Mass media represents social expectations for personal behavior and creates models and images to follow. the ideal image of the woman’s body and the impact of this image on adolescent girls’ ...perception of their own bodies has been analized in this paper. According to the theory of self-evaluation the perception of one’s own body depends on three interacting images: publicly demonstrated body ideal, objective evaluation of one’s own body and internalized body ideal. the publicly demonstrated body ideal has been revealed by analyzing women’s body images presented in pictures of most popular among adlencent girls’ magazines. Adolescent girls’ survey has helped to reveal objective mesures of girls’ bodies (body weight idex), and girls’ subjective perceptions of their own bodies Most of the analyzed pictures contained images fitting with anorexia nervosa body types. The survey revealed inconsistencies between objective body mesures and subjective body perceptions. Adolescents tended to percieve their bodies having bigger sizes then they realy were. Small body weight index girls tended to stay slim, or become even slimmer, and normal body weight index girls tended to become slimmer. It can be asumed that disatisfaction with bodies is provoked by internalized ideal of a very slim woman’s body. One third of girls admitted that their opinions towards their own bodies were negatively changing while observing slim models in magazines. The ideal of women’s body presented in magazines can be assumed as a risk factor for eating disorders in the process of socialization.
Prispevek predstavlja nadaljevanje clanka o predhodni izbiri poklica, v njem pa so opisane dileme in priloznosti procesa poklicne socializacije oziroma procesa uvajanja posameznika v delo, v novo ...delovno okolje. V procesu poklicne socializacije posameznika je opisanih pet stopenj in hkrati pet razvojnih nalog, navedeni so konkretni primeri tezav, na katere so naleteli novozaposleni. Pri vsaki razvojni nalogi so izlocene tiste izobrazevalne vsebine, ki bi posamezniku in organizaciji pomagale utrditi posamicno razvojno nalogo in iz nje pridobiti optima/en rezultat. Prispevek tudi skusa doloCiti nosilca posameznih izobrazevalnih procesov, bodisi :Solski sistem ali sluzbe za izobrazevanje v podjetjih. V prispevku je opozorjeno tudi na mozne negativne rezultate procesov poklicne socializacije, do katerih nujno pride, ce prezremo vlogo izobrazevanja in usposabljanja v obdobju poklicne socializacije.
Na podlagi mednarodne raziskave (Možina, 2000) o funkcionalni pismenosti iz leta 1998 je možno sklepati, da je funkcionalna nepismenost Slovencev zaskrbljujoča. Raziskava je pokazala, da zgolj trije ...odstotki ljudi dosegajo 4. in 5. raven pri besedilni pismenosti, pet odstotkov jih to dosega pri dokumentacijski in slabih 10 odstotkov pri računski pismenosti. Minimalno raven, ki omogoča delovanje v sodobni tehnološki družbi, dosega še nadaljnjih 20 odstotkov, kar pomeni, da je 70 odstotkov slovenskega prebivalstva nezmožnega, da bi se primerno odzivalo na razmere okolja in samostojno reševalo probleme na osnovi razumevanja osnovnih vsakodnevnih življenjskih situacij. Nekateri pokazatelji funkcionalne nepismenosti ljudi se pojavijo npr. pri razumevanju voznega reda, tvorjenju krajših ali daljših besedil (dopisi, pisma, prošnje, sporočila), upoštevanju navodil ali branju lekarniških pojasnil, razumevanju svojih bolezni, odločanju o načinu zdravljenja, uporabi medijev, sodobne tehnologije itd. Reševanje problema funkcionalne nepismenosti se dotika dviga ravni splošne izobrazbe, socializacije posameznika in širjenja socialne mreže, kar omogoča posamezniku socialno in akcijsko kompetenco, po drugi strani pa sledi trendom v novih oblikah dela in preživetja pod vplivom globalizacije, ki terja od posameznika vseživljenjsko izobraževanje in dvigovanje dodane vrednosti delovnega mesta. Funkcionalno nepismene osebe so zaostale v osebnostnem razvoju in niso sposobne, da prevzamejo odgovornost za svoje vseživljenjsko izobraževanje. Zato se same ne morejo izkopati iz stanja, v katerem je njihov razvoj obstal.
Within this article we emphasize children's social-moral behavior as the basis of their socialization expression. The diagnostic research has shown some behavioral peculiarities on the level of ...internalized values of those primary school children, who have experienced the loss in the family. At the most of the times the identification processes for the grieving children are laden, and they are often linked to internalize
those values that are not acceptable or preferable to the society they are living in. Also we have identified that most of the socialization researches do not pay much of attention to the grieving children's situation. Thus we tried to reveal some behavioral
peculiarities of the grieving primary school children towards their gender and experienced loss. The data of the research has shown that girls, who have experienced loss in the family, could be characterized as less respectful to others, peaceful, sensible, and self-controlled than other girls or boys of the same age. Besides among the boys, who have faced the loss of a loving one, such the internalized values as sharing with others, initiation, and self-sufficiency are non-predominant. It was stated that grieving children's social-moral behavior according to some internalized values are less stable than those, who did not experience the loss. As the matter of fact, the research data has shown that the loss experience in the family affects children's social-moral behavior and their further relations with others (the meaningful statistic disparities were set as well).
The article explores models of socialisation and gender identity at different stages of life-course and in different historical periods. Considerations are based on biographical approach and use data ...of the biographical contest “Story of My Life”. During the process of socialisation gender identity is institutionally transmitted to individuals as a pattem of social behaviour. Gender identity embodies its own ideology and strategies of interpersonal interactions, where personal biography is a narrative about these interactions shaped by gender. Socialisation evolves as a constant interaction between author and his/her social milieu shaping identity of a person. Each member of society is involved in the process, but their age and in some respect the historical circumstances differently sets their status of a subject or an object of socialisation. Time (in this case a time period when individual was born and was more intensively engaged in socialisation) is a feature of modern bio graphy (a concept of V. Kavolis) and it allows to identify different worldviews of narrating individuals. Time demarcates traditional and modern worldviews and deterrnines reflexivity of the author. Nevertheless, analysing the collected biographies it is hard to differentiate pure traditional or pure modern ones. To be more precise, the features of modern biographies are usually incorporated into traditional-epic narratives of life stories. On the one hand the relationship of traditional/modem can be understood as a constituent of the narrative, on the other hand it is a representation of the modern worldview in reflexive narration. The traditional framework of narrative contains definite models of gender identities. Traditional duality differentiation of gender roles and structure of patriarchal opposition - is presented as social reality in biographical narratives. The differentiation is imperative and is a warrant of social order and gender identity. But several narratives about the self neglect such manifest differentiation of gender roles. Main distinction of feminine or masculine biographies is based on different perception of self-estimation and social integration.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami lyties socializacijos modeliai, lyties identifikacija skirtingų brandos tarpsnių ir laikotarpių kontekste. Analizė atliekama biografinės metodologijos rėmuose, remiantis biografijų konkurso-tyrimo „Mano gyvenimo istorija “ duomenimis. Lyties pagrindu struktūruotos socialinės veiklos šablonai, kaip lyties identitetas, socializacijos metu instituciškai perduodami individams. Šiam identitetui būdinga savita ideologija bei veiklos ir tarpasmeninės sąveikos strategijos. Pati biografija yra šios sąveikos istorija. Socializacija skleidžiasi kaip nuolatinis sąveikos procesas tarp autoriaus bei jo aplinkos. Jo metu formuojasi asmens tapatybė. Visi sociumo atstovai yra įtraukti į socializacijos procesą, kur priklausomai nuo jų amžiaus, o iš dalies ir nuo laikotarpio, jie skirtingu laipsniu yra šio proceso objektai ir/ar subjektai. Čia laikas nubrėžia ribą tarp tradicinės/moderniosios pasaulėžiūros ir lemia autoriaus savivokos lygį.
Kartų sąsajos Lietuvos atgimime Šerpetis, Kęstutis
Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas,
04/1997, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article analyzes the intergenerational relations in the formation of the Lithuanian state. The author claims that the paradox of Singing Revolution is that the activists of the movement were not ...from the younger generations. Rather, youth played a limited role not only in the revolutionary movements but also in the later political life. The author attempts to understand the orientations of behaviour through an analysis of the processes of socialization.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kartų sąveika Lietuvos valstybės atkūrime. Galbūt didžiausias "dainuojančiosios revoliucijos" paradoksas yra tas, kad ją inicijavo bei vadovavo, aktyviausiai plėtojo ir rėmė ne tiek jaunimas, kiek (ir dažniausiai) pagyvenę, t.y. jau praėję aktyviausią savo gyvenimo fazę, žmonės, kurių nuostatos ir požiūriai į socialinę ir istorinę tikrovę, atrodytų, jau susiklostę ir nusistovėję. Jaunimo dalyvavimas apsiribojo iš esmės pasyviu pritarimu ir susilaikančiu abejingumu vėlesniems politiniams sutrikimams ir lūžiams Lietuvoje. Tokia elgesio orientacija - nėra atsitiktinumas, nukrypimas ar sociumo raidos anomalija, bet simptomas, sąlygotas ankstesnių laikotarpių mūsų visuomenėje susiklosčiusios skirtingų kartų socializacijos ypatybių.
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Since the path-breaking work of Karl Deutsch on security communities and Ernst Haas on European integration, it has been clear that international institutions may create senses of community and ...belonging beyond the nation state. Put differently, they can socialize. Yet the mechanisms underlying such dynamics have been unclear. This volume explores these mechanisms of international community building, from a resolutely eclectic stand point. Rationalism is thus the social theory of choice for some contributors, while others are more comfortable with social constructivism. This problem-driven perspective and the theoretical bridge building it are the cutting edge in international relations theory. By providing more fined-grained arguments on precisely how international institutions matter, such an approach sheds crucial light on the complex relationship between states and institutions, between rational choice and social constructivism, and, in our case, between Europe and the nation state.
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