The symposium presents last findings on health promotion interventions in sports clubs. After a short introduction about the health promoting sports clubs (HPSC), five presentations (France, Sweden, ...Ireland, Finland and Netherlands) will reflect upon how sports clubs can be health promoting: in theory, from youth perspectives, by increasing physical activity level as outcome or enhancing sustainability of interventions, before opening the discussion with academic experts. Presentation 1 describes an iterative international process, implicating three groups (French sport students, French and Swedish experts) to create an intervention theory, based on the HPSC model. Presentation 2 focuses on a cross-sectional study investigating 123 Swedish youth's representation of sports clubs' role towards health promotion, identifying social dimension, environment, coaches, amount and ambition of practice as key factors. Presentation 3 is a longitudinal study among 366 adolescents, followed from age 15 to age 19, questioning the participation to organised sport practice and their orientation (leisure or competitive). Results have shown that by the age of 19, 33% of boys and 43% of girls have dropped out of organised sport, where 45% of boys and 26% of girls continued participation. Adolescents with a competitive goal orientation were more likely to continue participation. Presentation 4 is a longitudinal study among 131 youth measuring objective physical activity before and in the middle of a sport season. Principal results showed a significant change across time point, as well as differences between gender (a decrease in moderate to vigorous physical activity during games for boys and an increase for girls). Presentation 5 examined factors that influenced the sustainability of 14 Dutch sporting program aimed at increasing physical activity among inactive people 6.5 years after their implementation. Interviews with representatives of Dutch National Sports Federations and sports clubs helped to identify facilitating and impeding factors, like program adaptation, evaluation, financing and factors related to human resources. Question and Answer will be organised around the key ingredients and challenges facing the development of HPSC interventions, such as implementation of theoretical background, sport participants need consideration, complexity of outcomes evaluation of HPSC and program sustainability.
Sport represents a particularly complex social phenomenon, whose social functions are very diverse. Today, sport is considered to be an important source of income, from an economic point of view, but ...also with a strong social impact. Therefore, it is necessary to be very well managed so that people can enjoy sports, through clear, fair and consensual contracts, drawn up by experts in the field, which makes it possible, worldwide, in the field of sports in general and sports management, in particular, to have many opportunities for professional development. Football needs a professional management to build a healthy sports ecosystem in Romania, able to bring together the different stakeholders, through whose involvement the desired performances can be obtained both at the level of clubs and national teams.
The purpose of the present study was to identify barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research approach was mixed. In the qualitative part, interviews ...with 13 owners of sports clubs were conducted. The statistical sample in the quantitative part, based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), included 200 sports club owners in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. The results showed that barriers to implementing innovation in sports clubs were individual, structural, and environmental obstacles. Considering the entrepreneurial ecosystem and all stakeholders involved in the sports community, providing favorable conditions such as intellectual property protection, financial support, research, and development support, as well as improving access to financial capital, can pave the way for the creation and implementation of sports innovations in clubs, especially in crises.
Despite the benefits of participating in the physically active leisure pursuit of sport, women and girls have lower participation levels than men and boys. This study adopted Millar and Doherty ...process model of capacity building to describe community sport clubs' response to local government policy on increasing the number of women and girls as players and leaders. Data regarding the need to build capacity to implement initiatives to recruit and retain women and girls were collected through an online survey targeting managers of sport clubs (n = 20). Moderate levels of capacity were reported, however capacity building strategies did not align with clubs' specific capacity needs for initiatives to support women as leaders. Club readiness to build capacity to support women and girls as players was strong; nonetheless, club needs were somewhat addressed for these initiatives. Contributions to capacity building theory and implications for the clubs are presented.
Social capital's measurement has been limited and an effective scale is needed. This research employed focus groups and interviews and a panel of experts to provide understanding and items for a ...social capital scale in sport and recreation setting. After a pilot study the Club Social Capital Scale (CSCS) was completed by 1,079 members of sport and recreation clubs. This 42-item scale included the factors trust, friendship, acceptance, reciprocity, norms, and governance. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 20-item four component (governance, norms, friendship-acceptance, and trust-reciprocity) CSCS. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the potential four or five factor model and the hierarchical structure. The CSCS is the first psychometrically developed instrument to measure the factors underlying social capital rather than its outcomes. It can inform policy makers or sport and recreation administrators to establish baseline social capital in their organization and the efficacy of interventions or changes in policy.
•The enactment of inclusion policies is driven by key champions of disability provision within community sport.•Enactment of inclusion policies is influenced by a complex array of factors internal ...and external to clubs.•Young people with disabilities generally remain segregated within community sport.•Clubs have contradictory understandings of inclusion.
The last two decades within Australia have witnessed a range of policies and strategies seeking to promote the inclusion of young people with disabilities within mainstream community sport clubs. Whilst research at an institutional level has highlighted the problems with mainstreaming agendas, few studies have examined how grassroots clubs, as key components of the supply side of inclusive provision seek to respond to such policy imperatives. In this paper, therefore, the authors provide a critical analysis of the ways in which clubs engage with inclusion policies in practice. Theoretically, the authors draw on the concept of policy enactment and educational inclusivity. Through analysis of semi-structured interviews with club volunteers, the findings illustrate three key areas. Firstly, the importance of individual volunteers in establishing and developing provision within clubs; secondly, the largely separatist nature of disability provision within clubs; and thirdly, that policies tend to encourage club to focus on narrow forms of participation that lead to competitive pathways and mirror the structure of mainstream sport. In the conclusion, the authors problematize the notion of inclusion presented in policy and practice, suggesting such imperatives do not encourage a holistic approach.
This commentary considers return to organized sport amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of nonprofit community (grassroots) sport clubs that are the backbone of sport in many countries around ...the world. Local clubs can be vulnerable to challenging conditions at the best of times, and are at risk of significant negative impact if they cannot weather the storm of the current pandemic and resume their sport delivery. The opportunity and importance of drawing on evidence-based insights during these unprecedented times is highlighted here, by connecting examples of existing knowledge in several key areas (assessing and building capacity, embracing innovation, and adapting top-down policy directives to the local context) with the challenges facing community sport clubs. Potential directions for new research during and post-pandemic that builds on such foundational knowledge are also presented, charting a course for new inquiry that will support a more resilient community sport sector for the future.
In the context of the global migrant and refugee crisis there is considerable enthusiasm for the notion that participation by migrants of refugee background in community sport can play a role in ...fostering a sense of community belonging. Sport potentially is an opportunity for refugees to integrate (with each other and host communities). Community sports organisations in the UK - and specifically sports clubs - continually face challenges to devote resources to social policy outcomes beyond increasing sport participation. This article argues that the active approach of coaches, volunteers and managers to consciously manage inclusive sport activities is central for the integration of refugees. Utilising a mixed methods approach, this study analysed the impact of one sports club that used table tennis to promote the active integration of refugees. The study found three significant areas of impact: first, an active approach from coaches can facilitate integration; second, such an approach should be conducted in a safe, enjoyable and welcoming environment; and that sport is a positive social activity for youths with a refugee background if the focus of the activity centres on fun and social interaction, rather than just sporting skills.
This study examined the mediating roles of two types of passion in explaining the relationship between serious leisure (SL) and well-being. Using the Dualistic Model of Passion, harmonious passion ...(HP) indicates an adaptive psychological mechanism when one's serious pursuit authentically expresses one's identity, whereas obsessive passion (OP) derives from conflicted SL participation and thus inner and interpersonal conflicts are generated. Using survey data obtained from 145 collegiate sport club members, the findings showed that SL was positively associated with HP and OP. HP also fully mediated the relationships between SL and flourishing and sport club-studying balance. Our findings help explain the scattered and elusive evidence of dis-harmonized participation found in previous SL studies. On the other hand, when people can optimally transform activity values into a part of their identity, this mechanism helps people to perceive their life as meaningful and balanced.
This study explores how serious leisure pursuits, in the form of sport clubs within the American collegiate setting, can realise sustainability through maintaining their legitimacy in a setting that ...includes a multitude of opportunities to experience leisure. Collegiate sport clubs often compete with similar programmes that have superior resources and infrastructure for participants and other stakeholders, threatening clubs' organisational viability. The study used a case study methodology to explore how stakeholders perceive the institutional processes of a collegiate club hockey programme within a serious leisure framework. Stakeholders from a collegiate club hockey programme were asked about their perceptions of the collegiate club hockey programme in relation to the programme's activities to remain relevant among more well-funded hockey programmes. Based on the findings, partnering with the community and the professionalism of the programme helped the collegiate club hockey programme maintain their legitimacy as a serious leisure option. The programme gained a sense of trust within the community through mutual exchanges between the club and their fans. Additionally, the programme's game-day procedures and organisational success contributed to the community's perceived professionalism of the club. The study identifies legitimisation tactics that sport club organisations can use to demonstrate a commitment to serious leisure.
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