Background:
Little is known about long-term sporting activity after periosteal autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-P) and its correlation to clinical, morphological, and ultrastructural ...cartilage characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Purpose:
To evaluate long-term sporting activity after ACI-P and to correlate with clinical and MRI findings.
Study Design:
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods:
Patients who underwent ACI-P for isolated cartilage defects of the knee joint between 1997 and 2001 were analyzed for sporting ability for 3 different time points: lifetime until the onset of pain, the year before ACI-P, and 11 years (range, 9.0-13.4 years) postoperatively. Sporting activity was assessed and patients’ level of activity scaled using standardized questionnaires. MRI scans of the affected knee joint at follow-up were analyzed using the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) score and T2 mapping.
Results:
Seventy of 86 patients (81% follow-up rate) consisting of 25 female and 45 male patients, with a mean age of 33.3 ± 10.2 years at the time of surgery, mean defect size of 6.5 ± 4.0 cm2, and 1.17 treated defects per patient, agreed to participate in the study at a mean 10.9 ± 1.1 years after ACI-P. Fifty-nine patients (69% of total; 84% of follow-up) agreed to MRI, allowing the complete evaluation of 71 transplant sites. Before the onset of symptoms (lifetime), 95.7% of patients played a mean 6.0 sporting activities at a competitive level. In the year before ACI-P, 81.4% of patients played a mean 3.4 sporting activities in 2.4 sessions during 5.4 hours per week at a recreational level. At follow-up, 82.9% of the patients played a mean 3.0 sporting activities in 1.8 sessions during 3.0 hours per week at a recreational level. In contrast to objective factors, 65.6% of the patients felt that their subjective sporting ability had improved or strongly improved after ACI-P, whereas 12.9% felt that their situation had declined or strongly declined, and 21.4% stated that their sporting ability had undergone no change because of surgery. Factors of sporting activity correlated significantly with clinical long-term outcomes. MRI analysis with a mean repair tissue T2 relaxation time of 35.2 milliseconds and mean MOCART score of 44.9 showed no conclusive significant correlation to sporting activity. Level of performance was the only sporting activity factor to show a weak correlation with subgroups of the MOCART score.
Conclusion:
The premorbid level of sporting and recreational activities cannot be achieved 11 years after ACI-P. The MRI results determined at this time point did not conclusively correlate with long-term sporting activity.
Purpose
To evaluate sporting activity following osteochondral autologous transfer (OAT) combined with valgus high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in young and active patients with focal osteochondral defects ...of the medial femoral condyle and concomitant varus malalignment.
Methods
Thirty patients with focal osteochondral defects of the medial femoral condyle and varus malalignment >2° were enrolled. All patients were active in sports on a regular base prior to surgery (lifetime), but were unable to perform sports at the time of surgery. Sporting activity 1 year preoperatively and at final follow-up was compared using a previously published sports questionnaire, which assesses sports level, number of sports disciplines, sports frequency, sports duration and the participation in 32 common sports disciplines. Additionally, the Tegner activity scale and the Activity Rating Scale were used.
Results
After a mean follow-up of 6.9 years (2.5–9.8; SD 2.4), 76.7 % of patients were participating in sports on a regular basis (Fig.
2
). Compared to 1 year preoperatively, there was no difference (n.s.) with regard to sports, the number of sports disciplines, sports frequency and sports duration (Fig.
4
). The median Tegner activity scale measured preoperatively 5.0 (2.0–7.0) and post-operatively 5.0 (4.0–7.0) points (Fig.
3
), and the ARS changed from 5.7 to 5.3 points (n.s.). The different types of sports disciplines were comparable between 1 year preoperatively and at follow-up.
Conclusion
A high return to sports rate and an activity level comparable to the state at 1 year preoperatively can be expected in young and active patients after combined OAT and valgus HTO. This seems to be relevant in clinical practice when planning, indicating and performing these complex procedures.
Level of evidence
IV.
The aim of this study was to assess the visuo-oculomotor skills of gaze orientation in selected sport activities relative to visual demands of the sporting environment. Both temporal and spatial ...demands of the sporting environment were investigated: The latency and accuracy of horizontal saccades and the gain of the horizontal smooth pursuit of the sporting environment were investigated in 16 fencers, 19 tennis players, 12 gymnasts, 9 swimmers and 18 sedentary participants. For the saccade test, two sequences were tested: In the fixed sequence, participants knew in advance the time interval between each target, as well as the direction and the amplitude of its reappearance; in the Freyss sequence however, the spatial changes of the target (direction and amplitude) were known in advance by participants but the time interval between each target was unknown. For the smooth-pursuit test, participants were instructed to smoothly track a target moving in a predictable sinusoidal, horizontal way without corrective ocular saccades, nor via anticipation or head movements. The results showed no significant differences between specificities of selected sporting activities via the saccade latency (although shorter than in non-athletes), contrary to saccade accuracy and the gain of smooth pursuit. Higher saccade accuracy was observed overall in fencers compared to non-athletes and all other sportsmen with the exception of tennis players. In the smooth-pursuit task, only tennis players presented a significantly higher gain compared to non-athletes and gymnasts. These sport-specific characteristics of the visuo-oculomotor skills are discussed with regard to the different cognitive skills such as attentional allocation and cue utilization ability as well as with regard to the difference in motor preparation.
The impact of sport on children with haemophilia Khair, K.; Littley, A.; Will, A. ...
Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia,
11/2012, Letnik:
18, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary
Sport is nowadays perceived as beneficial for children with haemophilia, as good muscle strength supports joints and may reduce bleed frequency; by contrast psychological benefits are less ...known. This study introduces the impact of sport on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical performance in children with haemophilia. A cross‐sectional, multi‐site, study of boys aged 6–17 years with haemophilia A or B of any severity, current or past inhibitor, which assessed physical performance, sporting activity and HRQoL using age appropriate questionnaires including KINDL, Haemo‐QoL and HEP‐Test‐Q. Eighty‐four haemophilic boys (23 mild, 19 moderate, 42 severe) with a mean age of 11.52 years (SD = 3.4) were enrolled from two haemophilia centres in the United Kingdom. 28.4% were overweight/obese according to their BMI/age and had a good orthopaedic status (M = 1.55, SD = 3.3). Boys watching < 1–2 h of TV/PC/day had fewer days lost (M = 3, SD = 3.2) than those with a more sedentary lifestyle (M = 9.40, SD = 7.1) (P < 0.032). 90.5% participated in regular sporting activity; 79.9% at least twice a week. HRQoL in children was generally good, with highest impairments in boys aged 8–12 years. Boys aged 8–16 years reported good physical performance (M = 80.0, SD = 16.0) with highest impairments in the dimensions ‘endurance’ and ‘mobility’. Boys doing sport had a significant better physical performance and HRQoL than boys not doing sport. Sedentary life styles had a negative impact on the subjective physical performance and number of days lost of children. Encouraging haemophilic boys to participate in sport will have a direct impact on their overall HRQoL.
The main aim of this research was to find out whether there are any differences in motor competences between children involved in judo training and their peers that are not involved in any sport. The ...aim of this research was also to determine whether there are any differences in anthropometric measurements. For this purpose, we conducted an educational experiment. The research was based on non–random (convenience) sampling that included 54 boys divided into experimental and control group. In the experimental group there were 27 pupils of the first, the second and the third grade of basic school that train judo in JK Murska Sobota and in the control group there were 27 pupils attending the first, the second and the third grade. Apart from the regular Physical Education classes at school the boys in the control group were not involved in any kind of organised sport activities. Both groups were tested before and after a three-month training period. For statistical analyses the analysis of covariance was used. The findings showed that the experimental group was better in most of the physical fitness tests, while in the anthropometric measurements the differences were not statistically significant. The largest differences were found in the endurance torso power, the explosive leg power, in the aerobic endurance and in the whole body coordination. Slightly smaller differences were shown only in the flexibility and balance. It can be concluded that judo training is important for the development of motor competences in children.
Physical activity is an important public health issue and the benefits of an active lifestyle in relation to well-being and health have been strongly emphasised in recent years in Europe, as well as ...in most parts of the world. However, previous research has shown that physical activity within Europe and its member states is stratified. The present article gains insight into: (1) the geographical
stratification; and (2) the social stratification of physical activity in the 27 European Union member states in 2005. Special attention is given to sporting activity in comparison to other forms of physical activity (transport, occupation and household). By doing this we intend to develop a picture of physical activity, in particular sporting activity, within the European Union. In addition, we want to verify whether low sporting activity levels are counterbalanced by other pieces of the total 'menu of physical activities'. Based on Eurobarometer data from 2005 (N=26,688), bivariate analyses show that 4 out of 10 Europeans are not exposed to sporting activity. Moreover, particular subgroups of non-sportive citizens could be distinguished: South and East Europeans, and women, the elderly, individuals with a lower educational level and rural citizens. Our hypothesis that these groups would compensate for their non-sporting activity by being physically active in other domains could only be confirmed for women and rural citizens, in particular with regard to household physical activity. To understand the underlying structure of these possible compensation mechanisms, additional quantitative and qualitative research is needed. Nevertheless, because of societal trends towards an inactive society, the role of sporting activity will be increasingly important in the future for all inactive subgroups. For this purpose, not only should necessary resources and key stakeholders be identified, but also more importantly the social and environmental barriers for sporting activity need to be addressed.
This paper addresses the legal rules regulating competition in the area of organizing sport activities, whether in the United Arab Emirates or other Arab countries, in addition to reviewing the rules ...governing competition in the European Union, in order to determine the effectiveness of these rules in determining the practices of unfair competition and preventing monopoly and its adequacy in providing legal protection when organizing sports activities and exploiting them financially.
Resumen: En las últimas décadas, debido a factores sociales diversos, asistimos al desarrollo y a la transformación de las prácticas deportivas. En el presente artículo llevamos a cabo un estudio ...longitudinal de la práctica deportiva entre los años 1995 y 2014, en España, entre la población de 18 años y más, de ambos sexos, atendiendo a las relaciones sociales que se dan en la práctica deportiva. El análisis, obtenido a partir de bases de datos nacionales, ha demostrado la hipótesis principal de estudio en base al análisis de tendencias de práctica del deporte, puesto que la práctica del deporte individual ha aumentado frente a formas de prácticas colectivas junto a amigos o familia. Mostramos, también, las variaciones de la práctica deportiva dependiendo del tipo de relación primaria que se establece en el deporte según sexo, edad, hábitat, ocupación, formación, forma de hacer deporte, grado de competición, frecuencia, instalaciones deportivas utilizadas, tipo de deporte practicado, horas de tiempo libre y sensación subjetiva de felicidad.
Abstract: We have seen a transformation in the development of sporting activities over recent decades. There are a number of social factors behind this. In this article, we report a longitudinal study of sporting activities in Spain between 1995 and 2014 among the population aged 18 and over, including both sexes, examining the social relationships that arise in sporting activities. Our analysis is based on national databases and analysis of trends in sporting activities. It demonstrates the main hypothesis of the study, which is that individual sporting activities have increased compared to group activities with family and friends. We also examine changes in sporting activities depending on the primary relations established in the sport, by sex, age, habitat, occupation, educational level, the form in which the sport is practised, the degree of competition, frequency, the sports facilities used, the type of sport, hours of free time and the subjective sensation of happiness.
ABSTRACTLeyk, D, Witzki, A, Willi, G, Rohde, U, and Rüther, T. Even one is too muchSole presence of one of the risk factors overweight, lack of exercise, and smoking reduces physical fitness of young ...soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 29(11S)S199–S203, 2015—Health and physical fitness are key factors for soldiers. Increased sedentary military work, significant sitting periods during commuting and leisure time, and unhealthy dietary habits have caused a considerable increase in the number of physically unfit soldiers. Even worse, the adoption of harmful lifestyle habits occurs increasingly earlier in life. The aim of this cross-sectional study was (a) to determine the physical fitness of young male soldiers and (b) to investigate the association between physical fitness and both the presence and frequency of the health risk factors overweight, smoking, and lack of exercise. A total of 4,553 volunteers aged 18–25 years performed the Basis Fitness Test consisting of the 3 disciplines agility (11 × 10 m shuttle sprint), strength (flexed-arm hang), and endurance (1,000-m run). The presence and frequency of risk factors were determined by means of anthropometric measures (body mass index, waist circumference) and questionnaire data. The portion of soldiers without risk factors decreased from 49.4% (18-year-olds) to 16.4% for 25-year-olds. Persons without risk factors completed the agility test in 41.1 ± 3.7 seconds, flexed-arm hang in 60.1 ± 19.7 seconds, and 1,000-m run in 235 ± 32 seconds. Physical performance in all dimensions tested (agility, strength, endurance) notably deteriorated with the sole presence of one of the risk factors overweight, smoking, and lack of exercise. Any further risk factor led to further fitness decreases (p < 0.001). Mean performances of soldiers with 3 risk factors were 46.7 ± 4.1 seconds (11 × 10 m shuttle sprint), 27.6 ± 6.4 seconds (flexed-arm hang), and 298 ± 45 seconds (1,000-m run). Impacts of unhealthy lifestyles and significant losses in physical fitness are already visible in young male soldiers. Armed Forces must intensify their efforts to maintain health and performance of their soldiers.
Summary
Reasons for performing study: There is a paucity of studies addressing sporting activity and horse owners' satisfaction after horses have undergone colic surgery.
Objectives: To determine 1) ...survival rate after colic surgery, 2) prevalence of horses returning to, or starting, sporting activities and 3) assess the owners' satisfaction regarding colic surgery.
Methods: Cases that underwent exploratory celiotomy for colic between January 2005 and August 2010 were reviewed. All horses that had one or more celiotomies and were discharged after colic surgery were included in a telephone questionnaire survey. Only horses that survived at least 6 months after colic surgery were included in the sporting activity analysis. Data extracted from the records included case details, intra‐operative diagnosis and surgical treatment. Information from a telephone questionnaire included the horses' post surgical details (horse alive or subjected to euthanasia, post operative complications, pre‐ and post surgical use, return to sporting activity, sporting performance, behavioural changes, management changes and recommendation by owner for colic surgery). A logistic regression model was used for the statistical analysis of post hospitalisation performance and an ordinal regression model used for analysis of post colic complications and of owner's recommendation of surgery. A Kaplan‐Meier survival curve was computed to show survival of horses discharged after colic surgery.
Results: The survival rates (%) at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months were 95.3, 86.6, 80.9, 76.9, 62.1 and 57.6, respectively. A large majority of horses (86.1%) resumed or started sporting activities after colic surgery. The proportion of horses that the owners believed to achieve the same or better performance after surgery was 83.5%. In 89.9% of the cases, owners stated that they would recommend colic surgery.
Conclusions: Horses discharged after colic surgery had a high long‐term survival rate. A high prevalence of horses resumed or started sporting activities with a high proportion of horses at their presurgical performance level. The large majority of owners of discharged horses were satisfied with colic surgery performed on their horses.
PDF
