archaeology of the water temples to their ecological functions and their place in Balinese cosmology. Stephen Lansing shows that the temple networks are fragile, vulnerable to the cross-currents produced by competition among male descent groups. But the feminine rites of water temples mirror the farmers' awareness that when they act in unison, small miracles of order occur regularly, as the jewel-like perfection of the rice terraces produces general prosperity. Much of this is barely visible from within the horizons of Western social theory.
The fruit of a decade of multidisciplinary research, this absorbing book shows that even as researchers probe the foundations of cooperation in the water temple networks, the very existence of the traditional farming techniques they represent is threatened by large-scale development projects.
In 1668 Sarah Ahhaton, a married Native American woman of the Massachusetts Bay town of Punkapoag, confessed in an English court to having committed adultery. For this crime she was tried, found ...guilty, and publicly whipped and shamed; she contritely promised that if her life were spared, she would return to her husband and continue faithfull to him during her life yea although hee should beat her againe. These events, recorded in the court documents of colonial Massachusetts, may appear unexceptional; in fact, they reflect a rapidly changing world. Native American marital relations and domestic lives were anathema to English Christians; elite men frequently took more than one wife, while ordinary people could dissolve their marriages and take new partners with relative ease. Native marriage did not necessarily involve cohabitation, the formation of a new household, or mutual dependence for subsistence. Couples who wished to separate did so without social opprobrium, and when adultery occurred, the blame centered not on the fallen woman but on the interloping man. Over time, such practices changed, but the emergence of new types of Indian marriage enabled the legal, social, and cultural survival of New England's native peoples. The complex interplay between colonial power and native practice is treated with subtlety and wisdom in Colonial Intimacies . Ann Marie Plane uses travel narratives, missionary tracts, and legal records to reconstruct a previously neglected history. Plane's careful reading of fragmentary sources yields both conclusive and fittingly speculative findings, and her interpretations form an intimate picture, moving and often tragic, of the familial bonds of Native Americans in the first century and a half of European contact.
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