The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the knowledge in the field of marketing of medical devices in the public sector. The research problem is based on verifying the correlations between the ...elements of the 4P marketing mix, after-sales activities and their influence on the preparation of tender documentation in the marketing of medical devices to social welfare institutions. In the process of marketing products through public procurement, the same attention is devoted to the after-sales activities as marketing mix elements (4P). We created a marketing mix model for the marketing of medical devices through public procurement.
The article describes the experiences of social workers in Poland supporting refugees from Ukraine who came to Poland after the outbreak of the war in February 2022. Social work is a profession that ...supports vulnerable people in need, including those experiencing war. A social worker is a professional who "can help translate policy into workable projects, help design and evaluate direct services and projects, and work towards community capacity building".The influx of refugees from the Ukraine war has created unprecedented challenges for social workers. This research was conducted between 6 and 20 July 2022 using the computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) technique in six voivodships in Poland among social workers employed in local social welfare institutions where most war refugees were given shelter. Most respondents were satisfied with the help provided to refugees in their municipalities. Grassroots initiatives for refugees were particularly appreciated. Most social welfare institutions for refugees from Ukraine offered social counselling as well as material and financial assistance. Integration and social activation services were provided much less frequently. The research shows the scope of cross-sectoral cooperation. The key partners helping refugees from Ukraine, in addition to schools, were ordinary citizens, creating various informal insurance groups.
The author has made an attempt to analyze the current stage in the devel- opment of an inclusive process in the domestic education. We considered the specifics of the Russian development model of the ...inclusion in education; defined levels of socio-psychological of actuation process as follows: 1) the system; 2) or- ganizational; 3) group; 4) individual; noted the basic tendencies and contradictions of the transition from policy-making to practical implementation. The paper also covered an issue of the dynamics of the inclusion process in children with disabilities throughout the country. We choose Federal State Primary Education Standard for students with disabilities as a reference point of the inclusion process development. Author is deeply convinced that idea of inclusive education is deeply social. Social efficiency depends not only on the development of systems additional, general, and vocational education, but also on the acceptance and understanding of the inclusion idea by the professional community, and this will keep the link between the basic requirements of education policy and the possibility of practical implementation.
Предпринята попытка проанализировать современный этап в развитии инклюзивного процесса в отечественном образовании. Автор исходит из идеи о том, что наше образование будет инклюзивным только в том случае, если идея инклюзии будет осмыслена и принята учителем и станет характеристикой образовательного процесса школы. Рассматривается специфика российской модели развития идеи инклюзии в образовании, определены уровни социально-психологических изменений процесса включения: 1) системный; 2) организационный; 3) групповой; 4) индивидуальный. Отмечены основные тенденции и противоречия перехода от политических решений к их практической реализации. В работе также освещается вопрос динамики процесса включения детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в регионах страны. В качестве важнейшего ориентира в развитии процесса инклюзии выбран Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт начального общего образования обучающихся с ограниченными возможностями здоровья. Проведенный автром анализ приводит к мысли о том, что идея инклюзивного образования глубоко социальна, условия социальной эффективности инклюзивного процесса заключаются не только в развитии системы дополнительного, общего и профессионального образования, но и в принятии и осмыслении самой идеи инклюзии профессиональным сообществом практиков, что позволит сохранять связь между основными требованиями образовательной политики и возможностью реализации их в практике.
By focusing on the development of residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFEs) in China’s capital city of Beijing between the 1950s and 2010s, this study examines the policy orientation and ...local consequences of the 1980s’ marketisation of China’s social welfare system. The data include 362 RCFEs’ GIS data and programme information. Multi-disciplinary issues pertaining to social, policy, urban planning and statutory aspects were also examined. The results showed that, within the broader context of rapid population ageing in China, the growth of residential care in Beijing has shifted from a central-planned pattern to a market-dominated expansion that features a neo-liberalist style of development. Due to the government’s weak role in its new partnership with the private sector, which is reflected by the absence of master planning of and weak legislation for private developments, the trend of RCFE growth in Beijing demonstrates an avoidance of unfavourable market areas, such as the inner urban areas (with a very large elderly population) and the rural areas, and a movement towards the suburbanisation and development of higher-end and over-sized residential care facilities. This is discordant with the government’s newly defined role, which is to retreat from centralised control and advance towards regulating and guiding residential care developments for the elderly population. The study therefore suggests that more ideological policies, regulations and master planning processes are needed to establish supportive residential care facilities, so as to further strengthen the reform of social welfare services and move towards equalising the local provision of residential care beds in the future.
개혁개방 이후 중국 장애인복지정책의 전개과정과 과제 정인선; Inseon Jeong; 원석조 ...
국정관리연구,
08/2015, Letnik:
10, Številka:
2
Journal Article
본고는 개혁개방 이후 전개된 중국 장애인복지정책의 실태와 과제를 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 중국의 장애유형과 장애등급, 장애인보장법, 장애인사업발전요강, 장애인복지시설, 사회복리기업 등 장애인복지 관련법과 제도 및 실태를 분석했다. 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국의 요보호 장애아동은 거의 모두 사회복지시설에 수용·보호되어 있고, ...일반가정 장애아동의 대부분은 가족의 보호 아래 있다. 이는 중국 장애인복지가 후진적 상태에 있음을 보여준다. 둘째, 중국정부는 2000년대 들어 장애인보장법을 보완·개정하고, 장애인복지시설의 표준을 규정한 법령을 제정했으며, 장애인복지발전종합계획을 수립하는 등 장애인복지 향상에 매우 전향적인 의지를 보이고 있다. 셋째, 하지만 중국의 장애인복지는 장애인복지시설의 절대적 부족, 일반가정 장애아를 위한 시설의 미비, 사회복리원의 비효과적 운영, 사회복리기업의 후퇴, 장애인단체의 관변단체화 등 구조적인 문제들을 안고 있다. 현재 중국장애인복지수준을 한마디로 표현하면 외화내빈이다. 장애인보장법과 장애인사업발전요강에는 장애인을 위한 수많은 프로그램들이 나열되어 있지만 장애인을 위해 반드시 필요한 기본시설마저 갖추고 있지 못한 데서 보듯이 실질적인 내용은 빈약하다. 규범과 현실 간의 간격을 줄이는 것이 중국 장애인복지정책의 최대과제이다.
This paper aims at reviewing the current conditions and its issues of Chinese social welfare for the disabled since open policy. For the purpose, the types and grade of the disabled, the social welfare law for the disabled, the national plan toward developing social services for the disabled, and the social welfare enterprises for the disabled were analysed. The results are as follows; First, almost all disabled children who have no parents are living in the social welfare institutions, and most disabled children who have parents are cared in their own homes. This means that the Chinese social welfare system for the disabled is underdeveloped. Second, the Chinese government is showing very progressive will for developing the social welfare system for the disabled since 2000s, such as amending and complementing the social welfare law for the disabled, enacting the standard norms of the social welfare institutions for the disabled, and establishing the national plan toward developing social services for the disabled. Third, however, the Chinese social welfare system for the disabled has some structural problems such as lack of social welfare institutions for the disabled, deficiency of social welfare institutions for the disabled who is cared at home, uneffective management of social welfare institutions, hard conditions of social welfare enterprises for the disabled, and too much government-friendly NGOs for the disabled.
This research examines social technology transfer by taking into account the role of cultural context – the interplay between geography, maritime trade, role of the state and foreign intercourse. The ...southern port city of Canton, China is the focus, and provides a case study to examine why Western merchants and missionaries came to this particular location to transfer various social technologies, i.e. hospitals, insane asylums, schools, colleges and homes for the blind. The relevance of these institutions to the development of China's social welfare is considered in terms of Canton's shifting welfare mix. Implications of this case study are considered relevant to critical understanding of international social welfare from an East–West perspective.
In Russia today, more than ever, various social welfare institutions (Centers for social services, Social assistance centers for families and children, Rehabilitation centers for disabled children ...and their families, Centers for work with refugees and IDPs, Centers of medico-social rehabilitation of military men, etc.) require legal profile specialists, who are characterized by high professional culture and capable of effective advocacy. The article considers peculiarities of the lawyer's professional activity in social welfare institutions. It describes structural components, levels of formedness of the lawyer's professional readiness to work in social service. Didactic characteristics of the process of forming future lawyers' professional readiness to work in various types of social welfare institutions is given, and conditions providing efficiency of this process are experimentally proven.
Među najvažnije promjene koje su se dogodile u sustavu socijalne skrbi u petogodišnjem razdoblju 2000. – 2004. godine valja ponajprije uvrstiti strukturne promjene na tržištu socijalnih usluga ...institucijskog tipa. Višegodišnja asimetrija između ponude i potražnje, koja se očitovala u izrazitom nedostatku smještajnih mjesta i snažno naglašeni interes nedržavnih subjekata imali su za posljedicu osnivanje i puštanje u rad 73 nova nedržavna doma, od čega 47 za starije i nemoćne osobe. Činjenica, da su osnivači i vlasnici 37 domova socijalne skrbi za starije i nemoćne osobe, fizičke osobe (privatnici) govori o prilično razvijenom svojevrsnom neovisnom poduzetništvu u socijalnoj skrbi. Državnu materijalnu socijalnu pomoć primalo je u Hrvatskoj krajem 2004. godine 257.335 osoba ili 5,8 % stanovnika. Istodobno je ispod praga rizika od siromaštva živjelo 741.056 osoba ili 16,7 % stanovnika. To znači da je državnu socijalnu pomoć dobivalo 34,7 % osoba, čija su novčana i naturalna primanja bila niža od praga rizika od siromaštva. Osnovano se može pretpostaviti da bi državnu socijalnu pomoć trebalo osigurati širem krugu korisnika. Međutim, mora se ukazati i na prijeku potrebu veće uloge jedinica lokalne i područne samouprave, organizacija civilnog društva i drugih pružatelja socijalne pomoći. U 2004. godini utrošeno je za socijalnu skrb, putem Ministarstva zdravstva i socijalne skrbi, ukupno 2.219.109.787 kuna ili 1,07% BDP-a, od čega najviše na pomoći (potpore) i naknade – 1.480.357.446 kuna. Time je zastupljenost ovih pomoći u BDP-u porasla s 0,59% u 2000. na 0,71% u 2004. godini. To je odraz strukturnih promjena u državnim izdatcima za socijalnu skrb, nastalih u prvom redu zbog porasta broja korisnika socijalnih potpora i izvršenog prijenosa određenih funkcija socijalne skrbi s državne razine na županije. Iznos prosječne mjesečne pomoći za uzdržavanje po korisniku predstavlja 38% mjesečnog iznosa praga rizika od siromaštva koji uključuje novčana i naturalna primanja. Efektivni je disparitet nešto manji, jer jedan dio korisnika pomoći za uzdržavanje ostvaruje uz tu pomoć i druge dohotke u dopuštenim okvirima i / ili druge socijalne potpore. Općenito uzevši, državna socijalna pomoć zajedno s inim socijalnim potporama, koje osiguravaju drugi subjekti, uz vlastite dohotke korisnika i obiteljsku solidarnost, morala bi osigurati podmirenje egzistencijskog minimuma. Ipak, povrh svega ostaje nepobitna činjenica da doličan porast socijalne sigurnosti ima svoje ishodište u gospodarskom razvitku. To je, dakle, temeljna odredbenica cjelokupnog, pa tako i budućeg socijalnog razvoja.
Title wol.: Success in human resources management. Diversity in human capital management - approaches, methods, tools. Management and psychological problems
Tytuł wol.: Sukces w zarządzaniu kadrami. ...Różnorodność w zarządzaniu kapitałem ludzkim – podejścia, metody, narzędzia. Problemy zarządczo-psychologiczne
Social assistance in order to fulfill its function, which is to enable people to overcome difficult life situations and ensure a dignified existence, should have an appropriate organizational ...structure. To this end, social welfare institutions are created providing both ad hoc and round-the-clock care. The aim of this article is to indicate the most important directions of change that have taken place in the institutional social welfare system in recent years. The data analyzed come from the annual reports of MPiPS on social welfare benefits (MPiPS-03) for the period 2006-2013. On their basis, it can be concluded that social assistance in the institutional field is becoming more and more extensive, and in its structure there are more and more frequent municipal units conducted by nonpublic entities.
Pomoc społeczna, by pełniła swoją funkcję, jaką jest umożliwienie przezwyciężania obywatelom trudnych sytuacji życiowych oraz zapewnienie godnej egzystencji, powinna mieć odpowiednią strukturę organizacyjną. W tym celu tworzone są instytucje pomocy społecznej świadczące opiekę zarówno doraźną, jak i całodobową. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie najważniejszych kierunków zmian, jakie zaszły w instytucjonalnym systemie pomocy społecznej w ostatnich latach. Analizowane dane pochodzą ze sprawozdań rocznych MPiPS z udzielonych świadczeń pomocy społecznej (MPiPS-03) za lata 2006-2013. Na ich podstawie można stwierdzić, iż pomoc społeczna w zakresie instytucjonalnym przybiera coraz bardziej rozbudowany charakter, a w jej strukturze coraz częściej występują jednostki gminne prowadzone przez podmioty niepubliczne.
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