Južni Jadran 1918.: slučaj Albanije Drançolli Ramadani, Albina
Časopis za suvremenu povijest,
07/2022, Letnik:
54, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
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During World War I, the Southern Adriatic, including the Albanian coast, witnessed a series of naval battles between the Allies and the Central Powers. Two pre-war Adriatic powers hastened to occupy ...two of the most important Albanian ports during the war: Italy occupied Vlorë, placing the Otranto Strait under Italian control, and Austria-Hungary occupied Durrës, from where the Central Powers attacked the Allies’ ships in the Mediterranean. Although the Central Powers held a superior position in the Adriatic at the beginning of the war, from 1916 the balance of forces started to change, and in spring 1918 the Allies were in a superior position. Major developments in the war, which was coming to an end, influenced the situation in the Southern Adriatic as well, and therefore the Great Powers became more attentive towards this part of the Balkans. In addition, they organised offensives and counter-offensives, such as those in April, in summer, and in October, the results of which showed the significance of Albanian ports in the war. They revealed the geostrategic importance of Vlorë, the possession or loss of which would change the naval situation in Adriatic. On the other hand, Durrës was not only an Austro-Hungarian naval base during the war, but also became a key port that the Central Powers relied on for supplies after the fall of Bulgaria. Therefore, the naval operation of Entente Powers in Durrës on 2 October 1918 and their victory was a step closer to the collapse of Austria-Hungary. The immediate reaction of Italy was to occupy two important ports in Albania, Durrës and Shëngjin.
Abstract
Background
Precision medicine is a promising approach that has revolutionized disease prevention and individualized treatment. The DELFOS oracle is a model-driven genomics platform that aids ...clinicians in identifying relevant variations that are associated with diseases. In its previous version, the DELFOS oracle did not consider the high degree of variability of genomics data over time. However, changes in genomics data have had a profound impact on clinicians’ work and pose the need for changing past, present, and future clinical actions. Therefore, our objective in this work is to consider changes in genomics data over time in the DELFOS oracle.
Methods
Our objective has been achieved through three steps. First, we studied the characteristics of each database from which the DELFOS oracle extracts data. Second, we characterized which genomics concepts of the conceptual schema that supports the DELFOS oracle change over time. Third, we updated the DELFOS Oracle so that it can manage the temporal dimension. To validate our approach, we carried out a use case to illustrate how the new version of the DELFOS oracle handles the temporal dimension.
Results
Three events can change genomics data, namely, the addition of a new variation, the addition of a new link between a variation and a phenotype, and the update of a link between a variation and a phenotype. These events have been linked to the entities of the conceptual model that are affected by them. Finally, a new version of the DELFOS oracle that can deal with the temporal dimension has been implemented.
Conclusion
Huge amounts of genomics data that is associated with diseases change over time, impacting patients’ diagnosis and treatment. Including this information in the DELFOS oracle added an extra layer of complexity, but using a model-driven based approach mitigated the cost of implementing the needed changes. The new version handles the temporal dimension appropriately and eases clinicians’ work.
On 11 September 1973, the Chilean Chief of the Armed Forces Augusto Pinochet overthrew the Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende and installed a military dictatorship. Yet this is a book not ...of parties or ideologies but public history. It focuses on the memorials and memorialisers at seven sites of torture, extermination, and disappearance in Santiago, engaging with worldwide debates about why and how deeds of violence inflicted by the state on its own citizens should be remembered, and by whom. The sites investigated — including the infamous National Stadium — are among the most iconic of more than 1,000 such sites throughout the country. The study grants a glimpse of the depth of feeling that survivors and the families of the detained-disappeared and the politically executed bring to each of the sites. The book traces their struggle to memorialise each one, and so unfolds their idealism and hope, courage and frustration, their hatred, excitement, resentment, sadness, fear, division and disillusionment. ‘This is a beautifully written book, a sensitive treatment of the issues and lives of those who have faced a great deal of loss, most often as unsung heroes, in what are now recognized as Chilean sites of memory. The book is a testament to people who have not been asked to speak, until Peter Read and Marivic Wyndham ask them to tell their stories. They do not shy away from hard tensions about memorialization, the difficulties of challenging a powerful state and the long and arduous struggles to ensure less powerful voices are heard.’ — Professor Katherine Hite, Frederick Ferris Thompson Chair of Political Science, Vassar College, USA.
Pojava neomerkantilizma može se povezati s pojavom ekonomskog nacionalizma. Neomerkantilističku praksu moglo bi se također povezati i okarakterizirati kao protekcionizam jer dobrim dijelom koristi ...stari merkantilistički instrumentarij. Povijesna su zbivanja u 19. stoljeću dovela do povezivanja trgovinskih politika SAD-a i ondašnje Njemačke te su se počele primjenjivati one protekcionističke prakse koje su primjenjivale stare merkantilističke zemlje. Današnja moderna neoliberalna paradigma u praksi ekonomskih lidera povremeno i po potrebi poseže za merkantilističkim metodama pogotovo kada u globalnu jednadžbu ulaze strateški resursi. Iako su se industrijske zemlje (u početku) razvijale upravo na principima ekonomskog nacionalizma odnosno merkantilizmima, u planovima ekonomskog razvoja za nerazvijene zemlje (uz pomoć / financiranje Svjetske banke, Međunarodnog monetarnog fonda i Svjetske trgovinske organizacije) praktično je nametnuta potpuno tržišno orijentirana neoliberalna paradigma. Stoga je i u definiranju neomerkantilističke doktrine fokus na velikim gospodarstvima odnosno velikim (transnacionalnim) korporacijama koja mogu djelovati na globalne tržišne uvjete. Neomerkantilistička doktrina modernog svijeta zorno podsjeća na izvornu merkantilističku koja inzistira na profitu pod svaku cijenu, a nekadašnji trgovci koji su utjecali na državnu politiku suviše sliče modernim lobistima koji zagovaraju politike ovisno o interesima korporacija koje zastupaju. Neomerkantilistička praksa privilegija je super-sila svijeta, dok se nerazvijene zemlje nalaze u žrvnju između njih. Stoga, čini se da je tzv. politika sile zapečatila razvojne mogućnosti malim i slabi(ji)m zemljama.
At its height in the first half of the seventeenth century, the Dutch West India Company controlled a scattered but sizeable portion of the western hemisphere, from present-day Albany, New York, to ...northeast Brazil. In 1647, the Dutch historian, theologian, and philosopher Caspar van Baerle created a landmark historical narrative, which he published in Latin.
Now, after more than 350 years, the definitive record of the brief period when the Dutch ruled Brazil is available in English for the first time. Included are rare historical descriptions of relations with the native population, the indigenous flora and fauna, the workings of the sugar economy, attitudes toward private property and religious pluralism, global intrigue involving the Spanish and Portuguese, and the development of the slave trade. The original illustrations and maps from van Baerle’s volume--a number of which are reproduced here--were used by Europeans well into the nineteenth century.
This book studies the political role of the Chilean military during the years 1808-1826. Beginning with the fall of the Spanish monarchy to Napoleon in 1808 and ending immediately after the last ...royalist contingents were expelled from the island of Chiloé, it does not seek to give a full picture of the participation of military men on the battlefield but rather to interpret their involvement in local politics. In so doing, this book aims to make a contribution to the understanding of Chile’s revolution of independence, as well as to discuss some of the most recent historiographical contributions on the role of the military in the creation of the Chilean republic. Although the focus is placed on the career and participation of Chilean revolutionary officers, this book also provides an overview of both the role of royalist armies and the influence of international events in Chile.
Aymara Indians are a geographically isolated, indigenous people living in the Andes Mountains near Chile’s Atacama Desert, one of the most arid regions of the world. As rapid economic growth in ...the area has begun to divert scarce water to hydroelectric and agricultural projects, the Aymara struggle to maintain their sustainable and traditional systems of water use, agriculture, and pastoralism.
In Aymara Indian Perspectives on Development in the Andes , Amy Eisenberg provides a detailed exploration of the ethnoecological dimensions of the tension between the Aymara, whose economic, spiritual, and social life are inextricably tied to land and water, and three major challenges: the paving of Chile Highway 11, the diversion of the Altiplano waters of the Río Lauca for irrigation and power-generation, and Chilean national park policies regarding Aymara communities, their natural resources, and cultural properties within Parque Nacional Lauca, the International Biosphere Reserve. 
Pursuing collaborative research, Eisenberg performed ethnographic interviews with Aymara people in more than sixteen Andean villages, some at altitudes of 4,600 meters. Drawing upon botany, agriculture, natural history, physical and cultural geography, history, archaeology and social and environmental impact assessment, she presents deep, multifaceted insights from the Aymara’s point of view.
Illustrated with maps and dramatic photographs by John Amato, Aymara Indian Perspectives on Development provides an account of indigenous perspectives and concerns related to economic development that will be invaluable to scholars and policy-makers in the fields of natural and cultural resource preservation in and beyond Chile.
The authors have been designing a post-installed anchor that fixes itself into concrete material by expanding the anchor tip in an upward direction, and conducted tensile loading tests to confirm its ...fundamental dynamic characteristics. The test results on three types of test specimens, with anchor morphology as a parameter, indicate that the final failure modes were all anchor bar fractures, and a stable yield strength was confirmed. Additionally, the yield strength characteristics of the proposed anchor in cases where cracks are present on the concrete surface, wherein the anchors are fixed, were experimentally confirmed.
Climate changes determined the repeated connections between the Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The landlocked anoxic Black Sea basin was exposed to several transgressions throughout ...Quaternary by the Mediterranean Sea through the Straits of Istanbul (Bosphorus) and by the Caspian Sea through the Manych-Kerch spillway. Sedimentological records of these connections are limited mostly to the marine terrace deposits of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e while the pre-MIS 5e period remains uncertain due to a lack of robust facies and chronological data from deep-sea sedimentary sequences. Here we discuss the imprints of multiple Mediterranean transgressions during Middle Pleistocene in the Black Sea based on facies analysis and the optical age of coastal carbonate aeolianites. Contrary to today's hydro-climate of the Black Sea, the aeolianites bear witness to the transformation of the Black Sea into a warm inland sea during successive Mediterranean invasions. Prior to the onset of aeolian deposition, paleosols were formed on the Eocene-aged hardened sandy silts, suggesting strongly washed soil. This is evidenced by no calcium carbonate and a high Rb/Sr ratio, with quartz amounting to of 99.8%. According to our OSL ages, carbonates deposited on the shelf plain under higher temperature and increased evaporation conditions in MIS 15 and the later interglacial phases were transported to the coastal sand dunes during the transitional phases of MIS 15–14, MIS 13–12, MIS 11–10 and MIS 9–8. We suggest that the carbonate-rich and ooid-containing aeolianites were repeatedly formed in the multiple Mediterranean transgression stages, beginning with an increasingly severe dry phase following the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal.
•The aeolianite is a robust record for Mediterranean transgressions of the Black Sea.•The ooid-rich aeolianites was repeatedly formed in multiple transgression stages.•The aeolianites bear witness to the transformation of the Black Sea into a warmer sea.
Abstract
The diffuse and renewed use of silver as antimicrobial agent has caused the development of resistance to silver ions in some bacterial strains, posing a serious threat for health systems. In ...order to cast light on the mechanistic features of resistance, here, we aimed to understand how silver interacts with the periplasmic metal-binding protein SilE which is engaged in bacterial silver detoxification. This aim was addressed by studying two peptide portions of SilE sequence (SP2 and SP3) that contain the putative motifs involved in Ag+ binding. We demonstrate that SP2 model peptide is involved in silver binding through its histidine and methionine residues in the two HXXM binding sites. In particular, the first binding site is supposed to bind the Ag+ ion in a linear fashion, while the second binding site complexes the silver ion in a distorted trigonal planar fashion. We propose a model where the SP2 peptide binds two silver ions when the concentration ratio Ag+/SP2 is ≥10.0. We also suggest that the two binding sites of SP2 have different affinity for silver. This evidence comes from the change in the path direction of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) cross-peaks upon the addition of Ag+. Here, we report the conformational changes of SilE model peptides occurring upon silver binding, monitored at a deep level of molecular details. This was addressed by a multifaceted approach, combining NMR, circular dichroism, and mass spectrometry experiments.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Model peptides of the silver-binding periplasmic protein SilE and their interaction with Ag+ investigated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry.
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