Abstract Under the patronage of Napkút Kiadó publishing house, the poetry volume entitled Fényhajlίtás was published in Budapest, an admirable translation from the works of Romanian poet Nichita ...Stănescu, performed by translator Kiss Zsuzsánna, in 2017. With the “phantom of a… disappeared author” (U. Eco), with the accomplished art and overwhelming deepness of a neomodernist (and not only that!)” as Nichita Stănescu, the translator cannot “negotiate” only by using equal modalities of negotiation with the source-text and a similar talent.
Note-taking for consecutive interpreting (CI) is a special type of note-taking in that selective notes are taken in a highly multi-tasking condition under time pressure during a CI speech segment but ...are used to enable a complete recall of the source speech immediately. Given the specialty of interpreters' note-taking, it is still unclear in what ways note-taking affects interpreters' memory performance. Moreover, the effect of note-taking is theoretically assumed to depend on interpreting expertise, which has not been substantiated by empirical research. This study addresses these questions by investigating the effect of note-taking on the accuracy and fluency of interpreters' memory of the source text at different training stages. An oral recall experiment was administered to student interpreters at three critical note-taking training stages: the initial stage (with one-month training in note-taking), after the critical development stage (with six-month training in note-taking), and the advanced stage (with two-year training in note-taking), with a sample size of 53, 53 and 35 at each stage respectively. Participants listened to and immediately recalled speech segments consecutively in two note-taking conditions: with and without note-taking. Recall accuracy was measured by completeness of information recalled, and recall fluency was measured by oral fluency during recall. Results showed that note-taking significantly enhanced both accuracy and fluency of interpreters' recall of the source text at all the three stages, revealing a facilitative effect of note-taking on source text memory. The size of the note-taking effect increased as interpreting training experience accumulated, indicating that interpreting training enhanced the facilitative role of note-taking. However, the developmental trajectories of the note-taking effect on recall accuracy and fluency differed. As interpreting training proceeded, the note-taking effect on recall fluency was first improved (from Stage 1 to Stage 2), and later was the note-taking effect on recall accuracy (from Stage 1 to Stage 3). The findings shed light on the cognitive mechanisms of how note-taking functions for consecutive interpreters. A potential practical implication for interpreter training is that a step-by-step note-taking training approach may be beneficial.
•We designed a recall task to measure interpreters' memory of the source text.•Three critical stages of note-taking training were observed.•Note-taking enhances both accuracy and fluency of interpreters' source text recall.•Training raises the note-taking effect first on recall fluency and later on accuracy.
The past twenty years have witnessed much progress at translation, and good results have been achieved in this field, as it has led to the exchange of knowledge between countries, provided the ground ...for the exchange of information and experiences, and worked to ensure that countries become a comprehensive and potential driving force for economic growth and human development. Translation has various types, one of these types is the semantic translation where the translator attempts to keep the exact contextual meaning of the original language. This study aims at investigating the extent to which the aesthetic effect (AE) of semantic translation on English texts translated into Arabic namely quotes from George R. R. Martin’ novel "a song of Ice and Fire", Hans Küng's book Islam: "Past, Present and Future" (translated by Al-Shuraiqi and examples translated by Safia Al-Sa'di in the last work of her entitled "Life in Japan". A comparison between the original text aesthetics and the target text (TT) was made based on the selection of sentence structure, lexical and metaphors employed. The data of the study are illustrative examples chosen randomly to be analysed according to Yan Fu’s (2012, cited in Zhang, 2013) triple translation criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance in combination with Nida’s (1964) functional equivalence. The results reveal clearly that the chosen translations show a distinct amount of adequacy in terms of expressing the aesthetic effect (AE) in the target text (TT). The results also show that semantic translation appears to be more creatively appropriate in preserving the AE and transferring it into the TT.
The Notion of Corpus in Contrastive Language Studies: Choices, tools and exploitation
Since past decades, Contrastive Linguistics is in search of ways for its development. Such a situation results ...from the fact that the scientific context nowadays is overwhelmed with the advent of new disciplines; is highly saturated by needs for interdisciplinarity; and it imposes the search of paths which have to serve as guide for forthcoming studies. As far as Contrastive Linguistics is concerned, the ways leading to its development are methodological, theoretical, and epistemological in nature. Regarding this wide scope, this study mainly focusses on the methodological aspect of the discipline. Clearly, this paper examines the notion of “Corpus” within the field of Linguistics in general and Contrastive Linguistics in particular. As a new field of study, Contrastive Linguistics needs to be grounded on solid methodological foundations as well. First of all, it delves into addressing issues of methodological tools used while contrasting languages; then, it examines the issue of corpus selection for a specific study; and finally, it proposes ways for selecting and treating data which are often overlooked by professionals and students alike. To undertake the study hereof, it resorted to the Taxonomy approach in Natural Sciences elaborated by Carl Von Linné, Candole, Charles Darwin, Willi Hennig. The use of this methodological approach purposes at providing clear definitions of terms surrounding the notion of “Corpus”; at describing the various types of corpora, at underscoring their internal organisation; and at casting light on the useful tools for the constitution of a special kind of corpus relevant for studies in Contrastive Linguistics.The tasks mentioned earlier will provide a good grasp of how the notion of “corpus” is apprehended within the framework of contrastive analysis. This work shall equally equip young scholars looking forward to specialising in this highly technical scientific niche with abilities to better find markers in a methodology of proper and full selection, constitution and exploitation of a corpus in contrastive linguistics.
Achieving equal value or equivalence between the source text (ST) and the target text (TT) is the key aim of every translation attempt. However, since equivalence evades a concrete definition, this ...can complicate the translation process. This review article attempts to track the concept of equivalence through the various translation theories, focusing mainly on the 1950s onwards. Rather than viewing equivalence as an approach or principle, the study investigates its use as a theoretical method. To best illustrate the complexities of this task, this study focuses on equivalence in Arabic-English translation, given the lack of commonality in the roots and development of these respective languages.
The current trend in second language writing assessment has been toward the integration of multiple competencies in one task, specifically by incorporating reading and listening sources into ...integrated writing tasks. However, research has shown that novice writers may have difficulty understanding source text information, paraphrasing and summarizing source information, and incorporating that information into a coherent piece of writing. To shed further light on the relationship between source text use and integrated writing task performance, this short communication reports the findings of a larger study that explored EAP students’ (N = 111) performance on the Canadian Assessment of English Language (CAEL) integrated writing task. Their written texts were analyzed in terms of the number of source-text ideas used, linguistic modifications to source information, and content accuracy of source information. Results indicated that both the number of source ideas and content accuracy predicted participants’ CAEL writing band scores.
The study investigates some preliminary generalizations regarding the standards regulating the translation types and directions, the lexical repeatability of legal texts shifts. It also compares ...lexical repetition in Arabic legal texts and that of the corresponding English translation on the basis of lexical repetition type, frequency and distribution. It is a descriptive study that employed parallel corpora to compare lexical repetition in the source language (SL) text with its translation in the target language (TL) text. The research corpus consists of an Arabic legal text and its English translation. The researcher examined the different forms of shifts in the translated text, and the motivation of the translator for utilizing each translation shifts. The result proves that translation shift is an inevitable phenomenon. The various types of translation fell under three categories - avoidance of lexical repetition, retention with alteration, and addition of repetition. In the process of translation from Arabic to English, certain basic concepts cannot be replaced; and as such a translational shift (in lexical repetition) is required to appropriately convey ideas from Arabic to English. Arabic tends to use lexical repetition (LR) more than English, but for the legal texts, English uses LR as well as Arabic. The most common shift detected in this corpus is Partial shift. The results display that the roles of ‘repetition’ are not always preserved, sometimes they can be lost. Multiple translation methods were utilized by the translator. These include deletion, paraphrase, synonym and near-synonym, modulation and pronominalisation.
This study investigates how sensitizing graduate L2 students about source-text use might affect their citation practices. Two summary writing tasks involving two similar published articles, one ...irrelevant and one pertinent to source-text use, were assigned individually to 16 graduate English language teaching students from Iran. After completing the tasks, the students participated in retrospective interviews about their source-text use. Recursive thematic data analysis indicated that while they were inclined towards more direct source-text use in the first summary, they opted for more indirect and academic source-text use that involved their contribution and interpretation in the sensitizing task. The paper discusses the significance of sensitizing students to source-text use.
•This manuscript explores the relationship between holistic scores and source text use.•Automated source text use indices of varying sophistication were evaluated.•Higher-scoring essays included more ...content words and n-grams from the lecture.•Lower-scoring essays included more content words and n-grams from the reading.•The use of these indices may increase the validity of integrated writing AES systems.
Academic writing ability is an important aspect of success in higher education. Recently, standardized academic language proficiency tests (such as the TOEFL) have begun to include integrated writing tasks, which ask test-takers to read and/or listen to a passage and construct a response that reflects the information in the passage(s). Arguably, integrated tasks more closely resemble authentic academic tasks than independent tasks, and therefore increase the construct validity of assessment tools that include them (Cumming et al., 2005; Taylor & Angelis, 2008). A number of recent studies have investigated differences between the products and processes of responding to independent and integrated tasks (Guo et al., 2013; Kyle & Crossley, 2016; Plakans, 2009a; Plakans & Gebril, 2013). In this study, the relationship between automated indices of source text use and holistic quality scores is investigated, building on Plakans and Gebril (2013). The results indicate that a number of indices related to content word overlap and n-gram overlap explained a substantial portion of the variance in holistic scores. These results generally align with the findings of Plakans and Gebril (2013), and provide important implications for increasing the construct coverage of automated scoring models (such as e-rater).
The object of the analysis is the so-called Szczecin episode in its many variants. The episode plays a significant role in interpreting the novel Too Loud a Solitude, the Czech version of which is a ...source text for a number of foreign translations. As such, the episode creates space for specific translation operations that are possible in some languages (e.g. Polish and German), while impossible in other.
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