Excavations at Mălăiești Roman Fort and bath (Romania, Prahova County) undertaken in 1930, 1954, 1985, and 2011-2019 revealed a small roman fortification and its baths, between 101-118 AD. This paper ...will attempt to show the significance of the glassware finds through a social-cultural analysis resulting from the way the finds were distributed within the site. Our study describes the glassware fragments found during recent excavations and offers an analysis in the context of the manufacturing processes, spatial distribution, and the circumstances of their discovery as well as the chemical analysis of the typical samples. As an end result, we were able to determine their chronological, morphological, and typological properties.
•The analysis of imported Roman glass sheds new light on the context of glass exchange.•The first archeometric study of Roman glass counters form the territory of Poland.•Glass composition was ...determined by LA-ICP-MS.•Chronological distinction is visible in the base glass used to make white glass.
From the 1st century onwards, the flow of the imported glass objects into the territory of Barbaricum rises. A selection of 47 glass counters from archaeological sites in Poland dated to Roman Iron Age were gathered and analysed by LA-ICP-MS. The paper provides the data on the composition of different glass colours. These glasses were of the soda-lime-silica type, and were mostly made using Roman natron glass. Colourants and opacifiers were added to the glass – for most counter colours this was Sb-Mn recycled glass. For the white glass counters however, there is a chronological distinction in the type of base glass used. The first group, dated to phase B1-B2 (ca. the second half of the 1st century–160 CE), used Mn-decolourised glass, while the second group, dated from phase B2/C1-C1a (160/180–230 CE) and later, was probably produced with Sb-decolourised glass. One of the conclusions proposes further research into imported white glass found at Polish archaeological sites.
Roman head-shaped glass vessels from Hungary Dévai, Kata
Dissertationes archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae.,
03/2024, Letnik:
3, Številka:
11
Journal Article
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The paper presents two head-shaped vessels from Hungary: a glass bottle from a late Roman cemetery at Intercisa and a janiform bottle from a grave in Csongrád, i.e., the Sarmatian Barbaricum. Thanks ...to large-scale immigration from the East, the fort and vicus of Intercisa had a significant eastern influence. The most famous unit garrisoned there was the Syrian Cohors I millaria Hemesenorum sagittariorum equitatia civium Romanorum, originally stationed in the Syrian town of Hemesa, where many civilians may have accompanied the troops and moved to Intercisa. Settled down there, the new residents imported several objects from the East, including the two head-shaped vessels presented here.
Despite the large number of unguentaria vessels generally discovered in Roman archeological sites, very little information is available concerning the nature and chemical composition of the products ...that were originally contained within these artifacts. In this study a combined non-destructive approach that included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence was used for the characterization of some brownish-black residues preserved in a series of glass unguentaria recovered from excavations at the Roman baths from Mălăiești. The obtained results highlighted the presence of different inorganic substances (an earth-based pigment rich in iron and manganese oxides, admixed with traces of lead- and mercury-based compounds) impregnated with an organic binder such as animal glue and possible natural essential oils, a powdered product associated most probably with a cosmetic/pharmacological use. The study allowed a first insight into the composition and origin of these ancient remains, providing important clues that may help to understand the original function of these unguentaria vessels.
Photonic crystals built by time in ancient Roman glass Guidetti, Giulia; Zanini, Roberta; Franceschin, Giulia ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
09/2023, Letnik:
120, Številka:
39
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Ancient glass objects typically show distinctive effects of deterioration as a result of environmentally induced physicochemical transformations of their surface over time. Iridescence is one of the ...distinctive signatures of aging that is most commonly found on excavated glass. In this work, we present an ancient glass fragment that exhibits structural color through surface weathering resulting in iridescent patinas caused by silica reprecipitation in nanoscale lamellae. This archaeological artifact reveals an unusual hierarchically assembled photonic crystal with extremely ordered nanoscale domains, high spectral selectivity, and reflectivity (~90%), that collectively behaves like a gold mirror. Optical characterization paired with nanoscale elemental analysis further underscores the high quality of this structure providing a window into this sophisticated natural photonic crystal assembled by time.
Excavations in the Roman villa of Aiano yielded twenty glass beads, a pendant, and a glass-recycling furnace, originally interpreted as a bead workshop. This article re-assesses the evidence of bead ...making in light of new data obtained thanks to recent progress in archaeological glass studies. A detailed study of the typology, technology, and chemical composition of the beads clearly excludes local production. Instead, two different forming techniques, four different base glasses (Roman, HIMT, Foy 2.1 and Foy 2.1/HIMT), and numerous colouring and opacifying materials point to a well-established and extensive network of the Roman bead trade, in which Aiano evidently participated. The majority of the beads can be related to the monumentalization of the villa in the fourth to fifth century ad and represent a sample of the ornaments worn by its inhabitants.
Thirty six glass items excavated at Cârlomăneşti and Pietroasa Mică, Buzău County, Romania (3rd c. BC – 1st c. AD) were analysed for their chemical composition using external PIXE-PIGE at AGLAE ...accelerator, Paris and external PIXE at the 3 MV Tandetron™ accelerator, Măgurele, to reveal the raw materials and manufacturing procedures, trying to reconstruct the links between the Geto-Dacian populations and the Hellenistic, Celtic and Roman ones during that historical time.
The archaeological hypothesis was that these vitreous artefacts were luxury goods imported as such, made of fresh glass. The analyses showed that the objects were shaped from natron glass, with recipes typical for the Hellenistic period. Occasionally, glass recycling indicators were evidenced. Hints about the decolorizers (antimony, manganese) or chromophores (manganese, iron, cobalt, copper) were obtained.
This archaeometric study is a pioneering one, considering the absence from the literature of compositional data on glass finds discovered in Geto-Dacian settlements.
•Flux, chromophores and opacifiers determined by XRF and FORS.•Hypothesis of the use of local sand from XRF data.•FORS suitable for chromophores identification also on transparent ...materials.•Conservation state and degraded mapped through PT and processed by high order statistical analysis.•PT output: single image for simple, fast and effective degraded glass mapping.
The process of degradation of archaeological glass subjected to centuries of burial can be of great relevance: typical consequence of degradation in the original vitreous material is rainbow-like iridescence due to chemical alteration of surface layers, salts formation and ion migration. The research presented in this paper is focused on the study of a collection of Roman glass (I - II century A.D.) held by the Museo Civico Etnografico Archeologico Fanchini of Oleggio, Italy. Chemical characterization (namely flux, chromophores and opacifiers determination) has been performed by a combination of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) in the UV–Vis-NIR region. Conservation conditions have been studied and degraded areas have been mapped through Infrared thermography (IRT). IRT is a non-invasive method typically used to measure the apparent temperature of objects and represent it as pseudo-colour images. In the present work, we demonstrate the feasibility of IRT for identifying and mapping glass substrate defects due to ageing of glass, assuming that they may be considered as thermal anomalies. Thermogram sequences have been processed by high order statistical analysis, which is particularly suitable since it is based on automated processes where the output is a single representative image. The use of a thermal camera allows furthermore to perform remote analysis in areas hardly reachable in a fast and effective way.
Scallop bowls from Late Roman Pannonia Dévai, Kata
Acta archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,
12/2023, Letnik:
74, Številka:
2
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Abstract
This paper covers the mould-blown scallop bowls from Late Roman Pannonia (Hungary), which merit a discussion because compared to other regions of the Roman Empire, scallop bowls have a ...relatively dense distribution in this province (Fig. 6). All the bowls described and discussed here were part of the grave goods recovered from burials, providing a good context for these vessels.
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