The article investigates relationships between measuring and imagemaking, focusing on the common historical context for the universalization of measurement standards and the emergence of photography. ...It discusses several artworks that directly tackle the problem of measurement and standardization (Marcel Duchamp’s 3 stoppages-étalon; John Baldessari’s Throwing Three Balls in the Air to Get a Straight Line (Best of Thirty-Six Attempts); and Sasha Litvintseva’s and Beny Wagner’s Constant) to demonstrate the tension between the particular and the universal, the material and the ideal, and to claim that both metrological standards and technical images always exist as multiple variants of idealized entities.
•Images taken by scanning electron microscope (SEM) are not just for displaying art, they should deliver scientific information.•Making standardization and quantification of backscattered electron ...images more accessible.•A new technique (ZEM) introduced here would make SEM capable of detecting light elements and compounds.
Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used in scientific and industrial disciplines. However, achieving consistent standards and precise quantification in BSE images has proven to be a long-standing challenge. Previous methods incorporating dedicated calibration processes and Monte Carlo simulations have still posed practical limitations for widespread adoption. Here we introduce a bolometer platform that directly measures the absorbed thermal energy of the sample and demonstrates that it can help to analyze the atomic number (Z) of the investigated samples. The technique, named Atomic Number Electron Microscopy (ZEM), employs the conservation of energy as the foundation of standardization and can serve as a nearly ideal BSE detector. Our approach combines the strengths of both BSE and ZEM detectors, simplifying quantitative analysis for samples of various shapes and sizes. The complementary relation between the ZEM and BSE signals also makes the detection of light elements or compounds more accessible than existing microanalysis techniques.
요침사 현미경검사를 위한 표본제작의 표준화 연구 이혁재; Hyeok Jae Lee; 김대헌 ...
Korean journal of clinical laboratory science,
06/2024, Letnik:
56, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
요검사는 검사실에서 일상적으로 수행되는 기본적인 검사이다. 연구에서 새로운 프로토콜을 포함한 두 가지 수동 현미경검사 방법을 표준화된 chamber 방법과 비교하였다. 시험지검사와 자동 침사물 분석기에서 적혈구 양성 201개와 백혈구 양성인 201개 검체로 구성된 총 402개 검체를 분석 대상으로 선정했다. 적혈구 및 백혈구에 대한 표준화된 chamber ...방법과 새로운 프로토콜 방법 간의 상관계수는 모두 r=0.98로, 높은 수준의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이 두 방법 간의 동일 등급에 대한 쌍별 일치율은 적혈구의 경우 86.1%, 백혈구의 경우 88.6%였으며, 한 등급 차이 내 일치율은 모두 99.5%였다. 반면, 표준화된 chamber 방법과 중·소규모 검사실 방법 간의 일치율은 적혈구의 경우 11.9%, 백혈구의 경우 13.4%로, 동일 등급 일치율이 현저히 낮았고, 한 등급 차이 내 일치율은 각각 67.2%와 74.1%로 나타났다. 급내상관계수 및 Bland-Altman plot을 사용한 분석에서는 새로운 프로토콜이 다른 세 가지 수동 현미경검사 방법에 비해 우수한 일치도를 보인 것으로 확인되었다. 표준화된 chamber 방법과의 높은 상관관계와 일치도를 고려해 볼 때, 새로운 프로토콜 방법을 소변 침사물 표본제작의 표준화된 절차로 권장한다.
Urinalysis is a fundamental diagnostic test routinely performed in clinical laboratories. We evaluated two manual microscopy methods, including a novel protocol, against the standardized chamber method. A total of 402 specimens, comprising 201 positive each for red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) by the strip test and automated urine sediment analyzer, were selected for the analysis. The correlation coefficients between the standardized chamber method and the novel protocol RBC and WBC test were both r=0.98, indicating a high degree of correlation. The pair-wise agreement rates for the same grade between these two methods were 86.1% for RBCs and 88.6% for WBCs, with rates within one grade difference of both at 99.5%. In contrast, the agreement rates between the standardized chamber method and smaller or medium-sized laboratory methods were notably lower, with the same-grade rates at 11.9% for RBCs and 13.4% for WBCs, and within one grade difference at 67.2% and 74.1%, respectively. Additional analyses using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots confirmed that the novel protocol exhibited superior agreement compared to the other three manual microscopy methods tested. Therefore, we recommend the novel protocol as a standardized procedure for urine sediment preparation, given its high correlation and agreement with the standardized chamber method.
Urinalysis is a fundamental diagnostic test routinely performed in clinical laboratories. We evaluated two manual microscopy methods, including a novel protocol, against the standardized chamber ...method. A total of 402 specimens, comprising 201 positive each for red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) by the strip test and automated urine sediment analyzer, were selected for the analysis. The correlation coefficients between the standardized chamber method and the novel protocol RBC and WBC test were both r=0.98, indicating a high degree of correlation. The pair-wise agreement rates for the same grade between these two methods were 86.1% for RBCs and 88.6% for WBCs, with rates within one grade difference of both at 99.5%. In contrast, the agreement rates between the standardized chamber method and smaller or medium-sized laboratory methods were notably lower, with the same-grade rates at 11.9% for RBCs and 13.4% for WBCs, and within one grade difference at 67.2% and 74.1%, respectively. Additional analyses using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots confirmed that the novel protocol exhibited superior agreement compared to the other three manual microscopy methods tested. Therefore, we recommend the novel protocol as a standardized procedure for urine sediment preparation, given its high correlation and agreement with the standardized chamber method.
Abstract
This article focuses on the study of physical and geographical aspects of toponymy, which involves the naming and renaming of geographical objects based on the natural features of a place. ...The research in this field prioritizes the normalization and standardization of geographical names, compilation of a state register of geographical names, proper use of names, publication of toponymic dictionaries, and transliteration of geographical names. In this regard, the present paper analyzes scientific research on toponyms from various regions worldwide, including Uzbekistan. A classification system of geographical names and physical and geographical features of toponyms specific to the regions of Uzbekistan has been developed and recommended, taking into account the natural characteristics of the place. Additionally, thematic toponymic maps have been developed.
Abstract Introduction The history of standardization relating to the activities of medical laboratories traces the development of quality system standards in the world, and their evolution. Content ...In this study, we have included the key benchmarks that represent the stages of the quality system’s evolution in recent decades. Accreditation of medical laboratories has become compulsory in most countries, regarding national or international standards. International acknowledgment of the effectiveness of the results delivered to the many stakeholders, particularly patients and prescribers, is conferred through the use of standards. Summary The ISO 15189 standard represents the latest and most specific international standards for medical laboratories of all types. Outlook More research is necessary to study if laboratory practices reflect the evolution of standards within the medical laboratory field.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) research articles show a large heterogeneity in the analysis approaches and pre-processing procedures. Additionally, there is often a lack of a complete ...description of the methods applied, necessary for study replication or for results comparison. The aims of this paper were (i) to review and investigate which information is generally included in published fNIRS papers, and (ii) to define a signal pre-processing procedure to set a common ground for standardization guidelines. To this goal, we have reviewed 110 fNIRS articles published in 2016 in the field of cognitive neuroscience, and performed a simulation analysis with synthetic fNIRS data to optimize the signal filtering step before applying the GLM method for statistical inference. Our results highlight the fact that many papers lack important information, and there is a large variability in the filtering methods used. Our simulations demonstrated that the optimal approach to remove noise and recover the hemodynamic response from fNIRS data in a GLM framework is to use a 1000th order band-pass Finite Impulse Response filter. Based on these results, we give preliminary recommendations as to the first step toward improving the analysis of fNIRS data and dissemination of the results.
Holoptelea integrifolia (Ulmaceae) is a diversely used in Traditional Systems of medicine for healing aliments. The plant is preferred in the treatment and curing diseases like leprosy, inflammation, ...rickets, leucoderma, scabies, rheumatism, eczema, malaria and many more. The plants exhibits various pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, nociceptive, antiaging ,inflammation, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, adaptogenic, anticancer, wound healing, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic. The study on moprphological and microscopical was carried out on this plant as per the standards laid down by who to find the genuinity of the species. Physical constant values involving moisture content, ash and extractives as well as qualitative and quantitative estimation of various phytochemical have been studied. The presence of Saponins, Tannins, Terpenoids, Steroid, Flavonoids, and some other chemical constituents were recorded followed by antimicrobial activity of the plant against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria. Looking forward with the potential aspects of the plant used in Traditional system standardization parameters were to be considered for its validation and authentication.
Within language-sensitive IB literature, a range of studies examine responses to corporate language policies, especially in relation to English. However, research addressing other languages, and ...profession-specific influences on responses to language standardization remains scarce. This qualitative paper discusses journalists’ responses to corporate language standardization within the linguascape of the BBC Arabic Service. The findings demonstrate the impact of various interlinked influences on these responses: from external ones associated with the macro-level of the arabophone context and the journalistic profession, to internal organizational ones, occurring at the meso-level of the BBC, and the micro-level considerations linked with individual journalists’ career-related intentions.
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