In this article, we develop and meta-analytically test the relationship between job demands and resources and burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes in the workplace. In a meta-analysis of 203 ...independent samples (N = 186,440), we found support for a health impairment process and for a motivational process as mechanisms through which job demands and resources relate to safety outcomes. In particular, we found that job demands such as risks and hazards and complexity impair employees' health and positively relate to burnout. Likewise, we found support for job resources such as knowledge, autonomy, and a supportive environment motivating employees and positively relating to engagement. Job demands were found to hinder an employee with a negative relationship to engagement, whereas job resources were found to negatively relate to burnout. Finally, we found that burnout was negatively related to working safely but that engagement motivated employees and was positively related to working safely. Across industries, risks and hazards was the most consistent job demand and a supportive environment was the most consistent job resource in terms of explaining variance in burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes. The type of job demand that explained the most variance differed by industry, whereas a supportive environment remained consistent in explaining the most variance in all industries.
This proven and internationally recognized text teaches the methods of engineering design as a condition of successful product development. It breaks down the design process into phases and then into ...distinct steps, each with its own working methods.
•Analysing Scholarly research on road safety in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).•Providing a scoping review of road safety research in LMIC (more than 2600 research ...items).•Contrasting the general literature of road safety with that of the LMIC.•Analysing patterns of authorships and co-authorships in road safety research in LMIC contexts.•Identifying trends, knowledge gaps and challenges of road safety research in LMIC.
Road users in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are overrepresented in road trauma statistics. Despite the relative success of many high-income countries (HICs) in reducing deaths on their roads, not much tangible progress has been made in LMICs. Also, on the research front, the vast majority of road safety knowledge has been emerging from institutes of HICs. Considering significant differences in driving culture, legislation, and traffic law enforcement between LMICs and HICs, it seems essential that research on road safety within LMICs intensifies beyond the existing rate to produce the much-needed local knowledge and to develop initiatives that meet their safety needs and upgrade their practices. To facilitate this, here, the landscape and temporal trends of road safety research in LMICs are analysed while contrasting them with those of the general scholarly literature on road safety. It is estimated that slightly less than 10% of the road safety research has been undertaken in the contexts of LMICs, which is extremely disproportionate considering the fact that most road traffic deaths and injuries occur in LMICs. Questionnaire-based research on socio-psychological aspects of driving, cycling, and walking as well as statistical modelling of road crash data seem to have made up the dominant focus of LMIC researchers within the recent years. Areas of road safety research that are underrepresented in LMIC studies are also identified in this work. Patterns of authorship and co-authorship in LMIC studies are also analysed at the level of countries, organisations, and authors. It is hoped that this effort can contribute to further invigoration of road safety research in LMICs and to highlighting the current knowledge gaps, while also giving better recognition to active road safety researchers of LMICs, and thereby, prompting more international collaborations in this domain.
With increasing demands for efficiency and product quality plus progress in the integration of automatic control systems in high-cost mechatronic and safety-critical processes, the field of ...supervision (or monitoring), fault detection and fault diagnosis plays an important role. The book gives an introduction into advanced methods of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). After definitions of important terms, it considers the reliability, availability, safety and systems integrity of technical processes. Then fault-detection methods for single signals without models such as limit and trend checking and with harmonic and stochastic models, such as Fourier analysis, correlation and wavelets are treated. This is followed by fault detection with process models using the relationships between signals such as parameter estimation, parity equations, observers and principal component analysis. The treated fault-diagnosis methods include classification methods from Bayes classification to neural networks with decision trees and inference methods from approximate reasoning with fuzzy logic to hybrid fuzzy-neuro systems. Several practical examples for fault detection and diagnosis of DC motor drives, a centrifugal pump, automotive suspension and tire demonstrate applications.
•Policy decision: Parliament approval can grant legitimacy to a Vision Zero policy.•Policy problem: All visions, except fire safety, state that failures in system design causes accidents.•Policy ...goal: All goal formulations are similar except suicide that stands out as more complex.•Policy measures: Physically coherent areas use engineering while care-related areas use soft measures.•Policy variation: The policy variation depends on context, such as resources, support and anchoring.
The Vision Zero policy was adopted by the Swedish parliament in 1997 as a new direction for road traffic safety. The aim of the policy is that no one should be killed or seriously injured due to traffic accidents and that the design of the road transport system should be adapted to those requirements. Vision Zero has been described as a policy innovation with a focus on the tolerance of the human body to kinetic energy and that the responsibility for road safety falls on the system designers. In Sweden, the Vision Zero terminology has spread to other safety-related areas, such as fire safety, patient safety, workplace safety and suicide. The purpose of this article is to analyze, through a comparative content analysis, each Vision Zero policy by identifying the policy decision, policy problem, policy goal, and policy measures. How a policy is designed and formulated has a direct effect on implementation and outcome. The similarities and differences between the policies give an indication of the transfer method in each case. The results show that the Vision Zero policies following the Vision Zero for road traffic contain more than merely a similar terminology, but also that the ideas incorporated in Vision Zero are not grounded within each policy area as one would expect. The study shows that it is easier to imitate formulations in a seemingly successful policy and harder to transform Vision Zero into a workable tool in each policy area.
•Discussed the significance and performance of the construction industry.•Explored the relationship between safety & productivity and identified the current safety practices in the industry.•Carried ...out empirical research aiming to identify the critical factors affecting construction safety performance.•Divided the H&S factors into six clusters using NVivo 12.5 pro.•Developed a safety management system (SMS) framework to overcome the safety factors affecting safety performance.
The construction industry is known both for its significance in economic growth and its hazardous nature. The accidents on construction sites not only cause fatalities but also affect project performance severely in term of delayed completion, cost overruns, reduced quality and eventually low productivity. Statistically, poor safety performance is the main cause of the accident on sites due to the number of influencing factors. To improve safety performance, it is inevitable to investigate potential factors involved in safety management. This is a working paper and examines the relative importance of key factors influencing Health and Safety (H&S) performance and the rationale for developing a robust safety management system (SMS) that migrates all factors into one framework. This paper adopts an empirical research methodology based on literature review and secondary data gathered systematically from peer-reviewed journals. There are around sixty H&S factors and these have been assigned to cluster leadings forming six groups namely: ‘organisational’, ‘managerial’, ‘legislative’, ‘social’, ‘environmental’ and ‘personnel’ factors. In developing the rationale for the safety management system (SMS) framework it has become apparent that the effective safety performance can only be achieved through effective (1) implementation of safety regulations, (2) leadership, (3) safety planning, (4) safety compliance, (5) performance measurement, (6) risk assessment, (7) safety inspection, and (8) Safety Culture. These factors are interrelated with each other and they cannot be isolated, however, in order to significantly improve the safety performance target on construction projects, there is a need to re-alignment and re-balance the priorities assigned to factors influencing safety performance.
Prof. Ajit Kumar Verma is Director of the International Institute of Information Technology Pune, India. He is also a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Indian Institute of ...Technology Bombay with a research focus on reliability engineering and quality management. He has over 180 papers in journals and in conference proceedings. He is the editor-in-chief of OPSEARCH (published by Springer) and of the International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management (also published by Springer). He is on the editorial board of various international journals. He has been a guest editor of IJRQSE, IJPE, CDQM, IJAC, etc., and has supervised 23 PhDs. His area of research is reliability and maintainability engineering. Prof. Srividya Ajit received her BE degree in 1982, her MTech in Reliability Engineering in 1985 and her PhD in 1994, from IIT Bombay. She has been with IIT Bombay since 1988 and is currently a professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at IIT Bombay with a research focus on reliability in engineering design, structural reliability and environmental effects on system reliability. Over 50 of her papers have been published in various national and international journals, and over 100 have been part of national or international conferences. She has also co-authored a book entitled Fuzzy Reliability Engineering: Concepts and Applications. She was conference chairperson of the International Conference on Reliability, Safety Hazard 2005 (Advances in Risk Informed Technology), for which she also edited the proceedings, the International Conference on Quality, Reliability and Infocom 2006, and the International Conference on Reliability, Safety and Quality Engineering 2008 (for which she also edited the proceedings). She has been instrumental in editing and reviewing the proceedings of various international conferences, such as the International Conference on Quality Reliability and Control 2001, the International Conference on Multimedia and Design 2002, and the International Conference on Quality Reliability and Information Technology 2003. She is a recipient of SREQOM`s Leadership in Reliability Engineering Education Research award. Dr. Durga Rao Karanki is presently working as a scientist at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland. He graduated in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the Nagarjuna University, India, and holds MTech (Reliability Engineering) and PhD (Engg.) degrees from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur and Bombay respectively. He also completed an OCEP course in Nuclear Science and Engineering at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), India. He was with BARC as a scientist in the Reactor Safety Division during 2002-2008. He was also a visiting faculty member at the training school for the Department of Atomic Energy, India. He has been actively involved in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of nuclear reactors, and risk informed decision-making and its implementation in chemical and nuclear facilities. His research interests are uncertainty management in PSA, accident dynamics for integrated safety analysis, and application of Monte Carlo simulation and genetic algorithms in reliability/risk management. He has published several research papers in leading international journals and conferences, as well as being an organizing committee member of reliability and safety conferences: ICRESH 2005, ICQRIT 2006, ICRSQE 2008, and ICQRIT 2009. He is a member of the editorial board of IJSAEM. He is a recipient of SREQOM`s researcher award for his contribution to uncertainty management in PSA of NPPs.
Providing a practical introduction to the basic theories and principals of accident prevention through diagnosis and feedback control, this book presents the various methods and tools of safety, ...health, and environment (SHE) practice where experience feedback is employed. These include methods of accident and near accident reporting and investigati
The aim of this book is to show how a cultural approach can contribute to the assessment, description and improvement of safety conditions in organizations. The relationship between organizational ...culture and safety, epitomized through the concept of 'safety culture', has undoubtedly become one of the hottest topics of both safety research and practical efforts to improve safety. By combining a general framework and five research projects, the author explores and further develops the theoretical, methodological and practical basis of the study of safety culture.
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