Streszcz. and ContentsFrench.German, ros.
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Conservation issues: The use of metallic, precipitated silver in goldsmith ...techniques/Zbigniew Brochwicz. Anti-fire protection of flammable elements/Jerzy Czajkowski. Problems of Bieszczady: A contribution to the analysis of the relationship between certain factors and the profitability of sheep farming in large-scale sheep farms in south-eastern Poland/Antoni Jarosz
Streszcz. i spis treści ang., franc., niem., ros.
Udostępnienie czasopisma dzięki współpracy z Muzeum Budownictwa Ludowego w Sanoku
Zagadnienia konserwatorskie: Zastosowanie metalicznego, strącanego srebra w technikach pozłotniczych / Zbigniew Brochwicz. Ochrona przeciwogniowa elementów łatwopalnych / Jerzy Czajkowski. Problemy Bieszczadów: Przyczynek do analizy związku niektórych czynników z rentownością chowu owiec w wielkotowarowych gospodarstwach owczarskich w południowo-wschodniej Polsce / Antoni Jarosz
U sklopu izložbe Making Marvels: Science and Splendor
at the Courts of Europe („Stvaranje ushićenja: znanost i raskoš na europskim
dvorovima“, koja se održavala od 25. studenoga 2019. do 1. ožujka ...2020.) u The
Metropolitan Museum of Art u New Yorku, SAD, izloženi su umivaonik i vrč iz
vlasništva Dubrovačke biskupije – Dioecesis Ragusina. Ta dva dragocjena
primjera renesansne zlatarske umjetnosti njemačkoga grada Nürnberga izradio je
oko 1550. godine Peter Kuster. Iako se radi o stolnom uresu i jedinim
predmetima bez vidljive liturgijske namjene, umivaonik i vrč su do navedenoga
projekta bili spremljeni i izloženi u Moćniku dubrovačke katedrale Uznesenja
Blažene Djevice Marije. Posudba predmeta iskorištena je kao prilika i povod za
opsežne znanstveno-tehnološke analize materijala i primijenjenih tehnika izrade
tih iznimnih djela nirnberškog renesansnog zlatarstva. Na temelju istraživanja
i stečenih informacija o tehničkom sklopu, upotrijebljenim materijalima,
njihovu zatečenom stanju i prijašnjim zahvatima osmišljen je koncept za daljnje
konzervatorsko-restauratorske zahvate. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati
opsežnih istraživačkih radova. Njihova interpretacija donosi nove spoznaje o
tehnici izrade naturalističkih odljeva biljaka i životinja, kao i o životu,
stilskim obilježjima, tehnologiji i značenju rada Petera Kustera. Također je
dan uvid u nirnberško zlatarstvo 16. stoljeća, te djelovanje njegova
najpoznatijega predstavnika – Wenzela Jamnitzera.
The valuable
ensemble of an ewer and basin owned by the Diocese of Dubrovnik -
Dioecesis
Ragusina
was exhibited as part of the “Making Marvels: Science and Splendor
at the Courts of Europe” exhibition (November 25, 2019 – March 1, 2020) at The
Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA. These two Renaissance examples of
goldsmith art from the German city of Nuremberg were made around 1550 by Peter
Kuster. Although these are the only objects with no apparent liturgical
purpose, before this project, the ewer and basin were stored in the treasury of
the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dubrovnik. When
they return from New York, the Renaissance basin and ewer will become part of
the exhibition at the Sorkočević Palace or the Bishop’s Palace in Dubrovnik. The basin and ewer
were loaned for the exhibition as an opportunity and motivation for a
comprehensive scientific and technological analysis of the materials and
techniques used to manufacture these exceptional works of Nuremberg Renaissance
goldsmith art. In order to learn more about the production technique, as well
as the nature of the surface and its ageing phenomena, a systematic examination
of the entire surface was carried out. Based on the information obtained
through the research, a concept for the necessary conservation was drawn up.
Images from an
optical microscope in combination with z-scan techniques allowed precise
characterization of the surface topography as well as insights into the
construction, preparation of animals and the casting technique. The colours of
the natural casts as well as later layers of overpaint were identified and
dated through energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope.
The use of micro-computer tomography on several animal and plant figures
provided interesting insights about the construction and techniques used to
make this outstanding Renaissance artwork, since only a few comparable objects
have been preserved and researched worldwide.
Scientific and
technological research also showed the skilled craftsmanship involved in making
such unique creations of silverware destined for the cabinets of curiosities.
It takes months of intensive work to make this type of item, during which the
master must anticipate countless details and have a very broad knowledge of
materials and techniques. In many cases he must also be lucky, especially in
working with new techniques such as natural casts. The production of natural
casts of plants and animals has been a great challenge, starting with catching
and collecting the animals and plants for casting, making moulds, preparing the
animals, casting in metal, colouring and imitating their appearance. Although Peter
Kuster's ewer and basin seem to lag behind the elegant works of Wenzel
Jamnitzer in the sophistication of composition, this work combines an
emblematic Renaissance approach to science and luxury at the same time. At the
beginning of his career, the young goldsmith Kuster attempted to compete with,
or even surpass, his well-known and respected neighbour Jamnitzer with an
incomparable number of natural casts of flora and fauna. Kuster deviated from
Jamnitzer's symmetry and tried to integrate elements of flora and fauna into the
natural environment. As this is Kuster’s
only known work, it is difficult to compare his creativity and the quality of
his craftsmanship with Jamnitzer’s. Kuster never used a mould twice - all his
natural casts of animals are unique, which can be attributed to the difficult
production of negative moulds. However, even after very extensive research, it
is not possible to judge why a small number of the naturalistic outflows are
technically less accurate than others. The fact that only a few animals were gilded
before painting may be an indication of a change in the aesthetic concept
during the long-term production of this series. Furthermore, it is possible
that part of the casting was made later, during a different stage, or under
different working conditions. In the case of turtles that were cast after he
had carved the wooden models, it cannot be said with certainty whether Kuster
tried to simplify his work, or whether these animals were made by someone else.
Bakterija Acinetobacter baumannii u današnje je vrijeme vodeći uzročnik bolničkih infekcija, ponajprije zbog brzoga razvoja otpornosti te bakterije na antimikrobne lijekove. Klinički značajni A. ...baumannii izvan bolničkoga okružja, kao što su prirodna tla pod utjecajem ljudskoga otpada, javnozdravstveni su rizik za ljude i životinje. Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti potencijal zeolita modificiranih metalima za uklanjanje vijabilnih A. baumannii iz umjetno zagađenih prirodnih tala. Izolat A. baumannii u vlažnoj blago kiseloj terra rossa (pH 5,40) i blago lužnatom crvenom paleotlu (pH 8,43) podvrgnut je djelovanju prirodnoga zeolitnoga tufa (NZ) te NZ-a modificiranoga bakrom (CuNZ) ili srebrom (AgNZ). U slučaju dodatka 1 wt% NZ-a, A. baumannii je preživio u terra rossa sedam dana, a u crvenom paleotlu čak četiri mjeseca. Dodatak 1 wt% CuNZ-a u tla skratio je preživljavanje A. baumannii na tri dana u terra rossa i 14 dana u crvenom paleotlu. Dodatak samo 0,1 wt% AgNZ-a u tla rezultirao je kompletnim uklanjanjem vijabilnih A. baumannii tijekom jednoga sata kontakta, pri čemu je brojnost ukupnih heterotrofnih bakterija, prirodno prisutnih u tlu, ostala visoka. Čestice AgNZ-a pripremaju se jednostavnom modifikacijom jeftinoga i okolišno prihvatljivoga prirodnoga zeolita. Mala koncentracija (1 g AgNZ-a po 1 kg tla) mogla bi se jednostavno raspršiti po tlu koje je zagađeno bakterijom A. baumannii. Stoga je AgNZ obećavajući materijal za remedijaciju tala zagađenih tom bakterijom koja je otporna na sve dostupne antibiotike.
In this doctoral dissertation, we present the results of the investigations of the nanocomposite systems obtained by in situ synthesis of metal (Ag), semiconductor (ZnO) and hybrid (ZnO/Ag) ...nanoparticles in the presence of synthetic- and biopolymers. Poly (?-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) (pDMAEMAco- AA) was used as a synthetic matrix, while biopolymer matrices were alginate and agar-agar. The mentioned polymers were characterized by using absorption, emission and FTIR spectroscopies. The numerical simulation of the IR-spectra showed that certain IR-lines originate from the vibration of several diUerent groups of the particular macromolecule. All three polymers were employed as stabilization matrices for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, while zinc-oxide was synthesized in biopolymers (alginate and agar-agar). The alginate-ZnO nanocomposite was further used as a starting material for the preparation of hybrid zinc-oxide/silver nanoparticles. The synthetic procedure usually resulted with spherical particles but the nanoparticles of the other geometrical shapes were noticed as well (decahedrons and thin triangular prisms for Ag and cubes for ZnO). Besides diUerent morphology of the obtained nanoparticles, the nanocomposites also exhibited a number of additional properties. It was shown that the nanocomposites induce the inhibition of the pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus i Candida albicans). Also, in the case of hybrid ZnO/Ag nanoparticles, it was observed that photocatalitic activity increases with increasing in concentration of silver.
U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja nanokompozitnih sistema dobijenih in situ sintezom metalnih (Ag), poluprovodnickih (ZnO) i hibridnih (ZnO/Ag) nanocestica u prisustvu sintetickih- i bio-polimera. Kao predstavnik sintetickih polimera, korišcen je kopolimer poli(?-(dimetilamino)etil metakrilat-koakrilna kiselina) (PDMAEMA-ko-AK), dok su alginat i agar-agar predstavnici biopolimera. Svi navedeni polimeri su karaterisani apsorpcionom, emisionom i infracrvenom spektroskopijom. Numericke simulacije infracrvenih spektara polimera su pokazale da pojedine IC-linije poticu od vibracija nekoliko razlicitih grupa datog makromolekula. Sva tri polimera su korišcena kao matrice za stabilizaciju i sintezu srebrnih nanocestica; nanocestice cink-oksida su sintetisane u biopolimerima (alginat i agar-agar). Korišcenjem nanokompozita alginat-ZnO kao polaznog materijala, sintetisane su i hibridne ZnO/Ag cestice. U toku sinteze najcešce su dobijane sferne cestice, ali su dobijane i nanocestice drugih oblika, kao što su dekahedroni i tanke trougaone prizme (Ag) i kocke (ZnO). Pored toga što su dobijene nanocestice razlicitih morfologija, ispitivanja su pokazala da nanokompoziti pokazuju i niz drugih osobina. Pokazano je da nanokompoziti znacajno uticu na inhibiciju patogenih mikroorganizama (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus i Candida albicans). Takoe, uoceno je da u slucaju hibridnih ZnO/Ag nanocestica, fotokataliticka aktivnost raste sa porastom koncentracije srebra.
U radu se interpretira esej Miroslava Krleže posvećen zadarskoj srednjovjekovnoj
umjetnosti Zlato i srebro Zadra te njegov utjecaj na stvaranje
identitetske slike grada nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata. ...U Krležinim esejima
iščitava se autorov modernistički, još uvijek utopijski stav o nacionalnoj
povijesti i konstituiranju nacionalnog identiteta na temeljima dugostoljetne
kulturne baštine. Krleža avangardno pristupa srednjovjekovnoj
umjetnosti pronalazeći u filigranskim artefaktima zadarskoga zlatarstva
poruku bunta i samosvijesti hrvatske kulture u kontekstu europskih civilizacija.
Boraveći među zadarskim ruševinama neposredno nakon Drugoga
svjetskog rata u njegovu zlatu Krleža stvara sliku novog identiteta
grada, sliku konačno slobodnoga i hrvatskoga /slavenskoga Zadra.
U Makedoniji se vrlo često narodne nošnje ukrašavaju zlatnim i srebrnim srmama. Najraskošnije svečane nošnje nose mlade žene do prvih pet godina braka. Nakon pete godine braka odjeća mladih gospođa ...manje je raskošna, a udane žene, nakon što im djeca postanu punoljetna, odjeću ukrašena zlatnim srmama više ne nose. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti kemijski sastav metalnih srma sa makedonski nošnji metodom tankoslojne kromatografije. Problematika istraživanja podijeljena je u tri cjeline. U prvom dijelu rada govori se općenito o metalnim vlaknima i srmi, te o mogućim morfološkim oblicima metalnih niti koje nalazimo na makedonskim nošnjama. Metali od kojih su se izrađivale srme bili su najčešće zlato, srebro i bakar zbog njihovih kemijskih svojstava. Drugi dio obuhvaća literaturno istraživanje kromatografskih sustava koji se mogu primijeniti u analizi metalnih iona u otopinama uzoraka metalnih srma. Treći dio rada je eksperimentalni dio, obuhvaća razvoj i primjenu kromatografske metode kojom su analizirani prikupljani uzorci srme iz Makedonije te interpretaciju rezultata dobivenih tankoslojnom kromatografijom. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da su uzorci srme iz Makedonije bila bakrena pozlaćena odnosno posrebrena vlakna.
After the discovery of America, major imports of precious metals (gold and silver) and objects made of them caused a »silver fever« in Europe, so the exploitation of already discovered deposits of ...silver ore was accelerated, as well as the new explorations for the purpose of discovering new ones. Number of miners was considerably increased, so, for instance in the Schwaz region it reached 10,000. Large quantities of ore got dug out, and the obtained silver brought major profits making some families in Europe rich (Fuggers, Zrinski, etc). PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
U ovom su radu prikazani rezultati primjene flotacijskog procesa u dobivanju srebra iz otpada nastalog tijekom proizvodnje poluproizvoda od srebra. Parametri flotacijskog procesa, tj. vrijeme ...procesa, frekvencija rotacije, protok plina i flotacijski reagensi bili su optimizirani.
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