Growing concerns about the continued use of cultural stereotypes in media production, and the subsequent decrease in diversity, resulted in the launch of a student film production programme between ...three tertiary institutions in South Africa and Finland during the first half of 2006. The aim of the programme was to encourage students to produce films about a foreign culture that moved "beyond stereotypes" and reflected a greater understanding of that society. This article examines the production process, participants' experience and analyses the final products that were produced in the nine weeks the students spent in Helsinki, Finland. To what extent can media productions, such as film, be devoid of stereotypes? "Kykies verby die stereotipes" : uitbeeldings van 'n vreemde kultuur in filmstudente se produksies Daar is groeiende kommer oor die volgehoue gebruik van kulturele stereotipes in mediaproduksies, want dit lei tot 'n afname in verskeidenheid. Om dié rede is daar besluit om in die eerste helfte van 2006 'n studentefilmprojek tussen drie tersiêre instellings in Suid-Afrika en Finland van stapel te laat loop. Die doel van die program was om nege studente films oor 'n vreemde kultuur te laat vervaardig wat verder kyk as stereotipes en groter begrip toon vir die ingewikkelde aard van gemeenskappe. Hierdie artikel ontleed hoe die deelnemende studente die probleem van stereotiperende uitbeeldings tydens die vervaardiging van hulle films opgelos het. Die artikel ontleed ook die deelnemers se ervarings in die finale produkte wat in die nege weke vervaardig is wat die Suid-Afrikaanse studente in Helsinki, Finland deurgebring het. Tot watter mate kan mediaproduksies stereotipe-vry wees?
Jeugfiksietekste kan ’n kardinale rol in die vorming van genderidentiteit speel, want daarin word die jeugleser blootgestel aan verskuilde magstrukture, stereotipes en seksisme. Die doel van hierdie ...artikel is om vas te stel of daar in die Afrikaanse jeugliteratuur ’n verandering in die uitbeelding van genderrolle en ook die gevolglike invloed op gendervorming plaasgevind het sedert 2002 met die publikasie van Die ongelooflike avonture van Hanna Hoekom (Van der Vyver 2002) wat sedertdien ook ’n voorgeskrewe verhaal op skool is. Vyf gekose bekroonde jeugromans met vroulike hoofkarakters is uit die tydperk 2002–2012 ondersoek om vas te stel in watter mate die jong vroulike leser se genderidentiteit beïnvloed sou kon word deur dit wat sy lees. Die tekste is aan feministiese kritiesediskoersontleding onderwerp om verskuilde magstrukture te ontbloot en die vorming van vroulike karakters in jeugromans te ondersoek. Die navorsingsbevindinge dui daarop dat daar positiewe veranderinge is ten opsigte van genderstereotipering in onlangse Afrikaanse jeugromans en dat skrywers sterk vroulike karakters die lig laat sien. Die navorsing toon ook dat sekere stereotipes diepgewortel is en dat dit gevolglik langer sal neem voordat verandering sal intree. Een van die gevolgtrekkings waartoe die studie kom en waaroor verdere navorsing noodsaaklik is, is die belangrikheid daarvan dat die onderwyser in die klas bewus sal wees van verskuilde magstrukture en uitgediende stereotipes in jeugromans en om dit tydens die onderrig van jeugliteratuur te ontbloot. Gender construction of female protagonists in recent Afrikaans youth novels Critics of young adult literature (YAL) agree that youth novels can play an important role in forming identity in adolescent readers. While reading YAL the reader is confronted with implicit social, political and cultural norms, power structures, stereotypes and sexism which form part of their world and could have an influence in forming their identity and gender roles. The aim of this article is to establish whether there was a meaningful change in the portraying of gender roles, especially those of female characters, in recent prize-winning Afrikaans youth novels. The research investigated whether such a change took place and what influence it could have had on the gender and identity construction of the young female reader. Five youth novels with strong female protagonists, published between 2002 and 2012, were selected: Die ongelooflike avonture van Hanna Hoekom by Marita van der Vyver (2002), Pandora se boks by Nelia Engelbrecht (2007), Lien se lankstaanskoene by Derick van der Walt (2007), Die verdrinking van Josua van Eden by Carina Diedericks-Hugo (2008) and Ek was hier by Nanette van Rooyen (2011).
Imagology and the study of literary stereotypes in die teaching of Afrikaans as additional language Imagology is the study of national and ethnic stereotypes as represented in literature. These ...stereotypes are represented in literary images of identity and alterity when intercultural contact is portrayed in texts. The main concepts of Imagology are discussed to provide educators with a scientific framework in the teaching of Afrikaans as additional language, with specific reference to literature teaching. Learners from various cultural backgrounds bring with them their own stereotypes. Studying literary youth texts that portray images of national stereotypes can facilitate the process of intercultural understanding and reconciliation. Learners can be exposed to the representation of Self and Other in prescribed Afrikaans literary texts without their self-image being threatened, yet discovering the relativity of values, and learning respect for their own culture as well as for that of the target language. The background, scientific approach and principles of Imagology are described, as well as important concepts. By using Imagology as a literary tool in studying Afrikaans texts in the additional language classroom, literature teaching will include looking at the narrative and functions of youth literature to discern psychological and ideological focalisation, together with its influence on negative and positive representations of Self and Other.
The use of Wit oemfaan (F.A. Venter) in an imagological framework for the teaching of Afrikaans as additional language The multicultural additional-language classroom has its own characteristics and ...requirements. An important element to keep in mind is that learners come from different cultures and all of them have their own perceptions of themselves, their own and other cultures. These perceptions can lead to conflict - something the educator has to deal with. Opportunities can be provided to work through the conflict and thereby facilitate intercultural understanding. Learners can be encouraged to become aware of their own stereotypes of the Other, which are influenced by historical and social realities and based on misperceptions. In order to grow in intercultural understanding, learners have to let go of their stereotypes and become willing to integrate the Other into their own identity. This article attempts to indicate why and how learners can be made aware of national and ethnic stereotypes in a youth text such as Wit oemfaan(1965) by F.A. Venter. The main aim is to train teacher educators at tertiary level to facilitate the learning process in an integration model for literature teaching by using imagology as theoretical framework. The teaching strategies aim to make the learner aware of the narrative voice and focalisation in the representation of stereotypes. The learner is guided to be confronted with the Self in the story, who is in unusual contact with the Other. This intercultural encounter in the secondary world of the literary text leads eventually to the maturation of the main character and can facilitate the maturation process of the additional-language learner of Afrikaans in the Further Education and Training phase at school. Die multikulturele addisioneletaal-klaskamer het unieke kenmerke en vereistes. 'n Belangrike element van hierdie konteks waarmee die opvoeder moet rekening hou, is dat die leerders uit verskillende kulture afkomstig is en almal hul eie persepsies van hulself, en hul eie en ander kulture in die klaskamer inbring - iets wat tot konflik kan lei. Die opvoeder kan aan die hand van letterkunde-onderrig geleenthede skep wat interkulturele begrip kan fasiliteer. Op hierdie manier kan leerders aangemoedig word om bewus te word van hulle eie stereotipes van die Ander, wat beïnvloed is deur historiese en sosiale werklikhede en dikwels op wanopvattings gebaseer is. Hierdie artikel toon aan hoekom en hoe leerders bewus gemaak kan word van nasionale en etniese stereotipes in 'n jeugteks soos Wit oemfaan(1965) deur F.A. Venter. Die uiteindelike bedoeling van die artikel is om aspirant-opvoeders op tersiêre vlak op te lei ten einde in die letterkundeonderrigproses gebruik te maak van die imagologie as teoretiese raamwerk binne 'n integrasiemodel vir letterkunde-onderrig. Die onderrigstrategieë beoog om die leerder bewus te maak van die narratiewe stem en fokalisering binne 'n raamwerk waarin stereotipes uitgebeeld word. Die leerder word in dié proses gekonfronteer met die Self in die verhaal, wat in ongewone kontak met die Ander is. Hierdie interkulturele ontmoeting in die sekondêre wêreld van die literêre teks lei tot die hoofkarakter se groei tot volwassewording en kan ook die volwassewordingsproses van die addisioneletaal-leerder van Afrikaans in die Verdere Onderwys en Opleidingskoolfase fasiliteer.
Sinden merupakan sebuab praktik kesenian dalam bidang tarik suara, membawakan lagu tradisi seperti kawih sunda. Sinden memiliki stereotipe yang dibuat sama seperti ronggeng, hal tersebut sangat ...melekat pada konotasi negative perempuan, begitupun pandangan ataupun stereotipe yang berada dimasyarakat seringkali membuat posisi sinden dinilai buruk sebagai perempuan penggoda. Dalam hal ini penelitian difokuskan kepada pandangan seorang perempuan pelaku sinden mengenai perkembangan dan respon masyarakat dalam lingkup sosial terhadap sinden sebagai seorang perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pandangan masyarakat saat ini mengenai praktik sinden, khususnya di tanah Sunda. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis dengan mendeskripsikan hasil analisis data yang telah diperoleh dilapangan. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi literatur untuk menguatkan data dan hasil penelitian. Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa saat ini pergeseran pandangan negatif akan sinden menuju pandangan dan apresiasi yang tinggi dari masyarakat, sehingga stereotipe akan perempuan yang memiliki nilai buruk sudah semakin pudar, tentunya hal tersebut didukung dengan pola pikir dan perekembangan masyarakat dari hasil perjuangan para pesinden terdahulu.
Media massa dalam memberitakan kasus privasi salah satunya kasus penyebaran video asusila remaja masih terjebak pada logika pasar. Untuk menarik minat pembaca, awak media membangun gaya penulisan ...yang terkesan sensasional dan vulgar. Akibatnya, entah disadari atau tidak dibalik pengungkapan fakta yang rinci tersebut telah melakukan kekerasan simbolik (symbolic violence) berupa penggunaan bahasa eufemisme yang berdampak pada hadirnya praktik pelabelan negatif atau stereotipe sehingga memicu potensi traumatik berkepanjangan kepada pelaku bahkan keluarga pelaku. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v1i22016p127
Saat ini dunia perpolitikan kerap memperoleh stigma negatif akibat tindakan-tindakan oknum kader di dalamnya. Maka tak heran apabila masyarakat terutama kaum muda makin apatis dengan hal-hal yang ...berbau politis. Namun rupanya masih ada anak-anak muda yang masih memiliki kepedulian bahkan bergabung dengan partai politik. Pun demikian di Kota Malang dimana salah satu partai politik memiliki cukup banyak kader muda. Bahkan beberapa di antara mereka berhasil untuk masuk daftar calon legislatif pada Pemilu 2014 lalu. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan biografi digunakan untuk memperoleh data dan menganalisa keterlibatan anak-anak muda tersebut dalam dunia politik. Terutama terkait pendidikan politik yang didapatkan mereka selama di partai. Menggunakan model purposive, pemilihan informan dalam penelitian kali ini lebih menitikberakan pada anak muda yang bergelut di dalam dunia politik. Namun rupanya masih terdapat ketimpangan yang anak-anak muda tersebut rasakan selama berada di partai. Masih terdapat kesenjangan antara mereka yang senior dan yang muda. Hal tersebut yang kemudian memunculkan kekerasan simbolik pada anak-anak muda tersebut. Terlebih di dalam tubuh partai politik dimana kerap kali sering muncul perebutan kekuasaan antar elit. Sementara mereka yang muda hanya menjadi pendukung atau bahkan penonton semata. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v1i22016p103
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud efek relasi tidak seimbang Timur dan Barat dalam novel Critical Eleven karya Ika Natassa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif ...versi Bogdan dan Taylor. Data penelitian ini difokuskan pada permasalahan identitas dalam novel Critical Eleven karya Ika Natassa dengan menggunakan pendekatan postkolonial. Keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi teori. Data dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif dan teknik analisis isi (content). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para tokoh rekaan sebagai representasi Timur, berparadigma inferior di hadapan Barat dan ditemukannya fakta cerita bahwasannya masyarakat Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara bekas jajahan menjadi pengekor dan pemuja Barat akibat adanya kolonialisasi dan neokolonialisasi.
This article focuses on gender inequalities in selected African literary texts. I explore the way in which some African writers view gender inequalities and stereotypes in their characters. We will ...also be able to see who is involved and affected by these gender inequalities and how. Gender theory will be used as a framework. The aspects of gender that are discussed, include gender stereotypes, gender roles, gender identity, the superiority of men, inequality in polygamous marriages, sex roles, the sexual division of labour and arranged marriage. This study will also include the views of writers from other part of Africa. These views have a lot in common but sometimes they vary because of the influence and different ideologies of the society concerned. Aspekte van geslagsongelykheid in geselekteerde literêre werke uit Afrika Hierdie artikel fokus op geslagsongelykhede in geselekteerde literêre werke uit Afrika. Ek ondersoek die wyse waarop sommige skrywers van Afrika geslagsongelykhede en stereotipes in hulle karakters sien. Ook sal gesien kan word wie betrokke is en wie deur hierdie ongelykhede geraak word en hoedanig. Geslagsteorie sal as 'n raamwerk gebruik word. Die aspekte van geslagrolle wat bespreek word, sluit in geslagstereotipes, geslagsrolle, -identiteit, die superioriteit van mans, ongelykheid in poligame huwelike, die verdeling van arbeid gebaseer op geslag en gereëlde huwelike. Die artikel sluit ook die menings van skrywers van ander dele van Afrika in. Dit is opmerklik dat hulle sienings sterk ooreenkom, maar soms verskil as gevolg van die invloed en die verskillende ideologieë van die betrokke gemeenskap.
Europe has been interested in Indonesia for many centuries ago. The Dutch Government and the East-Indies Company (VOC), for example, already established the connection between Indonesian and German ...along with the colonization when the VOC brought the German Regiment to the islands of Indonesia. Nevertheless, this relationship was not in a friendly way but was the power one. German also adopted the domination of the colony by the Dutch. Bali as the foremost attraction for the Europe since the 19th century has become a place of destination to the western tourists in the 20th century. The transition of Balinese culture and people can be seen in every aspect. The novel Wayan zwischen Drogen und D monen shows how the Balinese in mid 20th century is influenced by the western culture and how they survive during the transition from tradition to modernity.
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