The aim of this paper is to analyse shipping firms’ reactions to environmental challenges and identify how significant reductions in energy consumption and air emissions can come about by ...implementing a variety of voluntary initiatives. The paper focuses on the various sustainability initiatives implemented by the Swedish short sea shipping operator, Stena Line, either on a purely voluntary basis as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy or as their chosen route for compliance with regulations. A conceptual model is developed based on stakeholder theory, the theory of planned behaviour and resource dependence theory to understand the main drivers of the firm’s adoption of sustainability initiatives and the factors affecting the integration of CSR in maritime companies. According to our findings, the company operates within a strongly enforced regulatory environmental framework and needs to exceed this framework to differentiate its service and strengthen its relationships with its customers by addressing their social and environmental concerns. As the firm’s competitive strategy focuses on service differentiation, a large pool of complementary resources is available for CSR and the implementation of sustainability practices. The results of this paper bring new insights to the potential of local private voluntary initiatives for the reduction of maritime air emissions. These include the provision of onshore power supply, the conversion of vessels to use methanol, ferry electrification, the construction of larger RoPax vessels and the implementation of an energy-saving program that focuses on crew involvement and continuous training. The environmental outcomes derived from a combination of local operational and technical energy efficiency measures are found to be significant and can contribute to the efforts for the achievement of sustainable maritime transport undertaken by international and regional organisations. The main barriers for the adoption of voluntary sustainability initiatives in the maritime sector are economic and technological. To encourage the wider adoption of these initiatives, the provision of economic incentives at national or regional level is crucial, as such initiatives usually imply high initial installation costs that should be somehow compensated for both vessels and terminals.
The author provides analysis of the causes of the abrupt escalation of standoff in the Persian Gulf between Iran and the USA as well as Iran and the UK. Having seized the Britishflagged vessel Stena ...Impero on 19th July 2019, Iran crossed the red lines in its relationship with the Western countries. Against this background London’s trying to create a European-led maritime grouping which is supposed to be independent from the USA to ensure the freedom of passage in the Strait of Hormuz. The author concludes that the creation of such a flotilla, which is perceived by Tehran as a threat to its interests in the region, is going to be a new point of tension between two sides as well as the EU’s new step on the path of its distancing from the JCPoA.
This text belongs to Colonel Vassil Shishkov, former commander of the 15th Infantry Lom Regiment in WWI. His war recollections were published in 1926 in “Narodna otbrana” – a rare literary source.
Colonel Stefan Iliev, a commander of the 15th Infantry Lom regiment (Belogradchik), is a Bulgarian hero, killed in the battlefield at Chervenata stena, near Bitola, on 26 March 1917. Here is the ...journal version of a very rare book, published in the printing house of Stamen Kamenov in Belogradchik in 1930. On the cover of the book an author is not given - it is an edition of the Belogradchik Society of the Reserve Non-Commissioned Officers. All details of the military career of this brave Bulgarian soldier are described. The book exists in two editions.
The Alfa Laval HCO filter, now set to begin validation testing, easily achieves this balance of fine filtration and excellent flow passage. Between its high performance and its compact nature, the ...Alfa Laval HCO filter will remove much of the cost and installation complexity associated with hydraulic control system protection, says Herve Gourdon, Business Manager, Filters at Alfa Laval. With Alfa Laval Atrium technology, the Alfa Laval HCO filter reliably achieves the 6 ?m filtering needed to protect hydraulic control valves, says Gourdon. Yet the flow and pressure through the filter remain practically unaffected, which ensures a safe margin for the engine.
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