The increase in population and demand for settlement facilities and infrastructure affects the attractiveness of Batu city (Indonesia) and has a significant impact on the environmentWe perform ...spatial mapping of the environmental carrying capacity in developing settlements using the overlay-geoprocessing method. This method is based on unit indicators such as slope, morthology, soil type, elevation, and potential for disasters for obtaining the data on land capability, land suitability, and settlement development plans. Land capability analysis shows that slope, morthology and altitude are the main factors for attributing moderate, low, and poor development capability. The land capability unit shows the areas with slope steepness and land morthology that are not appropriate for intensively developing areas. Batu City areas of moderate, low, and poor development capacity cover 13,365.14 ha, 3193.04 ha, and 2858.07 ha. We also demonstrate that there is about 2,363 ha of unsuitable land use with poor land capability and 3,784.28 ha of land can be developed for settlement. Using this approach we determine saturation point in the residential area plan, because the environmental impact will increase if no threshold is given for residential development.
While a significant body of academic work has been compiled on the transformation of planning law since the end of apartheid, far less has been produced on the perceptions of practising planners of ...these new laws, and their impacts on the planning profession’s stated objective of contributing to the creation of quality human settlements. This article seeks to assist in filling this gap in the field by reporting on a study into the perceptions of practising planners in the Western Cape in this regard. The study involves research into the views of professional planners on planning laws applied during and post-apartheid and the impact of these laws on human settlement planning and development. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 professional planners employed in the public and private sectors. The data sample, limited to the Western Cape province, was regarded as a starting point for further research on the perception of planners in these regards in the remaining eight provinces in the country. The key findings of this study are that planners by and large welcome the new planning legislation and view it as an improvement on the old. The challenges being experienced are mainly related to the institutional and financial landscape in which the law plays out rather than the law itself, notably lengthy planning processes; a focus on meeting housing-delivery targets at the cost of other equally important settlement development objectives; capacity, and budget constraints.
Kleinräumige, vielfach polarisierende und durch Wanderungen geprägte Veränderungen der Bevölkerungsstruktur wirken entscheidend auf die aktuelle Siedlungsentwicklung in Deutschland ein. Wenngleich ...die Landes- und Regionalplanung versucht, die damit in Verbindung stehenden Wohnbauflächenbedarfe zu steuern, kommt es infolge einer Konkurrenz der Gemeinden um potenzielle Wanderungsgewinne vielfach zu einer ungeregelten Ausweisung von Wohnbauflächen innerhalb der Gesamtregion. Für den vorliegenden Beitrag ist dies der Anlass, einen Ansatz für eine interkommunal abgestimmte, demographischen Entwicklungen Rechnung tragende Wohnbauflächenbedarfsermittlung zu entwickeln, um auf diese Weise die Flächeninanspruchnahme insgesamt zu verringern. In einem ersten Schritt werden dazu die aus zu erwartenden kleinräumigen Wanderungen ableitbaren Wohnbauflächenbedarfe in Form von unterschiedlichen Szenarien gemeindekonkret dargestellt. In einem zweiten Schritt gilt es, mittels eines Prüforteansatzes solche Gemeinden zu identifizieren, die aufgrund ihrer Ausstattungs- und Erreichbarkeitsmerkmale geeignet scheinen, zusätzliche Wohnbauflächenbedarfe aufzunehmen. In einem dritten Schritt werden die ermittelten Wohnbauflächenbedarfe mithilfe verschiedener Indikatoren Prüforten zugeordnet. Der Ansatz wird am Beispiel der Region Halle-Leipzig illustriert.
Small-scale, often polarizing changes in the population structure characterized by migration, have a crucial influence on the current development of settlements in Germany. Although state and regional planning tries to manage related demands for residential areas, competition for potential migration gains on the municipal level often leads to an unregulated development of residential areas within the region. This paper therefore seeks to develop an approach for an inter-municipally coordinated planning of residential areas, which takes into account demographic developments, in order to reduce the overall land consumption. In a first step, the residential land requirements that can be derived from expected small-scale population movements are presented in the form of different scenarios for specific municipalities. In a second step, a screening approach is used to identify those municipalities that appear to be suitable for accommodating additional residential development land requirements on the basis of their amenities and accessibility. In a third step, the identified residential land requirements are assigned to test areas with the help of various indicators. The approach is illustrated using the example of the Halle-Leipzig region.
Evaluation of a site suitability for sustainable urban settlement growth is crucial. A system for evaluating an interaction between the factors must be established to assure that critical site ...selection interrelationships are not neglected. To solve this problem, the proposed methodology was evaluated to identify a suitable site for sustainable residential development in Nashik, India. The Geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-influence factor (MIF) approach is used in this study to find ideal locations for future urban settlement. The assessment was based on 11 factors including vegetation, elevation, land use, industry, drainage network, slope, water bodies, road, health services, railway station and population density. The sustainable site suitability was delineated by aggregating all considered factors and their associated MIF weights using the interrelationship between the factors. The results showed that 27.26% of research area was not ideal for settlement development, 16.82% was low suitable, 30.65% was moderately suitable, 16.48% was highly suitable and 8.77% was very highly suitable. Most of the suitable sites were located near the existing habitant area, and major roads. The suitability sites were validated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC), and area under curve (AUC) value of 0.895 indicated that the model was effective. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the distance from road, drainage network, and health services are the dominant for selecting the optimal location of settlement development in research area. The findings of the delineated ideal areas for the intensive urban settlement development will be helpful to planners and policy makers for sustainable urban growth in the near future.
In Europe and in Hungary, there are a large number of built heritage assets. Nowadays castles can be reused as schools, common lodging houses, hospitals or residential buildings. The optimal way to ...reuse them is as museums, hotels and event venues for tourist purposes. The current study aims to present and evaluate the adaptive reuse of castles as hotels and assess the interest of local residents, leaders and castle-owners. The research focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of castle hotels in the life of the settlements. The case studies were conducted in Somogy County, where several castle hotels are located. Interviews and surveys are essential research methods. The research emphasizes the need for co-operation, which is indispensable for reusing the castles as hotels, to satisfy all stakeholders.
The focus of the present study is the sustainability of the settlements in the Lake Velence area, especially Velence and Gardony, which are at the center of pressure by tourism in the area. At the ...beginning of the study, immediately after the introduction of the concepts of sustainability and tourism destination management and the characterization of Lake Velence and its tourism, a comparative assessment of the Integrated Settlement Development Strategies of the cities of Velence and Gárdony is presented. Gárdony’s strategy focuses on the sustainability of the economy and the urban and natural environment, while Velence has a stronger social aspect. The study determined the strengths and weaknesses, which are in line with the results of the indicator-based research presented in the second part of the study that aimed to establish the sustainability ranking of the region. We considered the direction and extent of changes between 2010 and 2018 and compared it with the absolute data series for 2018. Velence and Gárdony are in the middle category in the sustainability rankings, while Velence is among the best in the latter.
Flood risks are dynamically changing over time. Over decades and centuries, the main drivers for flood risk change are influenced either by perturbations or slow alterations in the natural ...environment or, more importantly, by socio-economic development and human interventions. However, changes in the natural and human environment are intertwined. Thus, the analysis of the main drivers for flood risk changes requires a disentangling of the individual risk components. Here, we present a method for isolating the individual effects of selected drivers of change and selected flood risk management options based on a model experiment. In contrast to purely synthetic model experiments, we built our analyses upon a retro-model consisting of several spatio-temporal stages of river morphology and settlement structure. The main advantage of this approach is that the overall long-term dynamics are known and do not have to be assumed. We used this model setup to analyse the temporal evolution of the flood risk, for an ex-post evaluation of the key drivers of change, and for analysing possible alternative pathways for flood risk evolution under different governance settings. We showed that in the study region the construction of lateral levees and the consecutive river incision are the main drivers for decreasing flood risks over the last century. A rebound effect in flood risk can be observed following an increase in settlements since the 1960s. This effect is not as relevant as the river engineering measures, but it will become increasingly relevant in the future with continued socio-economic growth. The presented approach could provide a methodological framework for studying pathways for future flood risk evolvement and for the formulation of narratives for adapting governmental flood risk strategies to the spatio-temporal dynamics in the built environment.
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•A novel approach for disentangling spatio-temporal dynamics in flood risk change•River levees, river incision and urbanization as drivers of flood risk considered•Flood risks markedly change at decadal and centennial time scale.•Construction of levees and consecutive river incision are main drivers.•Rebound effect due to settlement growth after levee construction quantified
The development of residential areas in the context of settlement development is a significant driver regarding land use and thus critical in achieving the goal of reduced new land use to less than ...30 hectares per day by 2030. Although spatial planning and spatial science have been addressing this issue for years, e.g. through consistent land management, the current land use in Germany amounts to around 52 hectares per day (as of 2019). This is i.a. because the control of settlement development often only intervenes in developments that go beyond the own communal development. Approaches to controlling self-development usually remain on a blanket level and thus promote decentralized decisions that, in total, contradict the set goals. The aim of this paper is to present a model for calculating self-development, which not only takes demographic development into account, but also aligns the size of self-development with site-specific requirements to consider the principles of spatial planning and thus promote sustainable spatial development. In its empirical basis, the paper is based on statistical analyses of the respective needs as well as surveys, interviews research results that have been carried out or have arisen within the framework of the BMBFfunded project Interko2.
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•New approach for measuring impact of Building changes on density.•The indicator is sensitive to the extent of existing development and building change.•The calculation is based on 3D ...building data in combination with parcels or grid cells.•Densification processes can be compared with de-densification processes.
In the course of urbanisation, cities are becoming increasingly dense with high local variability. Worldwide, there is a high demand for living space, especially in larger cities, which leads to settlement pressure. It is a declared goal to further densify cities in order to avoid the consumption of ecologically valuable land. But cities that are too densely built also bring negative consequences. Therefore, it is important to understand and describe the densification processes of cities. To better describe settlement densification processes, we have developed a novel indicator that can be used to determine changes in the development density, which is of interest from a planning perspective. The indicator takes into account both the extent of the building change and the existing development. If an area is already intensively developed, a newly constructed building will result in a higher density than if that building were built in a previously undeveloped area. The indicator can also be used to measure deconstruction effects symmetrically, so that densification and de-densification processes can be analysed in parallel. In addition, various spatial entities such as cadastral parcels, grid cells or city districts can be used as reference areas for indicator calculation. In addition to an area-based analysis, we have also taken into account the number of storeys of each building, which allows us for more precise calculations. We tested the indicator in this study using the City of Hamburg as an example. Freely accessible building floor plans and parcels from 2015 and 2020, taken from the Authoritative Real Estate Cadastral Information System (ALKIS) of the City of Hamburg, served as the data basis. Furthermore, we used land use data to examine how various land use classes differ in terms of density development. The results show that extensive densification is often observed on previously built-up land, especially in the city centre, which indicates particularly high settlement pressure. Newly developed residential areas are also densely built up, but comparatively do not contribute to such high building density. On the one hand, this indicates an efficient and thus sparing use of the finite resource of land in the city. On the other hand, it points to increasingly dense development in the city centre.
Cities play a key role in EU regional policy, and to this end the Leipzig Charter called for the development of Integrated Urban Development Strategies (IVS) emphasizing an integrated approach in the ...2007–2013 budget period, which was replaced in the period 2014–2020 by Integrated Settlement Development Strategies (ITS). We can find many experiments in the methodological elaboration of the measurement of regional and municipality development in the Hungarian and international literature. However, due to the complexity of the topic, no more widely accepted procedure has emerged, however, there is a common consensus that development is treated as a complex phenomenon. In the present study, we attempted to examine the development of the city of Gyöngyös through a complex system of indicators for the period 2010–2018. In addition, an important part of our research is to supplement the results obtained with statistical data and, if possible, to compare them to the subjective judgment of the residents. Our main goal was to answer how the changes of the indicator groups in the indicator system and their totality are perceived by the residents.
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