As early-twentieth-century Chicago swelled with an influx of at least 250,000 new black urban migrants, the city became a center of consumer capitalism, flourishing with professional sports, beauty ...shops, film production companies, recording studios, and other black cultural and communal institutions. Davarian Baldwin argues that this mass consumer marketplace generated a vibrant intellectual life and planted seeds of political dissent against the dehumanizing effects of white capitalism. Pushing the traditional boundaries of the Harlem Renaissance to new frontiers, Baldwin identifies a fresh model of urban culture rich with politics, ingenuity, and entrepreneurship.Baldwin explores an abundant archive of cultural formations where an array of white observers, black cultural producers, critics, activists, reformers, and black migrant consumers converged in what he terms a "marketplace intellectual life." Here the thoughts and lives of Madam C. J. Walker, Oscar Micheaux, Andrew "Rube" Foster, Elder Lucy Smith, Jack Johnson, and Thomas Dorsey emerge as individual expressions of a much wider spectrum of black political and intellectual possibilities. By placing consumer-based amusements alongside the more formal arenas of church and academe, Baldwin suggests important new directions for both the historical study and the constructive future of ideas and politics in American life.
Nós geralmente defendemos a intuição de que a moralidade é uma questão de mérito, ou seja, nós não deveríamos considerar a sorte (fatores que os agentes não controlam) na hora de atribuirmos ...responsabilidade, censura ou elogio. Entretanto, um fenômeno chamado “sorte moral” nos mostra que a sorte pode ser praticamente onipresente em nossos assuntos morais, ameaçando o mérito e apresentando um problema em nossas intuições. Todavia, Zimermman procurou argumentar, partindo de uma estratégia contrafactual, contra a relevância da participação da sorte na moralidade. Dito isso, os objetivos do trabalho são: expor os argumentos de Zimmerman e apresentar algumas objeções de Robert Hartman ao autor. Para atingir meus objetivos o trabalho será dividido em três partes: na primeira, juntamente a introdução, buscarei familiarizar o leitor com o fenômeno da sorte moral. Na segunda, irei apresentar os argumentos de Zimmerman, com intenção de esclarecer sua estratégia contrafactual e seus conceitos morais. E na terceira, irei apresentar algumas objeções que partem principalmente de Hartman a respeito da qualidade e quantidade de censura e elogio, sobre a motivação moral, bem como a respeito da falta da função comunicativa da censura no modelo contrafactual visto.
U masliniku starom 17 godina, tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2023. godine, na području šibenskog zaleđa, u mjestu Grabovci praćena je fenofaza cvatnje. Fenofaza cvatnje praćena je na 13 sorti maslina ...(‘Buža’, ‘Ascolana Tenera’, ‘Drobnica’, ‘Oblica’, ‘Picholine Marocaine’, ‘Gemlik’, ‘Istarska bjelica’, ‘Krvavica’, ‘Coratina’, ‘Rosulja’ ‘Leccino’, ‘Pendolino’ i ‘Frantoio’) prema Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt Chemische Industrie (BBCH) skali. Utvrđeno je da na istoj mikrolokaciji različite sorte u jednakim ekološkim uvjetima imaju različiti početak i različito trajanje cvatnje što se može objasniti sortnom karakteristikom. Klimatski uvjeti za vrijeme trajanja cvatnje u 2023. godini na području bili su povoljni za cvatnju promatranih sorata.
In the 17-year-old olive grove located in the town of Grabovci in the Šibenik hinterland, the flowering phenophases were observed in May and June 2023. Flowering phenoases monitored on 13 olive varieties (‘Buža’, ‘Ascolana Tenera’, ‘Drobnica’, ‘Oblica’, ‘Picholine Marocaine’, ‘Gemlik’, ‘Istarska bjelica’, ‘Krvavica’, ‘Coratina’, ‘Rosulja’ ‘Leccino’, ‘Pendolino’ and ‘Frantoio’) according to the BBCH scale. It was found that the different varieties in the same area under the same environmental conditions had different flowering onset and duration, which can be explained by the varietal characteristics. The climatic conditions for the duration of flowering in 2023 in the area were optimal for the flowering of the observed varieties.
Conhecimento e sorte parecem dois conceitos excludentes, isto é, em ordem de atribuirmos conhecimento a alguém, tal sucesso cognitivo deve excluir elementos de sorte da aquisição intelectual. ...Entretanto, desde o artigo de Edmund Gettier “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” (1963), tem se reconhecido cada vez mais a envergadura que elementos de sorte assume no conhecimento, a ponto de chegarmos a uma conclusão cética no campo epistemológico. A questão que fica, então, é como solucionar a atribuição de conhecimento, com fatores de sorte praticamente onipresentes. Dito isso, o objetivo do trabalho será dois: (i) primeiro, irei expor os desdobramentos do debate da sorte epistêmica, ou seja, mostrar sua amplitude, classificações, conceituação e algumas respostas ao problema. Após (ii) pretendo argumentar sobre as vantagens de se abordar a sorte epistêmica fora do campo proposicional a partir de uma abordagem da epistemologia das virtudes que foque em outros bens epistêmicos além da crença verdadeira.
Istraživana je dinamika rasta ploda sorti: Springold, Redhaven, Suncrest i Fayette u ekološkim uvjetima Ravnih kotara. Breskve su uzgajane u obliku vretenastog grma na podlozi GF 677. Rezultati ...istraživanja predočeni su u tablicama i grafikonima. Rast ploda slijedi dvostruku sigmoidnu krivulju na kojoj su istaknute dvije faze bržeg rasta i jedna faza vrlo usporenog rasta. Prva faza brzog rasta traje oko 65 dana za sve četiri sorte. Druga faza rasta traje u sorte Springold 5 do 7 dana, u sorata Redhaven i Suncrest 28 dana, a u sorte Fayette 35 dana. Treća faza ponovnog bržeg rasta traje u sorata Springold i Redhaven 14 dana, u sorte Suncrest 21 dan, a u sorte Fayette 10 dana.
The dynamics of fruit growth of the varieties: Springold, Redhaven, Suncrest and Fayette in the ecological conditions of Ravni kotari were investigated. Peaches were grown in the form of a spindly bush on the rootstock GF 677. The results of the research are presented in tables and graphs. Fruit growth follows a double sigmoid curve, where two phases of faster growth and one phase of very slow growth are highlighted. The first phase of rapid growth lasts about 65 days for all four varieties. The second growth phase lasts 5 to 7 days in the Springold variety, 28 days in the Redhaven and Suncrest varieties, and 35 days in the Fayette varieties. The third phase of faster growth again lasts 14 days in the Springold and Redhaven varieties, 21 days in the Suncrest variety, and 10 days in the Fayette variety.
U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja kemijskog sastava i kvalitete plodova 15 sorti jabuke iz 9, manje ili više klimatski, različitih područja u Hrvatskoj, u razdoblju 1958. - 1960. godine. ...Istraživanja su provedena na sortama Bijela zimska tafetica, Bobovac, Boskop, Božićnica, Delicious, Jonathan, Kardinal, Kanada, Krivopeteljka, London Pepping, Ljepocvjetka, Mašanka, Ontario, Šampanjka i Zlatna zimska parmenka iz voćnjaka u: Međimurju (Štrigova, Željezna gora, Republički voćno-lozni rasadnik Vukanovec), Zagorju (Šaulovec, Pregrada), Zagrebu (Fakultetskih pokusnih i nastavnih dobara Jazbina i Sljeme), Podravini (voćnjak Poljoprivredne škole u Križevcima), Slavoniji (Stanica za voćarstvo u Osijeku), Srijemu (voćnjak Poljoprivredne škole u Iloku), Liki (Gospić) i Istri (Pazin). Analiza kemijskog sastava plodova obuhvatila je slijedeća svojstva: topiva suha tvar, ukupni šećeri, titracijska kiselost, jabučna kiselina i pH vrijednost. Ocjena kvalitete obavljena je na osnovi sklada između količine šećera (g/l) i jabučne kiseline (g/l) prema indeksu po Thiault-u. Za istraživane sorte utvrđene su stanovite razlike u kemijskom sastavu i kvaliteti plodva pod utjecajem klimatskih prilika, a posebice kolebanja između dnevnih i noćnih temperatura tijekom dozrijevanja. Najveće promjene pod utjecajem klimatskih prilika utvrđene su za sorte: Mašanka, London Pepping, Ontario, Ljepocvjetka, Delicious i Jonathan. Gotovo podjednak, odnosno stabilan, kemijski sastav i kvalitetu plodova zadržale u svim istraživanim područjima sorte: Boskoop, Kanada, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Kardinal, Bijela zimska tafetica, Božićnica i Šampanjka. Najbolju kvalitetu u odnosu na količinu šećera i kiseline u pojedinim područjima postigle su sorte i to na Sljemenu: Boskop, Bobovac, Kanada, London Pepping i Mašanka, u Međimurju, Zagorju i Zagrebu sorte: Boskop, Kanda, Ljepocvjetka, Zlatna zimska parmenka, London pepping i Kardinal, u Križevcima: Kanada, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Jonathan, Kardinal i Krivopeteljka, u Osijeku: Boskop, Crveni Delicious, Jonathan i Zlatna zimska parmenka, u Srijemu: Crveni Delicious i Jonathan, u Gospiću: Zlatna zimska parmenka, Bobovac i Bijela zimska tafetica, a u Pazinu: Kanada, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Božićnica, Kardinal, Ontario i Šampanjka. Više šećera sadrže plodovi sorti iz područja gdje su u vrijeme zrenja niže temperature tijekom noći, a manje kiseline u području gdje su manje razlike između dnevnih i noćnih temperatura. Rezultati opsežnih istraživanja izneseni su kao srednje vrijednosti trogodišnjih istraživanja u preglednim tablicama i grafikonima.
The paper presents the results of the research of the chemical composition and quality of the fruits of fifteen apple varieties from nine climatic regions in Croatia during the period 1958 - 1960. Researches have been conducted with varieties: White winter tafete, Bonapfel, Belle de Boskoop, Božićnica, Red Delicious, Jonathan, Cardinal, Reinette de Canada, Krivopeteljka, London Pepping, Belle fleur, Mašanka, Ontario, Reinette de Champagne and Reine de reinette from orchards in Međimurje (Štrigova, Željezna gora, nursery Vukanovec), Zagorje (Pregrada, Šaulovec), Zagreb (Faculty experimental stations Jazbina and Sljeme), Podravina (Agricultural school in Križevci), Slavonija (Osijek fruit growing station), Srijem (Agricultural school in Ilok), Lika (Gospić) and Istria (Pazin). The chemical composition of the fruit included the following properties: soluble dry matter, total sugars, titration acidity, malic acid and pH value. The quality score was performed on the basis of the ratio between the amount of sugar (g/l) and malic acid (g/l) according to the Thiault index. Certain variations in the chemical composition and quality of fruits were determined for the investigated varieties under the influence of climatic conditions, and especially fluctuations between day and night temperatures during ripening. The best quality in terms of the amount of sugar and acid in certain areas have been achieved in varieties on Sljeme: Belle de Boskop, Bonapfel, Reinette de Canada, London Pepping and Mašancke, in Međimurje, Zagorje and Zagreb: Belle de Boskop, Reinette de Canada, Belle fleur, Reine de reinette, London pepping and Cardinal, in Križevci: Reinette de Canada, Reine de reinette, Jonathan, Cardinal and Krivopeteljka, in Osijek: Belle de Boskop, Red Delicious, Jonathan and Reine de reinette, in Srijem: Red Delicious and Jonathan, in Gospić: Reine de reinette, Bonapfel and White winter taftete, in Pazin: Reinette de Canada, Reine de reinette, Božićnica, Cardinal, Ontario and Reinette de Champagne. More sugar contains varieties in the areas where they are ripening at lower temperatures during the night and less acid in areas where there are fewer differences between day and night temperatures. The results of extensive research are presented in tables and graphs.
Das 1995 gegründete Gemeinschaftliche Sortenamt (CPVO) verwaltet ein System zum Schutz des geistigen Eigentums an Pflanzensorten. Der gewerbliche Rechtsschutz für Pflanzensorten wird mit besonderen ...Herausforderungen konfrontiert, denen sich das UPOV-Übereinkommen (UPOV: Internationaler Verband zum Schutz von Pflanzenzüchtungen) angenommen hat. Das Sortenschutzsystem der Europäischen Union basiert auf dem UPOV-Übereinkommen in der Fassung von 1991. Der Beitrag erklärt – auf der Grundlage der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 2100/94 des Rates über den gemeinschaftlichen Sortenschutz sowie der Durchführungsbestimmungen – Schlüsselbegriffe des Sortenschutzsystems.
O artigo explora os sentidos e as relações de prestígio em Borá, interior do Estado de São Paulo, a partir da etnografia realizada na festa de Santo Antônio, santo padroeiro homenageado desde o ...início do povoamento pelas famílias pioneiras. Os descendentes desses pioneiros são protagonistas na organização da festa e se orgulham da tradição do preparo das leitoas e do prestígio que atrai as elites locais. Se os “ricos” se interessam pelos leilões, os pobres e os arrastados (categoria nativa aplicada aos trabalhadores da usina de cana-de-açúcar) querem tentar a “sorte” no sorteio das leitoas (ou esperar que a sorte os “encontrem”), “curtir a festa”, conhecer mulheres e apreciar o “movimento” na pequena cidade. Considerando o papel de “festeiro”, a valorização das habilidades e técnicas na arte do preparo das leitoas, os marcadores de classe e experiências de lazer, busca-se pensar as diversas artes sociais e suas tramas no mundo das festas. Apresentação em vídeo: https://youtu.be/8m924Kd34_E ABSTRACT The article explores the senses and relations of prestige in Borá, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, based on the ethnography held at the feast of Saint Anthony, a patron saint honored since the beginning of the settlement by the pioneer families. The descendants of these pioneers are organization’s protagonists and are proud about the tradition of preparing the piglet and the prestige the attracts the local elites. If the "rich" are interested in the auctions, the poor and the arrastados (category to call the sugar cane workers) want to try "luck" in the lottery (or wait for it to be found), "enjoy the party", meet women and enjoy the" movement "in the small town. Considering the role of the “party-goer”, the valuation of skills and techniques on the art of preparation the piglet and also by class markers and leisure experiences, it is sought to reflect on the various social arts and their facets in the world of the feast. Keywords: Feast. Tradition. Tecnic. Class. Luk.
Uzgoj trešnje u Hercegovini ima dugu tradiciju, kako u njenom mediteranskom tako i u brdsko-planinskom području. Premda se uzgaja na različitim lokalitetima i na raznim tipovima tala najbolje prinose ...ostvaruje u dolini Neretve, a osobito na području Mostara. Zastupljene su različite sorte vrlo ranog, ranog, srednje kasnog i kasnog vremena dozrijevanja. Zadnjih četrdeset godina introduciran je veliki broj novijih sorti trešanja od kojih su pojedine zauzele važno mjesto u uzgoju. Osim što se hercegovačka trešnja plasira na domaće tržište predstavlja i značajan izvozni artikl. Proizvodnja trešanja danas se susreće s određenim poteškoćama, od kojih je najvažniji nedostatak radne snage. Veliki problem predstavljaju i štetni organizmi, a posebice trešnjina muha i žilogriz.
Cherry cultivation in Herzegovina has a long tradition, both in its Mediterranean and in mountainous areas. Although it is grown in different places and on various different soils, it produces the best yields in the Neretva Valley, especially in the Mostar area. There are different varieties with very early, early, medium-late and late ripening periods. In the last forty years, a large number of newer cherry varieties have been introduced, some of which occupy an important place in cultivation. Herzegovinian cherries are not only sold on the domestic market, but are also an important export product. The production of cherries today faces a number of difficulties, the most important of which is the lack of labour. Harmful organisms are also a major problem, especially the cherry fly and the peach rootworm.
U ovom radu prikazana su kemijska i senzorska svojstva odabranih autohtonih maslinovih ulja sorti ´Bjelica´, ´Crnica´ i ´Piculja´ s područja Dubrovačko-neretvanske županije (DNŽ), za koje se smatra ...da imaju gospodarski značaj. Tijekom četverogodišnjeg istraživanja određeni su osnovni parametri kvalitete (slobodne masne kiseline, peroksidni broj i K-brojevi) prema propisima Međunarodnog vijeća za masline (International olive concil – IOC) za djevičansko maslinovo ulje i senzorska svojstva ispitivanih ulja kojima su definirana specifična obilježja okusa i arome koja se pripisuju isključivo određenoj sorti. Plodovi maslina ispitivanih sorti, temeljem indeksa zrelosti koji se određivao, prikupljeni su na različitim lokacijama DNŽ (Dubrovačko primorje, Konavle, Šipan). Analiza osnovnih kemijskih parametara i određivanje senzorskih svojstava, pokazala je da svi ispitivani uzorci ulja predmetnih sorti pripadaju kategoriji ekstra djevičanskog maslinovog ulja. Senzorskom analizom uočena je razlikovnost među odabranim sortnim uljima. Ulja od sorte ´Bjelica´ pokazalo je visoku voćnost, izraženiju pikantnost od gorčine, dominantne arome jabuke, bajama i pinjola. Za razliku od ulja sorte ´Bjelica´, ulja od sorti ´Crnica´ i ´Piculja´ pokazala su manju voćnosti. Ulje od sorte ´Crnica´ pokazalo je izraženiju pikantnost od gorčine, dominantne arome zrele rajčice, banana i pinjola, dok je ulje od sorte ´Piculja´ pokazalo ujednačenu gorkost i pikantnosti s dominantnim aromama aromatičnog bilja i bajama
In this paper are presented the sensory properties of selected indigenous olive oils from the area of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County, economically significant varieties. During the four-year study were set the basic quality parameters (free acidity, peroxide values, K values) in accordance to the regulations for the extra virgin olive oil and sensory properties of the examined oils that were defined by the specific characteristics of taste and aroma, which is attributed exclusively to the examined olive cultivars. Olive fruits of the indigenous varieties, based on the maturity index that was determined, were collected at different locations at the Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Dubrovnik coastline, Pelješac, Konavle, Šipan). By the analysis of basic chemical parameters and determining the sensory profile, it has been confirmed that all of the examined oil samples belong to the category of the extra virgin olive oil, respectively. By means of proceeded sensor analysis there is a noticeable difference observed between elected varietal oils gathered from the Dubrovnik - Neretva County. Oils extracted from the variety ´Bjelica´ have shown high fruitfulness, a pronounced spiciness than bitterness, with dominant flavours of apple, almond and pine nuts. When compared to the oil extracted from the cultivar ´Bjelica´, oils from cultivars ´Crnica´ and ´Piculja´ had a low fruitiness of green olives. The oil from cultivar ´Crnica´ has a pronounced spiciness than bitterness, with dominant flavours of ripe tomate, banana and pine nuts, when compared to the oil extracted from the cultivar ´Piculja´, balanced spiciness and bitterness with dominant flavours aromatic herbs and almond.
