The Auerspergs Turjaški are among the rare noble families in the Slovenian territory with systematically preserved archives that date back to the Middle Ages. Most archival materials of the family, ...which was largely embedded in the framework of the Province of Carniola until the end of the 15th century, are presently kept in two private family archives: the Turjak Comital Fideicomiss Archives (Gräflich Auersperg'sches Fideikommisarchiv), first kept in the Turjak Castle until 1942 and now in the Carinthian Provincial Archives in Klagenfurt, and the Turjak Ducal Archives (Fürstlich Auersperg'sches Archiv), which were first moved to the Turjak Palace in Ljubljana and the Lower Austrian Lösensteinleiten Castle and finally ended up in the Viennese Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv.Turjaška knjiga listin 1 (1218–1400) Turjak Book of Charters I (1218–1400) contains 277 charters from the private archives of the Carniolan comital and ducal lines of the Auerspergs Turjaški. Published in their entirety, the charters are equipped with Slovenian regests and followed in the end by a comprehensive index of names and pictures of seals from the charters. With the publication of the Turjak charters, Slovenian historiography has gained an indispensable aid for the research of Slovenian medieval and modern history.
Publishing medieval charters for Slovenian history is a long-term effort. The first four volumes were still published in the days of the pioneer of the project, Franc Kos (in the period 1902–1915), ...with the fifth book, published by his son Milko Kos, following somewhat later on. It was only in 2002 that France Baraga published, on the basis of the collected materials, the Central Catalogue of Medieval Charters of Dr. Božo Otorepec from the Milko Kos Historical Institute of ZRC SAZU, the sixth volume of medieval charters encompassing a relatively short period of ten years, 1246–1255. The volume appeared without an index of names, the publication of which has been postponed until today.This book therefore contains an accurate explanatory index of personal and place names, thus completing Baraga’s edition of 295 medieval charters.The book comes with a CD Gradivo za slovensko zgodovino v srednjem veku. 6/1 – Listine 1246–1255. 6/2 – Imensko kazalo Materials for Slovenian Medieval History. 6/1 – Charters 1246 – 1255. 6/2 – Index of names and both books in pdf-format.
The book is a text-critical edition of Brixen urbaria for the diocesan estates in Upper Carniola (Bled seigniory) with a comprehensive scholarly commentary and concise presentation of the historical ...development of the Bled seigniory throughout the Middle Ages. The published sources, offering a rich insight into the property, economic and social conditions of the Middle Ages, belong to the earliest accounts relating to agrarian economy and land property in the Slovenian territory and have, as such, long attracted the interest of the historian profession. This publication, having already been planned decades ago by renown Slovenian historians such as Milko Kos and Pavle Blaznik, naturally completes a series of publications of urbaria for the complexes of ecclesiastical (diocesan) land estates in the territory of Slovenia.
The present edition denotes a continuation of the collection of documents, which the historians Franc Kos and later Milko Kos began publishing in 1902 within the frame of the Leonova družba (Leon’s ...Society) in Ljubljana. Five books were issued under the title “Gradivo za zgodovino Slovencev v srednjem veku” (Materials for the history of Slovenes in the Middle Ages) (1902, 1906, 1911, 1915, 1928). The present edition is based on different starting-points, as modern researches into history can no longer refer to regestum (abstracts of documents) only but they must derive from sources themselves, published on the basis of entire originals, and equipped with appropriate critical apparatus. The book was written on the grounds of the material the historian Božo Otorepec of the Historical Institute collected. Included in the edition are documents of a ten-year period – that is from 1246 (with that year the fifth volume of Kos’s publishing of the Gradivo za zgodovino Slovencev v srednjem veku concludes) to 1255. The first volume (6/1) does not include a name index and a table of contents, which will be published in the second volume (6/2).
Članek obravnava srednjeveško samostrelno puščično ost, ki je bila najdena na grajskem vrtu. Ost, ki najverjetneje izhaja iz Loškega gradu v Škofji Loki, predstavlja le majhen drobec iz zalog orožja, ...ki so ga v srednjem veku freisinški škofje hra-nili na Loškem gradu, a se do danes ni ohranilo. O njegovem obstoju govorijo le ohranjeni popisi premičnega inventarja z začetka 14. stoletja.V nadaljevanju prispevka so predstavljene puščične osti za lok in samostrel, ter problematika razlikovanja med enimi in drugimi, saj je vsako od orožij zahtevalo svoj tip izstrelka. Puščične osti z gradu Zgornji stolp na Kranclju, ki so prišle na dan pri izkopavanjih v letih 1954-1955, so na podlagi obli-kovanosti nasadila tipološko razvrščene v dva osnovna tipa: tip I - s trnastim nasadilom in tip II - s tulastim nasadilom. Ob upoštevanju oblike lista je vsak tip še dalje razdeljen na podtipe.Ker za material z Zgornjega stolpa na Kranclju ni stratigraf-skih podatkov, so puščične osti lahko le okvirno datirane v čas od 12. do začetka 16. stoletja, ob pomoči spremnega gradiva in časa, v katerem je bil grad v uporabi. Po letu 1511 so stolp na Kranclju opustili.
Avtor v prispevku analizira pravopisne značilnosti Prizrenskega prepisa Dušanovega zakonika (začetek 16. stoletja), ki spada med srbske spomenike "resavske" redakcije. Srbski cirilski pravopis ..."resavskega" tipa naj bi bil posledica jezikovno-normativne dejavnosti Konstantina Kostenečkega. Avtor, izhajajoč pri obravnavi zapisovanja posameznih znakov iz pravopisnih načel Kostenečkega, opozarja na razlike med pravopisom Prizrenskega prepisa Dušanovega zakonika in "resavskih" spomenikov na eni ter pravopisnimi načeli Kostenečkega na drugi strani.
Before France became France its territories included Occitania, roughly the present-day province of Languedoc. The city of Narbonne was a center of Occitanian commerce and culture during the eleventh ...and twelfth centuries. For most of the second half of the twelfth century, that city and its environs were ruled by a remarkable woman, Ermengard, who negotiated her city's way through a maze of everchanging dynastic alliances. Fredric L. Cheyette's masterful and beautifully illustrated book is a biography of an extraordinary warrior woman and of a unique, vulnerable, doomed society. Throughout her long reign, viscountess Ermengard roamed Occitania receiving oaths of fidelity, negotiating treaties, settling disputes among the lords of her lands, and camping with her armies before the walls of besieged cities. She was born into a world of politics and warfare, but from the Mediterranean to the North Sea her name echoed in songs that treated the arts of love. The land between the Rhone and the Pyrenees was a delicately balanced world in which honor, dispute, and the fragile communities of loyalty and family held a stateless society together. In Cheyette's prose there rises before us a world we had not imagined, in which women were powerful lords, moving back and forth across what we now call Spain, France, and Italy to play the harsh political games essential to the preservation of their realms. But the region was also fertile ground for religious practices deemed heretical by the Church. The attempt to eradicate them would spawn the Albigensian Crusade, which destroyed the cosmopolitan world of Ermengard and the troubadours—the world that lives again in this book.
Market-places are a special type of settlements characterized by a reinforced exchange of merchandise and non-agrarian economy. The noun trg (market-place) stems from general Slavic term whose ...original meaning was merchandise. Out of this meaning other ones were developed: place where merchandise exchange was carried out, places in the centre of settlement where roads were being crossed and population being gathered, and, in the end, a special type of settlement. Out of the basic meaning, other ones were developed: trade as a process and subject, market-place, market-hall, places where trade is carried out, and merchant. The characteristic of all deduced nouns is the process which unifies them, and it is the exchange of merchandise. The first market-places in the medieval Serbian countries appeared in rural settlements. Later on, by renewal of the old towns and development of economy, first of all trade and mining, market-places were established in urban settlements. In medieval Serbia three zones and three basic types of urban settlements (towns) are differentiated: coastal, southern and central. This paper dealt with central zone in which Serbs had had the highest impact on the appearance and development of market-places, as a special type of urban settlements. Towns are the holders of civilization, and Serbian medieval market-places represent factors and reflection of the development of Serbian medieval state. According to the appearance, the following types of market-places are differentiated: monastic, mining, market-places at the places of caravan’s stations, and the ones in old towns, at the crossroads and foots of the fortifications. Urbanization is a process characterized by the natural or mechanical increase of population in the settlements of non-agrarian type. The process is taking hold of the whole society, not only urban settlements in which the changes are to be evident and the most visible, and they occur in settlements not belonging to the urban ones. The urbanization process in medieval Serbia from the middle of the 13th century was running in an accelerated manner, and lived to see its culmination in the first half of the 15th century. A great contribution was given to it by Dubrovčani and Sasi, holders of trade and mining. Unfavourable political circumstances of the 15th century could not interrupt this process – it was being gone out step by step with the arrival of the Turks, whom had not put the most important centres in the occupied areas in market-places as the most developed settlements, but in the fortifications. So the urbanization process, by the influence of oriental elements and war-like orientation of economy, is getting different forms.
Trgovi su poseban tip naselja koje karakteriše pojačana robna razmena i neagrarna privreda. Imenica trg potiče od opšteslovenskog termina čije je prvobitno značenje bilo roba. Iz ovog značenja razvila su se druga: mesto gde se vršila robna razmena, mesto u centru naselja gde su se ukrštali putevi i okupljalo stanovništvo, i, na kraju, poseban tip naselja. Iz osnovnog razvila su se i druga značenja: trgovina kao proces i kao objekat, tržište, tržnica, trgovište, trgovac. Karakteristika svih izvedenih imenice jeste proces koji ih objedinjava, a to je robna razmena. Prvi trgovi u srednjovekovnim srpskim zemljama javljaju u seoskim naseljima. Kasnije, obnovom starih gradova i razvojem privrede, pre svega trgovine i rudarstva, trgovi su se ustalili u urbanim naseljima. U srednjovekovnoj Srbiji razlikujemo tri zone i tri osnovna tipa urbanih naselja – gradova: primorski, južni i centralni. U radu je obrađena centralna zona u kojoj su Srbi dali najveći uticaj na nastanak i razvoj trgova, kao posebnog tipa urbanih naselja. Gradovi su nosioci civilizacije, a srpski srednjovekovni trgovi predstavljaju činioce i ogledalo razvoja srpske srednjovekovne države. Na osnovu nastanka razlikujemo sledeće tipove trgova: manastirski, rudnički, trgovi na mestu karavanskih stanica i trgovi u starim gradovima, na raskršću puteva i podnožju utvrđenja. Urbanizacija je proces koji karakteriše prirodni ili mehanički priraštaj stanovništva u naseljima neagrarnog tipa. Proces zahvata čitavo društvo, a ne samo gradska naselja u kojima su promene očigledne i najvidljivije, dešavaju se i u naseljima koja ne pripadaju urbanim. Proces urbanizacije u srednjovekovnoj Srbiji tekao je ubrzano od sredine XIII, a vrhunac je doživeo u prvoj polovini XV veka. Značajan doprinos dali su mu Dubrovčani i Sasi, nosioci trgovine i rudarstva. Nepovoljne političke prilike XV veka nisu mogle da prekinu ovaj proces – on se postepeno gasio tek sa dolaskom Turaka, koji najznačajnije centre u okupiranim oblastima nisu smestili u trgove kao najrazvijenija naselja, već u utvrđenja. Time proces urbanizacije, uz upliv orijentalnih elemenata i ratnu orjentaciju privrede, poprima drugačije oblike.
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