Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (SSB) among children is a main risk factor for childhood obesity and subsequent onset of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular ...disease. Introducing a tax on SSBs could potentially curb SSB consumption. However, empirical evidence remains limited and mixed. This study aims to assess the effect of an SSB tax on consumption among youth. Methods: Design Quasi-natural experiment and difference-in-difference (DID) analytical framework of pre- and post-tax SSB consumption among youth. Setting Philadelphia, PA; Seattle, WA; Oakland, CA; and Chicago Cook County, IL where sweetened beverage taxes were implemented, and other thirty cities without an SSB tax as controls. Participants 9th to 12th high school students Exposures Sweetened beverage excise taxes Main outcome and measures Effect of an SSB tax on the probability and quantity of soda, milk, and 100% fruit juice consumption. Results: Our DID estimation suggested that the introduction of an SSB tax was associated with a significant decline in soda consumption among high-school students in terms of probability (2.3 percentage points, CI, - 3.5 to -0.1, p<0.01) and quantity (0.48 of a can, equivalent to 5.76 ounces CI, -0.60 to -0.37, p < 0.01) of consumption. The decreased soda consumption was compensated by an increase in weekly milk consumption (0.55 glasses/ 4.4 ounces, CI, -0.44 to -0.66, p<0.01), whereas the consumption of 100% juice remained unchanged. The tax effects were more pronounced among normal weight, female, and racially Black/African American or White high school students compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: SSB taxes are an efficacious fiscal policy tool to curb SSB consumption among US youth.
Background: Policies and programs aimed at mitigating the availability of unhealthy food outlets near schools might be a promising strategy to improve dietary intakes and reduce obesity in ...schoolchildren. Australian evidence is scarce with regards to how school children interact with food outlets near schools and whether the 'food environment' (i.e., the type, location, and number of food outlets within a geographic location) near schools is associated with student food purchasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between frequency of secondary school students' discretionary food purchasing from food outlets near their school and the types and number of food outlets present in the surrounding food environment. Methods: Perth (Western Australia) secondary school students reported their frequency of discretionary food purchases from food outlets near their school (17 schools, n = 2,389 grade 7-12 students). Food outlet availability was sourced from Local Governments and geocoded. A mixed-effects model was used in analyses. Results: Almost half (45%) of students purchased discretionary foods from food outlets near their school on a weekly-or-more basis. For every additional top-ranking fast-food chain (i.e., McDonalds, KFC, Hungry Jacks, Red Rooster) within 400m, 800m, and 1km of a school, there was a significant increase in the frequency of student purchasing of discretionary foods from an outlet near their school (p < 0.05). There was no evidence that the number of fast-food outlets, supermarkets, convenience stores, other snack/beverage stores and fruit and vegetable outlets near schools were associated with discretionary food purchasing. Conclusions: The availability of fast-food chains appear to be a key driver of students' discretionary food purchasing from food outlets near schools. Interventions restricting major chain fast-food outlets near schools may help curtail adolescent's consumption of discretionary foods.
Every year, the Department of Germanic Studies at Indiana University hosts a theater project for high school students from across the state. 2021 was the 8th consecutive successful year of the ...festival, and the second time it was held online. The main incentive of the project is to give German students of all levels a creative way to engage with the language through performance. In our article, we explore how to move the festival to a digital space during the pandemic, as well as how the project is organized in general. We write about difficulties and successes with the format, and show examples of student projects and educational workshops. The festival has thrived as an outreach program for the department, attracting more and more learners to German. Even though the project was switched to an online format, every year, an increasing number of high school students enthusiastically participate and use it as an outlet to show their love for language, culture, and performance.
Vedecká gramotnosť je považovaná za jednu zo základných spôsobilostí potrebných pri hodnotení informácií a robení informovaných rozhodnutí. Hoci slovenskí študenti skórujú v testoch vedeckej ...gramotnosti dlhodobo pod priemerom krajín OECD, jej rozvoju sa venuje len veľmi malá pozornosť a v edukačnom systéme je prítomná prevažne implicitne. Cieľom tejto práce bolo preto poskytnúť prehľad intervencií, ktoré sú zamerané na zlepšovanie vedeckej gramotnosti v stredoškolskom prostredí a popísať hlavné charakteristiky, ktoré môžu podporovať účinnosť týchto intervencií. V prehľade sa autori konkrétne zamerali na dve zložky vedeckej gramotnosti, ktorými sú vedecké myslenie a postoje k vede, a pomocou obsahovej analýzy analyzovali zistenia 40 empirických štúdií. Štúdia poukazuje na to, že vedecké myslenie je možné efektívne rozvíjať cielenými intervenciami zameranými na schopnosť vedeckej argumentácie, pochopenie podstaty vedy a proces vedeckého objavovania. Intervencie zamerané na zlepšovanie postojov k vede zdieľajú podobné charakteristiky ako intervencie zamerané na vedecké myslenie. Dôležitú rolu v podpore účinnosti intervencií majú úroveň podpory žiaka, výučbová stratégia, pohlavie a doména intervencie.
Abstract
The Celtic Stone (also known as a rattleback) is a semi-ellipsoidal shaped solid object which when spun rotates on its axis in a preferred direction. If spun in the opposite direction, it ...goes to the stop and reverses its spin to the preferred direction. As the movement of the stone is multidirectional it is a challenge to perform quantitative measurements of its motion characteristics. The work presents the experimental set-up and the procedure for collecting date of a rattleback motion as the high school students activity. Proposals for specific student actions and their benefits for learning were described in connection with the results obtained. Some preliminary results of video measurements performed with a specific metal rattleback and meant to visualize its motion are reported. Attempts to compare the results with predictions based on the numerical model of the situation are undertaken. The advantages and disadvantages of the measurement system are presented and discussed.
Abstract
Introduction
Although napping is very common and related to the outcome of individual development, the relationship between napping and health is not the same in different social and ...cultural contexts. In China, napping is considered as a healthy lifestyle and is often associated with better adolescent development outcomes. As a special group of teenagers (the academic level does not meet the requirements of ordinary high school), vocational high school students have a higher incidence of behavioral problems than ordinary high school students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of napping and its relationship with behavioral problems in vocational high school students.
Methods
The napping questionnaire, Youth Self Report (YSR), general information questionnaire and other tools for covariates were used to measure 2505 high school students (62.04% boys, 37.96% girls, 16.71±0.02 years), recruited by convenient sampling. The relationship between nappingand behavioral problems was analyzed by multiple linear regression.
Results
72.58% of the participants reported taking a midday nap at least three days per week during the past month, and 55.79% of our sample reported naps more than 30 minutes. Multiple regression analysis showed that nap frequency was negatively associated with high school students’ behavior problems after controlling for general characteristics and other important covariates. Compared with high school students who did not nap or napped less than 1 time/week, high school students who napped 1–2 times/week or 3–4 times/week had lower level of both internalizing behavior problems and externalizing behavior problems. There was no statistically significant association between nap duration and behavior problems.
Conclusion
This study finds that when napping is allowed, moderate frequency of napping is associated with lower level of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in vocational high school students, while nap duration is not significantly associated with behavioral problems. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism of the relationship between napping and behavior problems.
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Abstract
Introduction
High perfectionism is a common trait among sport athletes. Moreover, striving for perfection has been associated with motivation and higher achievement in school. However, ...studies have shown an association between high levels of perfectionism and sleep disturbances, such as insomnia. Since teenagers are going through sleep and chronobiological changes, this study aims to verify the possible relationship between perfectionism and sleep in adolescents.
Methods
To date, fifteen high school students (13-14y) were recruited to be part of a longitudinal study of their sleep patterns as well as their sport and academic performances. Ten of those students are enrolled in Sports-Studies programs that involve a competitive practice of a sport for at least 15h a week. The other five students are attending a regular school program. Each participant completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Morningness-Eveningness for Children Scale, and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale at the beginning of the school year. They also completed sleep diaries and wore an actigraph for 8 days. An exploratory analysis was performed in order to verify the association between the dimension of socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and sleep (chronotype, social jetlag, total sleep time during school nights and daytime sleepiness) using Pearson’s correlations. Then, the associations between the dimension of self-directed perfectionism (SDP) and the sleep variables were also verify using Pearson’s correlations.
Results
SPP was positively correlated with the chronotype (r=.58, p=0.03) and negatively correlated with daytime sleepiness (r=-.58, p=.03). No other sleep variables were associated with SPP, nor with SDP.
Conclusion
These preliminary results suggest that a higher desire to satisfy what they perceived as their peers’ expectations to be perfect is associated with less daytime sleepiness and a tendency towards morningness. As for self-directed perfectionism, it doesn’t seem to be associated with sleep. Further studies are needed in order to confirm these results with larger student samples. Studies also need to verify whether the relationship between the chronotype and SPP will change with the shift towards eveningness observed throughout the adolescence period.
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