'Intersectional stigma' is a concept that has emerged to characterize the convergence of multiple stigmatized identities within a person or group, and to address their joint effects on health and ...wellbeing. While enquiry into the intersections of race, class, and gender serves as the historical and theoretical basis for intersectional stigma, there is little consensus on how best to characterize and analyze intersectional stigma, or on how to design interventions to address this complex phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to highlight existing intersectional stigma literature, identify gaps in our methods for studying and addressing intersectional stigma, provide examples illustrating promising analytical approaches, and elucidate priorities for future health research.
Evidence from the existing scientific literature, as well as the examples presented here, suggest that people in diverse settings experience intersecting forms of stigma that influence their mental and physical health and corresponding health behaviors. As different stigmas are often correlated and interrelated, the health impact of intersectional stigma is complex, generating a broad range of vulnerabilities and risks. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches are required to reduce the significant knowledge gaps that remain in our understanding of intersectional stigma, shared identity, and their effects on health.
Stigmatized identities, while often analyzed in isolation, do not exist in a vacuum. Intersecting forms of stigma are a common reality, yet they remain poorly understood. The development of instruments and methods to better characterize the mechanisms and effects of intersectional stigma in relation to various health conditions around the globe is vital. Only then will healthcare providers, public health officials, and advocates be able to design health interventions that capitalize on the positive aspects of shared identity, while reducing the burden of stigma.
Objectives: Obese people are often stigmatized and discriminated against as unmotivated, incompatible, sloppy, undisciplined, and lazy because of their excess weight. The stigma associated with ...weight has serious adverse effects on mental health, social functioning, and physical health. It has been suggested that weight stigma can be internalized and lead to the development and maintenance of self-stigma. Methods: Personal Information Form, Turkish Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Weight Self-Stigma Scale (WSSQ), and Diet Satisfaction Scale (DSS) were used. Results: One hundred forty-five volunteer obese individuals who applied to the Diet Clinic and whose informed consent was obtained were included in the study. When the differences between the scale scores of the individuals according to demographic, health, and nutrition findings are examined, it is seen that the TEES scores according to the gender and income status of the obese individuals, the WSSQ scores according to the gender and employment status of the obese individuals, and the DSS scores according to the income status of the obese individuals, the psychological diagnosis status made by the physician, It was found that there was a significant difference according to the chronic disease states and the number of daily snacks (p < 0.05 andp < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: When the relationship between the scales was examined, a significant correlation was found between the WSSQ scores of obese individuals and their EES scores. It was found that there was a statistically significant effect of WSSQ scores on EES scores. It is thought that the findings of this study will contribute significantly to the relevant literature.
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kdo so ljudje na obrobju družbe in kakšen je odnos družbe do zmanjševanja razlik? Namen: Predstaviti ključne skupine ljudi, ki jih je družba prepoznala kot drugačne in ...kakšen je odnos do njih. Metoda: Uporabili smo kvalitativno metodo, kjer smo zbrali literaturo in informacije, jih pregledali ter analizirali. Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da družba do ljudi, ki od povprečja odstopajo, so drugačni, še vedno ne postopa enakovredno. Velik del razloga je na državni ravni, kjer je več sistemskih pomanjkljivosti. Organizacija: Raziskava je lahko koristna za organizacije, društva, ki se ukvarjajo s specifičnimi področji posameznih skupin ljudi, ki se jih je prijela določena stigma, da odstopajo od normalnega stanja kot ga prepoznava splošna populacija. Družba: Družba lahko na podlagi ugotovitev in pregleda literature ozavesti posamezne odstope v razmišljanju, dojemanju ljudi. Služi lahko za podiranje ali pa vsaj rahljanje določenih predpostavk. Originalnost: Raziskava je uporabna za namen učnega procesa na eni izmed fakultet jugovzhodne regije. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Raziskava je omejena na pregled literature in osebno razmišljanje avtorice. Nadaljevanje raziskave se lahko razširi na anketiranje, vključevanje društev s področja raziskave ter razširi še na druge skupine ljudi.
Sr. Editor: A lo largo de la historia, el complejo estigma-discriminación (CED) se ha relacionado con trastornos mentales graves como los del espectro de la esquizofrenia, donde los síntomas, los ...efectos secundarios de la medicación y el deterioro en el funcionamiento social son difíciles de disimular (1). Por su parte, el CED relacionado con el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) es un fenómeno creciente a pesar de que sus características clínicas son fáciles de ocultar o menos evidentes en el ámbito social (2,3); en estos casos, es posible que esta asociación tenga efectos más negativos en la vida de las personas que el trastorno en sí (4,5). En este sentido, se diseñó el instrumento Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) para cuantificar la relación entre CED y TDM (CED-TDM). Esta es una escala tipo Likert que se compone de dos sub-escalas de nueve ítems cada una. La primera aborda la actitud hacia las personas que reúnen criterios para TDM, es decir estigma percibido, y la segunda, la actitud anticipada para TDM, o sea estigma personal o autoestigma (6). Dear Editor: Throughout history, the stigma-discrimination complex (SDC) has been associated with serious mental disorders such as those on the spectrum of schizophrenia, where symptoms, side effects and impaired social functioning are difficult to conceal. (1) For its part, SDC related to major depressive disorder (MDD) is a growing phenomenon even though its clinical characteristics are easy to hide or are less evident in the social sphere (2,3); in these cases, said association may have more negative effects on people’s lives than the disorder itself. (4,5) Consequently, the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) was designed to quantify the relationship between SDC and MDD (SDC-MDD). This is a Likert scale consisting of two subscales with nine items each. The first addresses the issue of attitude towards people who meet criteria for MDD, i.e. perceived stigma, and the second, the anticipated attitude for MDD, i.e. personal stigma or self-stigma. (6)
Sexual stigma and discrimination toward men who have same-gender sexual experiences are present across the globe. In Ghana, same-gender sexual desires and relationships are stigmatized, and the ...stigma is sanctioned through both social and legal processes. Such stigma negatively influences health and other material and social aspects of daily life for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, there is evidence that stigma at the interpersonal level can intersect with stigma that may be operating simultaneously at other levels. Few studies provide a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the multi-level sexual stigma derived from the direct narratives of men with same-gender sexual experience. To help fill this gap on sexual stigma, we qualitatively investigated 1 what was the range of sexual stigma manifestations, and 2 how sexual stigma manifestations were distributed across socioecological levels in a sample of Ghanaian MSM. From March to September 2020, we conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with MSM about their experiences with stigma from Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Data from the FGDs were subjected to qualitative content analysis. We identified a range of eight manifestations of sexual stigma: (1) gossiping and outing; (2) verbal abuse and intrusive questioning; (3) non-verbal judgmental gestures; (4) societal, cultural, and religious blaming and shaming; (5) physical abuse; (6) poor-quality services; (7) living in constant fear and stigma avoidance; and (8) internal ambivalence and guilt about sexual behavior. Sexual stigma manifestations were unevenly distributed across socioecological levels. Our findings are consistent with those of existing literature documenting that, across Africa, and particularly in Ghana, national laws and religious institutions continue to drive stigma against MSM. Fundamental anti-homosexual sentiments along with beliefs associating homosexuality with foreign cultures and immorality drive the stigmatization of MSM. Stigma experienced at all socioecological levels has been shown to impact both the mental and sexual health of MSM. Deeper analysis is needed to understand more of the lived stigma experiences of MSM to develop appropriate stigma-reduction interventions. Additionally, more community-level stigma research and interventions are needed that focus on the role of family and peers in stigma toward MSM in Ghana.
El objetivo de este artículo es el de contribuir a la comprensión y a la progresiva desactivación de las diversas estructuras de opresión que sujetan, constituyen e influyen en las experiencias ...vividas de los agentes subalternos. Concretamente, posa la mirada sobre un fenómeno que ha sido, hasta ahora, poco estudiado en Ciencia Política: el estigma. Así, a partir de una breve revisión teórica de la literatura sobre la estigmatización, trata de ofrecer algunas claves que contribuyan a su reconceptualización y posterior análisis, explorando, especialmente, el potencial analítico de los marcos interseccionales propuestos por Patricia Hill Collins. De este modo, el artículo explica de qué forma la matriz de dominación y el marco de los dominios de poder propuestos por la autora nos permiten comprender, por un lado, el papel que juega el estigma en la dinámica interseccional del poder y, por otro, ahondar en las resistencias que movilizan los agentes estigmatizados para enfrentarlo.
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