Land use (LU) policies exert a profound influence on socio-economic dynamics. However, the intricate relationship between these two aspects has yet to receive comprehensive examination, especially ...when focusing on specific LU types and smaller-scale geographical regions. We, therefore, elucidate the complex interplay between economic development, urbanization levels, and LU changes, drawing from extensive datasets concerning LU and economic activities in Shaanxi, China. This region holds particular significance as it represents an emerging economy with a strategic role in the national economic landscape. The LU change was assessed by two indicators, comprehensive index of land use degree (CILUD) and single land use dynamic degree (SLUDD). Three findings were yielded. First, the rapid progress in socio-economic indicators is significantly underpinned by environmentally sustainable economic development practices, thereby underscoring the potential resolution of the perennial dilemma between economic growth and environmental conservation. Second, the tension between the conversion of arable land and the process of urbanization, which stimulates regional economic growth, poses a considerable challenge to maintaining sustainable agriculture and ensuring future food security. Third, the reserved land area should not be occupied without constrains for inland regions. We consequently propose suggestions aimed at addressing these dilemmas by constructing environment-friendly economy, halting urbanization expansion by increasing LU density, halting the occupation of reserved land, and increasing cropping efficiency. Together, these strategies potentially do not only advance progress towards the Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals but also greatly boost the regional economy.
In this book, Vladimir Gel’man considers bad governance as a distinctive politico-economic order that is based on a set of formal and informal rules, norms, and practices quite different from those ...of good governance. Some countries are governed badly intentionally because the political leaders of these countries establish and maintain rules, norms, and practices that serve their own self-interests. Gel’man considers bad governance as a primarily agency-driven rather than structure-induced phenomenon. He addresses the issue of causes and mechanisms of bad governance in Russia and beyond from a different scholarly optics, which is based on a more general rationale of state-building, political regime dynamics, and policy-making. He argues that although these days, bad governance is almost universally perceived as an anomaly, at least in developed countries, in fact human history is largely a history of ineffective and corrupt governments, while the rule of law and decent state regulatory quality are relatively recent matters of modern history, when they emerged as side effects of state-building. Indeed, the picture is quite the opposite: bad governance is the norm, while good governance is an exception. The problem is that most rulers, especially if their time horizons are short and the external constraints on their behavior are not especially binding, tend to govern their domains in a predatory way because of the prevalence of short-term over long-term incentives. Contemporary Russia may be considered as a prime example of this phenomenon. Using an analysis of case studies of political and policy changes in Russia after the Soviet collapse, Gel’man discusses the logic of building and maintenance of politico-economic order of bad governance in Russia and paths of its possible transformation in a theoretical and comparative perspective.
Background
A comprehensive understanding of the contextual factors that are linked to student engagement requires research that includes cross‐cultural perspectives.
Aims
This study investigated how ...student engagement in school is associated with grade, gender, and contextual factors across 12 countries. It also investigated whether these associations vary across countries with different levels of individualism and socio‐economic development.
Samples
The participants were 3,420 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students from Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Methods
The participants completed a questionnaire to report their engagement in school, the instructional practices they experienced, and the support they received from teachers, peers, and parents. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to examine the effects at both student and country levels.
Results
The results across countries revealed a decline in student engagement from Grade 7 to Grade 9, with girls reporting higher engagement than boys. These trends did not vary across the 12 countries according to the Human Development Index and Hofstede's Individualism Index. Most of the contextual factors (instructional practices, teacher support, and parent support) were positively associated with student engagement. With the exception that parent support had a stronger association with student engagement in countries with higher collectivism, most of the associations between the contextual factors and student engagement did not vary across countries.
Conclusions
The results indicate both cultural universality and specificity regarding contextual factors associated with student engagement in school. They illustrate the advantages of integrating etic and emic approaches in cross‐cultural investigations.
With time, the use of Information and communication technology (ICT) tools has gained immense awareness in many sectors. ICT plays an imperative role in enhancing socio-economic development and ...sustainability in the fishery sector. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the two significant benefits of ICT in the fishing industry: (i) socio-economic development and (ii) sustainability. The paper intends to highlight the benefits of using ICT in fisheries for sustainability in the long-run and enhanced socio-economic conditions of fishers. The present research work has used the bibliometric visualization tool VOSviewer to identify yearly publications, most cited papers and journals, outstanding authors, and important countries and institutions. We have used the Scopus database to extract the data for bibliometric visualization utilizing an array of relevant keywords. Following are the research questions: (i) What are the prominent documents, authors, countries, sources, organizations, and keywords in the area of ICT for sustainability and socio-economic development in the fisheries?, (ii) What are the linkages based on co-authorship, co-occurrence and citation in the area of ICT for sustainability and socio-economic development in the fisheries? (iii) What is the existing classification of the literature on ICT for sustainability and socio-economic development in the fisheries, and what is the future research agenda based on it? The paper presents a comprehensive review of ICT usage for sustainability and socio-economic development in fisheries. It analyzes the existing research in terms of most cited publications, authors, journals, countries, and institutions. Four research streams are identified, and based on them, twelve future research propositions and a future research framework are proposed. The study can be used as a foundation work by the government, policy developers, and researchers to investigate the benefits of ICT in fisheries. The application of ICTs in fisheries will enhance their profitability and minimize resources wastage, strengthening fishermen’s income, and standard of living. The paper comprehensively presents the use of ICT in fisheries for sustainability and socio-economic development. Along with it, the paper proposes future research agenda for upcoming researchers.
Extant research has focused on the role of philanthropy in the socio-economic development of western countries, but little is known about the role of indigenous voluntary organisations in bridging ...social divides in the developing world. To help redress this imbalance, we present findings on the motivations, strategies, methods, and impact of five large philanthropically funded voluntary organizations in Pakistan. We ask how and why such organizations are formed and gain traction to provide valuable services for large numbers of poor people in a society riddled with inequalities. Although differing considerably in their relations to markets and philanthropy, we find that success in all cases followed from commitment to Islamic philanthropy and the ideal of social inclusion, social innovation, exploitation of social capital, and scaling-up. Our contribution is to demonstrate how in developing countries philanthropy and social entrepreneurship together can play a decisive role in realizing a more just society.
The success and development of each nation are based on the tenets which are cherished by its populace. This is partly expressed in the way they subscribe to their religious and socio-cultural ...values, which in turn promote social economic development. This article examined the role of the Roman Catholic Church in fostering the well-being of people in Meru County in Kenya. The research was guided by the following question: What role has the Roman Catholic Church played in the social economic development of the people in Meru County? Two theories, namely the Hybrid Quasi Theory and the Complementary Theory were employed to contextualize the research findings. The purposive sampling technique was utilized to select thirty participants who participated in the study. Questionnaires containing both open and closed-ended items were administered to the clergy from the thirty sampled parishes of the Roman Catholic Church in Meru County. The findings revealed that the church has partnered with the national and county governments to transform the Ameru people’s lives. This study highlighted the need for both the government and non-governmental development agencies to frequently consult with the church in advancing development. This study will benefit the people of Meru, the Roman Catholic Church and other churches, academicians and in particular scholars of religion and persons in social and economic positions of decisive influence. The study further creates an awareness to the ordinary populace of Meru County that the church not only enhances their spiritual well-being but also acts as an agent of social, economic and political development.
Keywords: Religion, Development, Socio-Economic Development, Parish, The Roman Catholic Church.
The article discusses the main distinguishing features between transnational companies and other foreign companies. The aim of the article is to assess the degree of transnationalization of the ...market and the activities of the leading TNCs in Ukraine. The article uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization and comparison. The authors analyzed the rating of the largest companies in Ukraine for 2020 with the allocation of Ukrainian branches of world TNCs. Among the transnational corporations that occupy a leading position in the world, only 15 operate in Ukraine. The positions of these TNCs in the «Global 500» rating were determined. The leading Ukrainian companies are companies in such economic sectors as energy and metallurgy, the role of the agro-industrial complex and companies of IT is increasing. ISSN 2664-245Х № 4 (98) 2021 99 A distribution of branches of multinational world corporations among the 200 leading enterprises of Ukraine in terms of income was made. Sectoral analysis of the largest enterprises in Ukraine points to their raw materials, which means that the potential for production and innovation is not exploited. The prospects for the transnationalization of the Ukrainian economy are the strengthening of social responsibility of TNCs, their innovation and investment activity, the creation of new jobs to solve the social problems of the country. Transnationalization is one of the potential ways for social and economic development of Ukraine, which provides an opportunity to create new investment incentives, increase the competitiveness of the country and improve the level and quality of life of the population.
In the article we analyze strategic planning documents on the Russian Far East socio-economic development. The study is based on a combination of quantitative methods (e. g. regression and ...correlation analysis, modeling, average method, index method, difference of differences method, factor analysis) and qualitative methods (document analysis, case study, best practice identification, classification method, SWOT analysis). We proposed an index of socio-economic development and revealed that the activation of the regulation have a multiplier effect in a generally positive impact on the Far Eastern regions development. Forecasting showed that in the medium term, the scenario of moderate growth can be considered the most likely. We developed some proposals to improve the strategic planning documents efficiency. In particular, “point” tools should be integrated to ensure a complex planning. Each planning document should provide for the possibility of statistical evaluation. It is necessary to justify the introduction of new strategic priorities, and monitoring should be carried out not only during the implementation of the document (in actu ), but also after its completion ( ex post).
The Brazilian native vegetation supports essential ecosystem services and biodiversity for the global society, while land use competition may intensify around the increasing needs for food, fibre and ...bioenergy. The Brazilian Forest Act of 2012 amplified a market-based mechanism for offsetting native vegetation deficits in private farmlands. This mechanism enables a large-scale trading system allowing landholders to offset their own deficits of native vegetation by purchasing certificates associated with a surplus of native vegetation from other landholders. This mechanism is an alternative for the more expensive restoration of native vegetation on own land. The launching of the mechanism now depends on specific regulations at state level, which may include geographical restrictions for offsetting deficits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects in nature protection and socio-economic development of different offsetting implementation alternatives. Our findings suggest that in a business-as-usual scenario the offsetting mechanism may have little or no additional effects on protection of native vegetation, because most of the offsetting is likely to take place where native vegetation is already protected by prevailing legislations. We concluded that it is possible to maximise environmental and socio-economic returns from the offsetting mechanism without undermining productive land. This would be possible if regulations ensure additionality in nature protection while enabling a self-sustaining mechanism for income generation for small-scale family farmers in the poorest region of Brazil, protecting biodiversity and counteracting major trade-offs between ecosystem services.
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