The lateralization profile and its link to speech development in 10 children with autism spectrum disorders and 20 neurotypical controls aged 6-7 were studied. Neuropsychological methods for the ...dominant arm, dominant ear, and dominant eye determination were used as well as for expressive and impressive speech assessment. Ambilateral results were found more often in autism spectrum disorders children compared to neurotypical controls. autism spectrum disorders children with ambilateral rates prevalence have shown higher results in speech development. There were more left ear dominance cases among autism spectrum disorders children compared with controls.
Описан ход и результаты работы по изучению профиля латеральной организации его связи с речевым
развитием при расстройствах аутистического спектра. В пилотном исследовании приняли участие
10 детей с расстройствами спектра аутизма и 20 нейротипичных детей в возрасте 6—7 лет. Были использованы нейропсихологические методики для определения ведущей руки, ведущего уха и глаза и для оценки импрессивной и экспрессивной речи. Установлено, что у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра чаще встречаются амбилатеральные признаки, чем у нейротипичных. Дети с преобладанием амбилатеральных признаков показали более высокие результаты по речевым показателям; среди детей с аутизмом чаще встречается предпочтение левого уха.
To examine whether neighborhood disadvantage impacts length of follow-up, interventions, and outcomes for patients with cleft palate.
Retrospective cohort.
Cleft Palate Craniofacial Institute ...Database at St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Patients with cleft palate following in St. Louis Children's Hospital Cleft Palate Multidisciplinary Team Clinic.
Primary palatoplasty between 2012-2017. Patients were divided into quartiles across area deprivation index (ADI) and social vulnerability index (SVI), two validated, composite metrics of neighborhood disadvantage, to examine whether living in neighborhoods from different deprivation quartiles impacts outcomes of interest.
Follow-up through age 5, surgeries and surgical complications, speech, developmental, and behavioral outcomes.
205 patients were included. 39% of patients belonged to the most deprived ADI quartile, while 15% belonged to the most vulnerable SVI quartile. There were no differences between ADI or SVI quartiles in number of operations received (p ≥ 0.40). Patients in the most deprived ADI quartile were significantly more likely to have speech/language concerns (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.20-4.89, p = 0.01). Being in a more vulnerable SVI quartile was associated with developmental delay (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.04-5.15, p = 0.04). ADI and SVI quartile did not impact risk of loss to follow-up in the isolated and combined cleft lip and palate subgroups (p ≥ 0.21).
Neighborhood disadvantage impacts speech and developmental outcomes in patients with cleft palate despite comparable length of follow-up in multidisciplinary team clinic.
Psychological studies have shown that children begin to think about death at an early age and have encouraged a rethinking of the concept of possible education about death. For this reason, the ...course entitled "Methodological Approach to the Theme of Death in Poetry for Children and Youth" was launched at the Teacher Education Faculty in Belgrade. A short description of the course is given in the first part of this paper. The paper then elaborates on the research conducted within the course, the goal of which was to describe: 1) students' motivation for this course and 2) students' expectations regarding the course content. In addition, given that the target audience is important for the manner in which the content will be presented, we also examined the course participants': 3) conceptualization of death; 4) their experience related to death; 5) opinions regarding discussions about death with children; 6) knowledge of literary texts that deal with death. The method of verbal and visual associations and a questionnaire were used for data collection. Data analysis has shown that: 1) the course title is what motivates students the most to choose this course; 2) students are interested in children's attitudes about death, the way death is thematized in children's literature, as well as understanding the phenomenon of death in general; 3) the elements of metaphysical concept of death are prevalent among students; 4) the largest number of students has experienced the death of a family member, a friend, or a pet; 5) students think that children's age, experience related to death, interests, and cognitive maturity have to be taken into consideration when talking with children about death; 6) students are more familiar with the prose texts than poetry for children thematizing death.
While influential works since the 1970s have widely assumed that imitation is an innate skill in both human and non-human primate neonates, recent empirical studies and meta-analyses have challenged ...this view, indicating other forms of reward-based learning as relevant factors in the development of social behavior. The visual input translation into matching motor output that underlies imitation abilities instead seems to develop along with social interactions and sensorimotor experience during infancy and childhood. Recently, a new visual stream has been identified in both human and non-human primate brains, updating the dual visual stream model. This third pathway is thought to be specialized for dynamics aspects of social perceptions such as eye-gaze, facial expression and crucially for audio-visual integration of speech. Here, we review empirical studies addressing an understudied but crucial aspect of speech and communication, namely the processing of visual orofacial cues (i.e., the perception of a speaker's lips and tongue movements) and its integration with vocal auditory cues. Along this review, we offer new insights from our understanding of speech as the product of evolution and development of a rhythmic and multimodal organization of sensorimotor brain networks, supporting volitional motor control of the upper vocal tract and audio-visual voices-faces integration.
Child speech deviates from adult speech in predictable ways. Are listeners who routinely interact with children implicitly aware of these systematic deviations, and thereby better at understanding ...children? Or do idiosyncratic differences in how children pronounce words overwhelm these systematic deviations? In Experiment 1, we use a speech-in-noise transcription task to test who "speaks kid" among four listener groups: undergraduates (n = 48), mothers of young children (n = 48), early childhood educators (n = 48), and speech-language pathologists (SLPs; n = 48). All listeners transcribed speech by typically developing children and adults. In Experiment 2, we use a similar task to test an additional group of mothers (n = 50) on how intelligible they found their own child versus another child. Contrary to previous claims, we find no evidence for an experience-based general child speech intelligibility advantage. However, we do find that mothers understand their own child best. We also observe a general task advantage by SLPs. Our findings demonstrate that routine (and even extensive) exposure to children may not make all children more intelligible, but that it may instead make particular children one has experience with more intelligible.
Public Significance StatementThe goal of the study is to determine who (if anyone) "speaks kid." In support of existing evidence, we find that experience with a child makes it easier to understand words produced by that child specifically; however, this frequent experience does not predict a general child speech processing advantage. We did, however, find that speech-language pathologists had a general advantage in understanding words spoken by both adults and children. Our findings clarify existing claims in the literature and provide key insights into the nature of human speech processing in general.
White noise machines are widely used as a sleep aid for young children and may lead to poor hearing, speech, and learning outcomes if used incorrectly.
Characterize the potential impact of chronic ...white noise exposure on early childhood development.
Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 2022 for publications addressing the effects of chronic noise exposure during sleep on early development in animals and children. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. Among 644 retrieved publications, 20 met inclusion criteria after review by multiple authors. Seven studies evaluated animal models and 13 studies examined pediatric subjects, including 83 animal and 9428 human subjects.
White noise machines can exceed 91 dB on maximum volume, which exceeds the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health noise exposure guidelines for a 2-h work shift in adults. Evidence suggests deleterious effects of continuous moderate-intensity white noise exposure on early development in animal models. Human subject data generally corroborates these models; however, studies also suggest low-intensity noise exposure may be beneficial during sleep.
Existing data support the limitation of maximal sound intensity and duration on commercially available white noise devices. Further research into the optimal intensity and duration of white noise exposure in children is needed.
•White noise generators are often used as sleep aids for young children.•The maximal volume of these generators is unregulated, reaching dangerous levels.•Data shows extended noise exposure damages auditory and cognitive development.•Caregivers should avoid exposing their children to loud or extended white noise.•Governmental regulation of white noise generator volume is advisable.
Some studies have unequivocally indicated the links between the early development of metalinguistic consciousness and the later success of children in the acquisition of literacy, as well as with ...their integration into society. However, in the context of the methodology of speech development, the multiplicity of aspects of metalinguistic consciousness has not been thoroughly examined so far. This paper attempts to fill this gap and show a possible approach to the development of the metalinguistic consciousness and the metalanguage of speech function in children. The aim of the paper is twofold: a) to provide a systematic overview of the requirements that can examine and encourage metalinguistic awareness in children and b) to present a model of crossing the metalanguage tasks with traditional forms of play, so that the work on developing the metalinguistic awareness in preschool institutions can be carried out adequately, considering the cognitive and socio-emotional characteristics of the child – through metalinguistic games.
Infants' own activities create and actively select their learning experiences. Here we review recent models of embodied information seeking and curiosity‐driven learning and show that these ...mechanisms have deep implications for development and evolution. We discuss how these mechanisms yield self‐organized epigenesis with emergent ordered behavioral and cognitive developmental stages. We describe a robotic experiment that explored the hypothesis that progress in learning, in and for itself, generates intrinsic rewards: The robot learners probabilistically selected experiences according to their potential for reducing uncertainty. In these experiments, curiosity‐driven learning led the robot learner to successively discover object affordances and vocal interaction with its peers. We explain how a learning curriculum adapted to the current constraints of the learning system automatically formed, constraining learning and shaping the developmental trajectory. The observed trajectories in the robot experiment share many properties with those in infant development, including a mixture of regularities and diversities in the developmental patterns. Finally, we argue that such emergent developmental structures can guide and constrain evolution, in particular with regard to the origins of language.
Objective
To assess the ability of a cleft-specific multi-site learning health network registry to describe variations in cleft outcomes by cleft phenotypes, ages, and treatment centers. Observed ...variations were assessed for coherence with prior study findings.
Design
Cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected data from 2019–2022.
Setting
Six cleft treatment centers collected data systematically during routine clinic appointments according to a standardized protocol.
Participants
714 English-speaking children and adolescents with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate.
Intervention
Routine multidisciplinary care and systematic outcomes measurement by cleft teams.
Outcome Measures
Speech outcomes included articulatory accuracy measured by Percent Consonants Correct (PCC), velopharyngeal function measured by Velopharyngeal Competence (VPC) Rating Scale (VPC-R), intelligibility measured by caregiver-reported Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS), and two CLEFT-Q™ surveys, in which patients rate their own speech function and level of speech distress.
Results
12year-olds exhibited high median PCC scores (91–100%), high frequency of velopharyngeal competency (62.50–100%), and high median Speech Function (80–91) relative to younger peers parsed by phenotype. Patients with bilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate reported low PCC scores (51–91%) relative to peers at some ages and low frequency of velopharyngeal competency (26.67%) at 5 years. ICS scores ranged from 3.93–5.0 for all ages and phenotypes. Speech Function and Speech Distress were similar across phenotypes.
Conclusions
This exploration of speech outcomes demonstrates the current ability of the cleft-specific registry to support cleft research efforts as a source of “real-world” data. Further work is focused on developing robust methodology for hypothesis-driven research and causal inference.
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