The results of this study show that the self-security clauses listed by the notary in the deeds did not violate the provisions of laws and regulations, especially the UUJN. That is, the clause is ...validly stated on the condition that the notary lists the clause based on the statements of the complainants and that the statements or statements and supporting documents as a reference for making a notarial deed are valid, so if in the future it is known that there are wrong things, then the notary can use the clause as a form of effort to secure themselves or as a form of notarial resistance if the notary is used as a witness, the suspect/defendant, the defendant/co-defendant because of the deed he made. Juridically, the notary's self-protection clause does not have the legal force to bind third parties such as prosecutors, public prosecutors, or judges, so the clause cannot provide legal immunity for the notary if the notary can indeed be proven guilty in advance of the court. The clause only applies to notaries who have carried out the position's duties, especially in doing deeds by the provisions of the UUJN and laws and regulations.How to cite item: Budiman, N., Kinasig, N.M.A.S., Pangandaheng, T.M.C., Nada, A.Q., (2022). The validity of the notary's self-safety clause in the notary deed. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 13(3)300-307. doi:10.26905/idjch.v13i3.8616.
Der Praxismietvertrag Hesse, T.
Journal für Ästhetische Chirurgie,
12/2017, Letnik:
10, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Zusammenfassung
Der Praxismietvertrag hat für den Arzt existenzielle Bedeutung. Eine vorausschauende Gestaltung lohnt sich wirtschaftlich und beugt Konflikten vor. Da es sich um einen ...Gewerberaummietvertrag handelt, sind nahezu sämtliche Vertragselemente frei verhandelbar. Gegebenenfalls lohnt es sich, als Praxisgesellschaft zu mieten. Üblich ist die Vereinbarung einer Festlaufzeit von mehreren Jahren mit einseitiger Verlängerungsoption. Bei einem Verstoß gegen Formvorgaben ist der Vertrag allerdings trotzdem kurzfristig kündbar. Die Miete wird in der Regel durch eine Wertsicherungsklausel bestimmt. Vorsicht ist im Zusammenhang mit der Optierung zur Umsatzsteuererhebung geboten. Sozietäts‑, Nachfolge- und Konkurrenzschutzklauseln dienen der Absicherung des Arztes, der sich im Übrigen Sonderkündigungsrechte und Todesfallschutz einräumen lassen sollte. Für den Zustand der Mieträume ist grundsätzlich der Vermieter verantwortlich. Bei Mängeln ist der Mieter zur Minderung berechtigt.
This paper revisits the question of substantive rules versus procedural rules to enforce constitutions. Scholars engaging in positive analysis of constitutional rules argue that procedural rules are ...more durable and act as better safeguards for constitutional maintenance. Chapter 61 of the Magna Carta, also known as the ‘security clause,’ lays out the procedural component for enforcement of the Charter. The clause provides for a council of twenty-five barons to enforce the Charter, with provisions to choose and replace the members, outline their powers, and constrain executive action. It is therefore puzzling that Chapter 61 is absent in the 1216 issue of the Magna Carta, and all reissues thereafter. On the other hand, substantive protections like Chapter 40 have been maintained through the evolution of constitutional rules over 800 years. It is even more puzzling that the Magna Carta survived for 800 years without the main clause to enforce it. This paper argues that the procedural-versus-substantive distinction is superficial, and instead focuses on polycentric arrangements creating opposing interests, to understand self enforcing constitutions and explain the failure of the 1215 Charter and the longevity of the reissues of the Charter.
Der Praxismietvertrag Hesse, T.
Pneumologe,
03/2019, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Zusammenfassung
Der Praxismietvertrag hat für den Arzt existenzielle Bedeutung. Eine vorausschauende Gestaltung lohnt sich wirtschaftlich und beugt Konflikten vor. Da es sich um einen ...Gewerberaummietvertrag handelt, sind nahezu sämtliche Vertragselemente frei verhandelbar. Gegebenenfalls lohnt es sich, als Praxisgesellschaft zu mieten. Üblich ist die Vereinbarung einer Festlaufzeit von mehreren Jahren mit einseitiger Verlängerungsoption. Bei einem Verstoß gegen Formvorgaben ist der Vertrag allerdings trotzdem kurzfristig kündbar. Die Miete wird in der Regel durch eine Wertsicherungsklausel bestimmt. Vorsicht ist im Zusammenhang mit der Optierung zur Umsatzsteuererhebung geboten. Sozietäts‑, Nachfolge- und Konkurrenzschutzklauseln dienen der Absicherung des Arztes, der sich im Übrigen Sonderkündigungsrechte und Todesfallschutz einräumen lassen sollte. Für den Zustand der Mieträume ist grundsätzlich der Vermieter verantwortlich. Bei Mängeln ist der Mieter zur Minderung berechtigt.
Citizens United upends much of campaign finance law, but it maintains at least one feature of that legal regime: the equal treatment of corporations and unions. Prior to Citizens United, that is, ...corporations and unions were equally constrained in their ability to spend general treasury funds on federal electoral politics. After the decision, campaign finance law leaves both equally unconstrained and free to use their general treasuries to finance political expenditures. But the symmetrical treatment that Citizens United leaves in place masks a less visible, but equally significant, way in which the law treats union and corporate political spending differently. Namely, federal law prohibits a union from spending its general treasury funds on politics if individual employees object to such use—employees, in short, enjoy a federally protected right to opt out of funding union political activity. In contrast, corporations are free to spend their general treasuries on politics even if individual shareholders object—shareholders enjoy no right to opt out of financing corporate political activity. This Article assesses whether the asymmetric rule of political opt-out rights is justified. The Article first offers an affirmative case for symmetry grounded in the principle that the power to control access to economic apportunities—whether employment or investmentbased—should not be used to secure compliance with or support for the economic actor's political agenda. It then addresses three arguments in favor of asymmetry. Given the relative weakness of these arguments, the Article suggests that the current asymmetry in opt-out rules may be unjustified. The Article concludes by pointing to constitutional questions raised by this asymmetry, and by arguing that lawmakers would be justified in correcting it.
How does a typically European bargaining system, with collective bargaining and national minimum wage, coexist with low unemployment and high wage flexibility? A unique data set on workers, firms, ...and collective bargaining contracts in Portugal is used to analyze the determinants of both the contractual wage and the wage cushion (difference between contractual and actual wages). The results indicate that the wage cushion stretches the returns to worker and firm attributes, whereas it shrinks the returns to union power. Therefore, firm‐specific arrangements partly offset collective bargaining, granting firms certain freedom when setting wages. Contractual wages reflect trade unions' egalitarian policy.
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