Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) has been enduringly influential in philosophy of science, challenging many common presuppositions about the nature of science and the growth of ...scientific knowledge. However, philosophers have misunderstood Kuhn's view, treating him as a relativist or social constructionist. In this book, Brad Wray argues that Kuhn provides a useful framework for developing an epistemology of science that takes account of the constructive role that social factors play in scientific inquiry. He examines the core concepts of Structure and explains the main characteristics of both Kuhn's evolutionary epistemology and his social epistemology, relating Structure to Kuhn's developed view presented in his later writings. The discussion includes analyses of the Copernican revolution in astronomy and the plate tectonics revolution in geology. The book will be useful for scholars working in science studies, sociologists and historians of science as well as philosophers of science.
Age dynamics in scientific creativity Jones, Benjamin F; Weinberg, Bruce A
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
11/2011, Letnik:
108, Številka:
47
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Data on Nobel Laureates show that the age–creativity relationship varies substantially more over time than across fields. The age dynamics within fields closely mirror field-specific shifts in (i) ...training patterns and (ii) the prevalence of theoretical contributions. These dynamics are especially pronounced in physics and coincide with the emergence of quantum mechanics. Taken together, these findings show fundamental shifts in the life cycle of research productivity, inform theories of the age–creativity relationship, and provide observable predictors for the age at which great achievements are made.
Thomas Kuhn'sThe Structure of Scientific Revolutionsis one of the most important books of the twentieth century. Its influence reaches far beyond the philosophy of science, and its key terms, such as ..."paradigm shift," "normal science," and "incommensurability," are now used in both academic and public discourse without any reference to Kuhn. However, Kuhn's philosophy is still often misunderstood and underappreciated. InKuhn's Legacy, Bojana Mladenović offers a novel analysis of Kuhn's central philosophical project, focusing on his writings afterStructure.Mladenović argues that Kuhn's historicism was always coupled with a firm and consistent antirelativism but that it was only in his mature writings that Kuhn began to systematically develop an original account of scientific rationality. She reconstructs this account, arguing that Kuhn sees the rationality of science as a form of collective rationality. At the purely formal level, Kuhn's conception of scientific rationality prohibits obviously irrational beliefs and choices and requires reason-responsiveness as well as the uninterrupted pursuit of inquiry. At the substantive, historicized level, it rests on a distinctly pragmatist mode of justification compatible with a notion of contingent but robust scientific progress. Mladenović argues that Kuhn's epistemology and his metaphilosophy both represent a creative and fruitful continuation of the tradition of American pragmatism.Kuhn's Legacydemonstrates the vitality of Kuhn's philosophical project and its importance for the study of the philosophy and history of science today.
Unlike classical artificial intelligence (AI), generative AI has the potential to transform scientists into intellectual cyborgs. Leveraging embodied cognition and extended mind theories can help us ...understand this scientific revolution. Despite ethical concerns, generative AI can enhance research efficiency and accessibility. However, this requires unprecedented proactive regulation and responsible development.
En los últimos quince años han irrumpido en el escenario político, económico y científico términos como la innovación social, la economía colaborativa, la empresa social, la responsabilidad social ...empresarial, la ciudadanía corporativa, la economía circular, la economía del bien común, la economía solidaria y las prácticas económicas alternativas. La irrupción de este nuevo léxico se ha hecho patente durante la última crisis y en el contexto de transformación estructural de las economías occidentales. Conforman paradigmas que nacen en el contexto de deslegitimación del modelo económico imperante basado en la empresa maximizadora de beneficios y poniendo en valor la dimensión social.El objeto del presente artículo es analizar estas nociones emergentes y compararlas con el ya consolidado concepto de la economía social. Para ello, en primer lugar y como punto de referencia, se presenta el concepto de economía social, su sentido socioeconómico y epistemológico y sus dimensiones cuantitativas actuales en Europa. En segundo lugar, se estudia cada una de estas nociones emergentes abordando su contenido, su grado de institucionalización académica y social y finalmente el grado de notoriedad alcanzado. En tercer lugar, se realiza una interpretación de la aparición de estas nociones y se ofrece un marco de análisis para su comparación con el concepto de economía social. El artículo finaliza con un apartado de conclusiones.
Thomas Kuhn on Paradigms Anand, Gopesh; Larson, Eric C.; Mahoney, Joseph T.
Production and operations management,
July 2020, Letnik:
29, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study provides key arguments and contributions of Kuhn (1970) concerning paradigms, paradigm shifts, and scientific revolutions. We provide interpretations of Kuhn's (1970) key ideas and ...concepts, especially as they relate to business management research. We conclude by considering the practical implications of paradigms and paradigm shifts for contemporary business management researchers and suggest that ethical rules of conversation are at least as critical for the health of a scientific community as methodological rules (e.g., the rules of logical positivism) derived from the philosophy of science.
Following the publication of Thomas Kuhn’s
Structure of Scientific Revolutions
the term paradigm became ubiquitous. It is now commonplace in academic writing across the disciplines. Though much has ...been written about Kuhn’s use of the term and its impact on other fields, there has not yet been a systematic study of how frequently Kuhn used the term in
Structure
. My aim in this paper is to provide such an analysis. I aim to answer the following questions: (1) How many times does Kuhn actually use the term in the book?; (2) What is the most number of times that he uses the term on a single page?; and (3) Is the term used evenly throughout the book or is it mentioned more often in some chapters than in others?
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